桑椹与叶片蛋白质双向电泳样品制备方法的比较试验

为建立适合于桑树蛋白质组研究的双向电泳技术体系,以桑品种"大10"的桑椹与叶片为材料,探讨了桑树蛋白质不同提取方法对凝胶电泳效果的影响。结果表明,改良酚提取法与常规的SDS提取法、尿素/硫脲提取法相比,电泳图谱清晰,分离效果良好,能检测到更多的蛋白质组分,适用于桑椹与叶片蛋白质IPG-IEF/SDS-PAGE双向电泳及SDS-PAGE电泳的样品制备。     

Association between the body weight of growing pigs and the functional capacity of their gut microbiota

Gastrointestinal microbiota impact host's biological activities, including digestion of indigestible feed components, energy harvest, and immunity. In this study, fecal microbiota of high body weight (HW) and low body weight (LW) growing pigs at 103 days of age were compared. Principal coordinates analysis separated the HW and LW groups into two clusters, indicating their potential differences between microbial community composition. Although the abundances of two major phyla, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, did not significantly differ between the HW and LW groups, some genera showed significant differences. Among them, Peptococcus and Eubacterium exhibited strong positive correlations with body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) (Rho > 0.40), whereas Treponema, Desulfovibrio, Parabacteroides, and Ruminococcaceae_unclassified exhibited strong negative correlations with BW and ADG (Rho < ?0.40). Based on these results, the structure of intestinal microbiota may affect growth traits in pigs through host–microbe interactions. Further in‐depth studies will provide insights into how best to reshape host–microbe interactions in pigs and other animals as well.     

淮阴苜蓿SSR指纹图谱的构建

采用不同的取样策略,利用SSR分子标记研究淮阴苜蓿（Medicago sativa Huaiyin）遗传多样性,确定最佳取样数,在此基础上利用筛选的SSR引物构建淮阴苜蓿的指纹图谱,并对淮阴苜蓿进行品种鉴定。本研究对320株淮阴苜蓿的单株基因组DNA设置6个处理（10、20、30、40、50、60单株DNA随机等量混合）,每处理8个重复,利用筛选的4对SSR引物进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,40株单株随机DNA的混合样品的遗传多样性指数开始趋于稳定,由此取40株即可代表淮阴苜蓿群体。采用取样数为40株单株DNA混合样,利用筛选的3对SSR引物构建淮阴苜蓿指纹图谱,并对15份供试苜蓿材料进行检测,结果表明,该方法所构建淮阴苜蓿SSR指纹图谱可以用于对淮阴苜蓿品种的鉴定。     

液相色谱法测定鱼肉中土霉素残留前处理方法的改进

对液相色谱法测定鱼肉中土霉素残留的前处理方法中样品提取液浓度、提取次数、不同SPE小柱、SPE小柱洗脱液及洗脱体积进行了研究改进。结果表明,用1%的高氯酸分15、10、10 mL三次提取样品,离心后经HLB小柱净化,用20 mL 5%三乙胺甲醇溶液洗脱样品,回收率高。向样品中分别添加0.05、0.1、0.15 mg/kg三个浓度水平的土霉素时,回收率为82%～86%,RSD为6%～7%,最低检测限可达0.017 mg/kg。     

研究网络文化改进高校思想政治教育

网络文化具有不同于现实丰十会文化形态的特性，网络文化的特性使网络用户作为主体参与网络活动具有不同于现实社会生活主体的特点。大学生是网络文化活动的重要参与者。高校思想政治教育应当研究网络文化与大学生的互动关系以及网络文化对大学生成长的影响，在坚持优良传统的基础上不断创新，积极主动地运用现代科技手段，营造良好的网络文化环境，卓有成效地开展网络思想政治工作，引导大学生健康成长。     

Network on veterinary medicines initiated by the European Federation For Pharmaceutical Sciences

The European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences (EUFEPS) was founded 25 years ago by more than 20 national pharmaceutical societies and faculty members. As a pan‐European organization, it brings together pharmaceutical societies as well as academic, industrial and regulatory scientists engaged in drug research and development, drug regulation and education of professionals working in these fields. EUFEPS represents pharmaceutical sciences in Europe and is recognized as such by both the European Commission and the European Medicines Agency. EUFEPS cooperates with the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and other European organizations and maintains global connections with agencies such as the US Food and Drug Administration and the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists. EUFEPS has established specified networks forming the basis of its activities. The creation of a Network on Veterinary Medicines is prompted by the manifold problems resulting from the use of veterinary drugs and its inherent interconnections with human medicine, environmental and public health. A long‐term goal of this initiative was to expand the spectrum of available therapeutics for use in animals, including the development of innovative delivery systems.     

基于网络药理学及分子对接技术研究黄芪调控仔猪肠道菌群失调性腹泻的作用

【目的】基于网络药理学及分子对接技术研究黄芪调控仔猪肠道菌群失调性腹泻的有效活性成分及其作用机制。【方法】从TCMSP数据库搜集黄芪中药化合物成分,并获取其潜在靶点。利用GeneCards和OMIM数据库搜集肠道菌群失调性腹泻(flora imbalance diarrhea)的作用靶点,将两者预测的潜在作用靶点进行映射,获得共同作用靶点。运用STRING数据库构建靶点蛋白-蛋白相互作用(PPI)关系,用Cytoscape_3.8.0软件对其网络进行拓扑分析,用DAVID数据库对共同作用靶点进行富集分析,用AutoDuck_4.2.6软件对其核心成分与核心靶点进行分子对接。【结果】黄芪含有11个调控仔猪肠道菌群失调性腹泻核心成分,其对应靶点基因65个,疾病靶点854个,交集靶点25个。PPI网络中显示肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、转录因子AP-1(JUN)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(CASP3)、白细胞介素-6(IL6)、NF-κB抑制剂α(NFKBIA)、IL1B、IL10、细胞肿瘤抗原p53(TP53)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARG)、C-C基序趋化因子2(CCL2)为关键靶点。GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析发现,黄芪有效成分主要通过美国锥虫病、炎症性肠病、阿米巴病、细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用、A型流感、疟疾、T细胞受体信号通路、沙门菌感染等信号通路参与转录调控、免疫反应、细胞对脂多糖的反应等生物过程。分子对接结果显示,槲皮素、山奈酚、芒柄花素等核心成分与TNF、IL1B等关键靶点结合紧密,亲和力较好。【结论】黄芪可能通过槲皮素、山奈酚、芒柄花素等主要活性成分作用于TNF、IL1B等靶点,通过参与美国锥虫病、炎症性肠病、疟疾、T细胞受体信号通路、沙门菌感染等信号通路进而治疗仔猪肠道菌群失调性腹泻。     

BP人工神经网络在家蚕杂交组合预测中的应用初探

利用前馈神经网络(BPANN)建立了家蚕杂种一代的6个经济性状的预测模型,通过验证得出,以双亲成绩作为输入神经元,利用BPANN模型预测杂种一代6个经济性状的平均预测误差均在5%左右。表明利用神经网络模型用来预测杂种一代成绩具有研究应用前景。     

饲粮蛋白质源对断奶仔猪小肠全基因组转录谱的影响

为探讨饲粮蛋白质源影响断奶仔猪小肠发育的分子机制,本试验利用猪全基因组表达谱芯片分析不同蛋白质源饲粮下断奶仔猪（断奶 ０、３、７和 １４ｄ）小肠转录谱,２４头仔公猪随机分为 ２个处理,处理 １采用乳源蛋白质 ３０％替代饲粮总蛋白质,处理 ２采用全植物蛋白质源饲粮。结果表明：１）处理 １获得 ３７０个差异表达基因（Ｐ＜０．０５）,采用序列试验聚类分析,共获得２６个表达模式,其中有 ３个显著表达模式,模式 ５和 １１显著性水平最高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。处理 ２获得 ２６３个差异表达基因（Ｐ＜０．０５）,序列试验聚类分析得到 ２６个表达模式,其中模式 ３和 ２２显著水平最高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。２）基因共表达网络构建和分析一定程度上揭示了不同蛋白质源饲粮对肠道发育的分子调控机制,以及两者之间的差异。通过基因芯片数据,从 ２种蛋白质源饲粮处理下的基因调控网络中筛选出 １２和 ９个具有重要影响和研究价值的基因,以及 ９个在 ２个处理中网络调控地位发生改变的共表达基因。通过基因芯片数据,从 ２种蛋白质源饲粮处理下的基因调控网络中筛选出 １２和 ９个具有重要影响和研究价值的基因,以及 ９个在 ２个处理中网络调控地位发生改变的共表达基因。总之,本试验筛选出了一些在不同饲粮蛋白质源影响断奶仔猪肠道发育和功能过程中可能具有深入研究意义的候选基因。     

Demographics of cattle positive for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis by faecal culture,from submissions to the Cork Regional Veterinary Laboratory

The demography of bovine infections caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in Ireland is poorly defined. The objective of this study was to describe the demographics of cattle positive to MAP on faecal culture, based on submissions to the Cork Regional Veterinary Laboratory (Cork RVL) from 1994 to 2006. The study focused on all available faecal samples from adult cattle with non-responsive chronic diarrhoea that were submitted by private veterinary practitioners to Cork RVL for MAP culture. For each MAP-positive by faecal culture animal, data were collated from Cork RVL and Cattle Movement Monitoring Scheme (CMMS) records. Johne's disease (JD) was confirmed in 110 animals from 86 herds by the Cork RVL between 1994 and 2006, with a rate of positive cases between 15% and 18% over last four years of the study. Two breeds (Holstein/Friesian or Limousin) made up 78% of submissions. Movements were assessed for the 57 study animals with available movement information, 90% died within one year of the test and 26% tested positive in the herd they were born into. The study provides preliminary information about movement trends and demographics of animals with MAP positive submissions. Although the study area is restricted, it includes the most intensive (and economically-important) dairy region in Ireland. The demographics of JD infection from the study area are in agreement with international reports. Further work is required to determine demographic trends, incidence and prevalence of JD throughout Ireland. It is hoped this work may contribute to the development of a surveillance strategy for MAP by regional veterinary laboratories.