东莞森林公园建设与管理对策思考——以大岭山森林公园为例

文章根据东莞森林公园建设的背景,从东莞发展森林公园建设的特殊条件（经济发展和城市建设特点）出发,分析存在的主要问题,提出东莞森林公园建设和管理的对策。     

热带森林与次生林经营研究

文章综述了世界热带地区的森林资源分布、基本类型、主要特征,以及世界次生林的经营现状和主要经营方式。这些经营方式包括建立自然保护区、生态公益林经营、"采掘主义"、限制采伐和伐后更新、"砍三留七"法、"扶持"式育林法、"抑制"式育林法、整体培育法、专门培育法、带状皆伐法、开发欠知名树种、自然更新和封山育林。同时提出了森林分类经营,即按照经营的主要目的将其划分为商品林、公益林和多功能林等基本类型的方法。此外,分析了热带次生林存在的问题,并提出解决这些问题的措施。     

子午岭主要森林类型土壤种子库研究

对子午岭天然油松林、人工油松林、人工落叶松林、人工刺槐林四种林分的土壤种子库特征初步研究结果表明 :人工油松林种子库储量平均为 675 .9粒 /m2 ,人工刺槐林为648.8粒 /m2 ,人工落叶松林为 839.4粒 /m2 ,天然油松林为 45 5粒 /m2 ,各林分土壤种子库储量属中等水平 ;本次调查的天然油松林种子库种子活力为零 ,人工油松林种子库活力种子占 0 .5 % ,人工落叶松林种子库活力种子占 4.2 % ,刺槐林种子库活力种子占 74.4%。除人工刺槐林种子库种子质量较高外 ,针叶林各林分种子库种子质量都较差 ;人工油松林林下油松幼苗的分布密度平均为 1～ 3株 /m2 ,人工刺槐林林下多见灌木幼苗 ,另两种林分林下幼苗较少 ,表明不同林分土壤种子库种子都具有一定的萌发能力 ;从各林分土壤种子库的组成看 ,主要树种的种子在种子库中所占比例都在 85 %以上 ,人工油松林土壤种子库物种多样性指数较高 ,而其它林分土壤种子库物种多样性指数均较小 ;土壤种子库中 80 %左右的种子集中分布在枯枝落叶层和 0 - 2 cm土壤层中 ,下层种子数量很少 ;方差分析表明 ,枯枝落叶层厚度、树高、郁闭度、胸径等因子变化对土壤种子库储量影响显著。综合分析认为 ,子午岭主要森林类型土壤种子库能够为林分的天然更新提供基本条件。     

黄土高原子午岭油松林管理方式对黑碳和颗粒有机碳积累的影响

对黄土高原子午岭油松林不同管理方式下土壤的黑碳(BC)、有机碳(POC)和活性有机碳(LOC)的空间分布和积累进行了研究.结果表明,各种管理方式的油松林其POC、LOC和BC由表层至下层均呈显著的降低规律性.各种管理方式油松林0～10cm土层以BC>POC>LOC,10～20 cm土层中,天然油松林和粗放管理型油松林B...     

Distribution and diversity of leaf-cutting ants in Northeastern Argentina: species most associated with forest plantations

Abstract

Leaf-cutting ants (LCA) are considered one of the main herbivores and one of the most destructive pest insects of the Neotropics. Northeastern Argentina harbors the greatest species richness of these ants and in turn comprises the highest surface with forest plantations. Our aim was to establish which species of leaf-cutting ants are most commonly associated with forest plantations by analyzing their geographic distribution using published and unpublished species occurrence data. Also, estimate their potential areas of distribution along a latitudinal gradient that entirely encompasses northeastern Argentina using Ecological Niche Modeling. Only seven of the 20 species recorded were strongly associated with productive systems along the gradient, but only 2–3 species in each region could be considered high-risk species for forest plantations. High-risk species composition shows a turnover between regions. Our models show the potential distribution areas where LCA could become more abundant and dominant, and possibly causing a detrimental effect on the forest plantations in the studied region. We find that ecological niche models are useful tools to assess the environmental suitability of important LCA.     

Response of snails and slugs to fragmentation of lowland forests in NW Germany

Habitat fragmentation is a major cause for species loss, but its effect on invertebrates with low active dispersal power, like terrestrial gastropods, has rarely been studied. Such species can not cross a hostile habitat matrix, for which the predictions of island theory, such as positive relations between species richness and patch size, should apply. In order to test this prediction, we studied gastropod species diversity by assessing gastropod assemblage characteristics from 35 sites in 19 fragments of deciduous old-growth forests in the Lower Rhine Embayment, Germany. Assemblages differed between larger (≥700 ha) and smaller forests (<400 ha), those of large forests held a higher percentage of forest species. Although α-diversity was similar between the two forest size classes, small forests often comprised matrix species, resulting in a higher β-diversity. Edge effects on the species richness of matrix species were noticeable up to 250 m into the forest. Hierarchical partitioning revealed that distance to disturbances (external edge, internal edges like roads) explained most assemblage variables, whereas forest size and woodland cover within a 1 km radius from the sites explained only a few assemblage variables. Densities of two forest-associated species, Discus rotundatus and Arion fuscus, decreased with forest size. Yet, forest size was positively correlated with richness of typical forest species and densities of Limax cinereoniger. The latter species seems to need forests of >1,000 ha, i.e., well above the size of most fragments. In conclusion, the prediction is valid only for forest species. The response to fragmentation is species specific and seems to depend on habitat specialization and macroclimatic conditions. Jean-Pierre Maelfait: Deceased.     

江西森林病虫害发生现状、原因及可持续，控制对策探讨

本文从森林病虫害可持续控制的观点出发,分析了江西森林病虫害危害现状,探讨了江西省森林病虫害可持续控制的基本对策和措施。     

4种纯林空气负离子浓度研究

利用负离子仪对上海市松江区中央公园的4种纯林内的空气负离子浓度进行测定,并通过比较分析,得出如下结果：桂花、紫叶李、蚊母树纯林在5月和7月份的空气负离子浓度日变化曲线呈双峰型,石楠呈单峰型;在6月和8月份紫叶李、蚊母树和石楠纯林日变化曲线相似,几乎平行;不同纯林日平均负离子浓度有差异,相关性分析表明,纯林内的空气负离子浓度与温度和相对湿度的几乎无显著相关性,为合理利用负离子资源提供一定依据。     

晋西黄土丘陵边缘土石山区天然次生林群落β多样性研究

对晋西黄土丘陵边缘土石山区不同海拔高度木本植物物种丰富度以及各群落间β多样性特征进行了分析.结果表明,木本植物总物种丰富度随海拔高度的升高呈下降趋势,乔木种在海拔较高地段丰富度较大,灌木种则是在海拔较低地段丰富度较大.群落相异性指数Cody指数和Whittaker 指数多以相邻海拔群落间的指数值最小,群落间海拔差异越大指数值越大.而群落相似性指数Jaccard和Sorenson指数则表现出相反的变化规律,即随着群落间海拔差距的增大,指数值呈逐渐减小的趋势,相邻群落间的群落相似性指数值最大.     

神农架林区国有林场改革之我见

神农架林区是全国唯一以"林区"命名的行政区。笔者通过全面对神农架林区国有林场改革的现状分析,阐述了国有林场在天保工程、退耕还林、森林资源管护、造林绿化工作中所起的作用,为国有林场改革的顺利进行打下了坚实的基础;同时也指出了林区国有林场改革存在的诸多问题,主要表现为国有林场体制不顺,基础设施落后,生活条件艰苦,产业发展缺资金、缺人才、缺技术,离退休人员多,负担沉重,债务缠身,发展艰难。进而从改革国有林场管理体制和运行机制,加快森林资源流转步伐,大力发展林业产业,合理分流富余人员,稳定和完善对国有林场扶持政策等5个方面提出了林区国有林场深化改革之对策。