山桂花人工林林木材性与生长特性关系研究

对山桂花人工林林木木材基本密度和纤维长度径向变异的研究表明 ,山桂花人工林林木的木材材积加权平均基本密度为 0 4 82 6g/cm3 ,低于山桂花天然林林木的木材基本密度 (0 5 30 0g/cm3 ) ;山桂花人工林林木木材纤维长度为 1182 4～ 15 96 4 μm ,材积加权平均值为 1375 4 5 μm ,低于山桂花天然林林木的木材纤维长度 (12 0 0～ 2 2 5 0 μm)。通过研究还得出了基本密度 (BD)、纤维长度 (FL)与生长轮 (年龄CA)和生长轮宽度(RW)。数学模型为FL =12 6 9 86 4 1+2 7 0 2 0 7CA - 5 4 4 4 3RW ;BD =0 4 782 - 0 0 0 2 4CA +0 0 0 2 9RW ,以此分析了木材性质与树木生长特性之间的关系 ,为速生用材林的培育提供依据。     

土壤盐胁迫下杨树次生木质部的解剖特征

对生长在苏北沿海防护林不同土壤盐度下的主栽树种杨树(欧美杨无性系69杨)进行了解剖,描述了杨树次生木质部结构的特征,测量了次生木质部的16个数量特征：年轮宽度(ARW)、导管长度(VL)、早材和晚材的导管分子面积(VA)、导管周长(VP)、导管直径(VD)、导管单孔率(PSV)、导管频率(VF)、纤维长度(FL)、纤维宽度(FW)、射线高度(RH)和射线频率(RF)。实验结果表明,在不同的土壤盐度胁迫下：(1)杨树次生木质部形态特征的差别不明显,但是组成分子趋向于小型化。(2)次生木质部数量特征的变化比较明显,即当土壤含盐量从0．036％逐渐升高到0．289％,杨树的年轮宽度变小,0．91→0．77mm;纤维长度和宽度的变化分别为693．8→570μm和14．9→13．5μm,射线高度和频率的变化分别为284．3→249．2μm和58．9→75．5mm^-2,表明在盐胁迫下杨树的生长受到抑制。随着盐度的增加0．036％→0．289％,杨树导管长度减小,367．6→341．5μm;在早材和晚材中,导管面积变化分别为1575．6→1703．6μm^2和760．1→947．7μm^2,导管周长变化分别为167．7→195．1μm和120．8→143．7μm,导管直径的变化分别为41．8→43．4μm和29．1→33．1μm,导管频率的变化分别为141．8→144．2mm^-2和160→206．7mm^-2;导管单孔率的变化分别为65．9％→30．5％和59．4％→40．8％。这些都表明在盐胁迫下杨树的导管缩短变粗,呈聚集分布,输水效率和输水安全性都有所提高。     

国外引种松树松脂化学组成的特征

Ｗ．Ｂ．Ｃｒｉｔｃｈｆｉｅｌｄ和Ｅ．Ｌ．Ｌｉｔｔｌｅ，Ｊｒ．将油松组松树分成６个亚组。本文采用ＧＣ、ＧＣ－ＭＳ方法对分属４个亚组的１６种国外引种松树松脂化学组成的特征进行研究，发现每一个亚组的松脂各有其特点。马尾松、黄山松等国内松树树种与黑松、琉球松、同属一个亚组，其松脂的化学特征比较相似；而与湿地松、火炬松等另一亚组松脂则有较大区别，说明亚组的划分有利于松树的化学分类。不同地理变种的加勒比松松脂     

华山松球果螟防治

对华山松球果螟在毕节地区发生、分布、危害进行调查,修剪防治试验.     

Effect of forest vegetation on runoff and sediment production in sloping lands of Loess area

According to fixed-position data for 1985–2003 from nine runoff plots of Caijiachuan watershed which lies in Jixian County of Shanxi Province in Loess area, this paper studied the relationship between vegetation and runoff and sediment production in sloping lands in detail, which helps to provide scientific basis for vegetation re-construction and studies on environmental transformation of water and sediment in watersheds of Loess area. Although, many study results testify that forest vegetation has an important function in soil and water conservation and cutting runoff, the effect of vegetation on runoff and sediment transmission is complicated, and this needs to be studied in depth. The results of the paper showed the following. Firstly, the natural secondary forest performs better function of soil and water conservation than artificial Robinia pseudoacacia forest, and runoff and sediment produced in the former in individual rainfall were 65%–82% and 23%–92% of those produced in the latter. At the same time, better correlative relationship between runoff and sediment production and rainfall and rainfall intensity were testified by multiple regression, but the correlation decreased gradually with the increase of canopy density of forest. Secondly, the difference of runoff and sediment production in several land use types was very distinct, and the amount of runoff and sediment produced from Ostryopsis davidiana forest and natural secondary forest were the least, and runoff and sediment produced from in artificial Robinia pseudoacacia forest and Pinus tabulaeformis forest were 5-fold as much as those from O. davidiana forest. Besides, runoff and sediment produced in mixed planting of apple trees and crops were 16.14-fold and 2.96-fold than those of O. davidiana forest, respectively, but the amount decreased obviously after high-standard soil preparation in the case of the former. Thirdly, based on gray cognate analyses of factors affecting runoff and sediment production in sloping land, the factors of stand canopy density and herb and litter biomass were the most significant ones, whose gray incidence degree exceeded 0.6. Therefore, mixed forest with multi-layer stand structure and shrub forest should be developed in vegetation re-construction of Loess area, which will help to increase coverage and litter thickness in order to cut down the runoff and sediment dramatically in sloping land. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(9): 1,613–1,617 [译自: 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(9): 1,613–1,617]     

Prediction of bending properties for structural glulam using optimized distributions of knot characteristics and laminar MOE

This study established a prediction model for bending properties of glued-laminated timber (glulam) using optimized knot and modulus of elasticity (MOE) distributions of lumber laminate as the main input variables. For this purpose, knot and MOE data were investigated for all pieces of lumber that were prepared for glulam manufacturing, and statistical distributions of knot size, knot number in one lumber, and MOE of each laminate were optimized as distribution functions. These knot and MOE data were used as input variables in the prediction model for bending properties, and were also used in generating virtual glulam using the inverse transform method. Prediction of bending properties for glulam was carried out using the transformed section method, which is partially provided in ASTM D 3737 (Annex A4). Predicted values were compared with those from full-scale four-point bending tests for 60 six-layered glulams with 10 different laminar combinations. Finally, the allowable bending properties of glulam for each specific laminate combination were determined by calculating the fifth percentile of the modulus of rupture and the average modulus of elasticity from virtual test results of more than 1000 virtual glulams. From the results of this study, predicted bending properties for glulam and their distributions could be used for structural design in both allowable stress design and limit state design.     

Pilot Study to Examine Radial Variation in Annual Ring Width, Density and Shrinkage

The annual ring width, density and shrinkage variation from pith to bark in Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) and Boka sugi (Cryptomeria japonicd) were studied and compared. The results show that the ring width decreased sharply from pith to bark for Chinese fir. However, the ring width variation pattern for Boka sugi followed a different way, i.e., the ring width decreased to the fifth ring, increased to the tenth ring, decreased again to the fifteenth, and then increased to the twentieth, where it became constant. The large variations of Boka sugi appeared to show the maintenance of fast growth for many years. The annual ring mean density of Chinese fir increased gradually from pith to bark. However, the density changes for Boka sugi indicated the opposite trend, i.e., the mean density decreased gradually from pith to bark. The former showed a pattern as the same as a pine and a larch, and the latter was often found in a cedar and a cypress. The longitudinal shrinkage in juvenile wood was much hig     

长白山阔叶红松林早春植物生长特征研究

以长白山阔叶红松林下的早春植物为对象,对其生长发育过程、生长环境特点、生物量及其群落学特征进行研究,结果表明:长白山阔叶红松林下早春植物有12种2变种,相对重要的前10种依次为黑水银莲花、朝鲜银莲花、顶冰花、多被银莲花、东北延胡索、侧金盏花、五福花、全缘叶延胡索、大人字果、线叶延胡索;早春植物生长发育需凉爽、湿润、光照充足的环境条件,其生长发育过程与上层林冠有密切关系。长白山阔叶红松林下早春植物总生物量为395.83 kg·hm-2,其中,地上部分生物量为135.26 kg·hm-2,占总生物量的34.17%;地下部分生物量为260.57 kg·hm-2,占65.83%,总密度为272.65万株·hm-2。早春植物在森林生态系统物质循环、能量流动方面具有重要作用。     

香花槐生物学特性及其芽分化影响因素研究

研究了影响香花槐组织培养芽分化的主要因素,包括:外植体取材时期、消毒处理、基本培养基、细胞分裂素种类与浓度配比、细胞分裂素与生长素配比等。结果表明:M是最佳基本培养基;适合香花槐增殖分化的细胞分类素为浓度0.5mg L-1的6-BA;香花槐增殖培养的最佳组合为6-BA0.5mg L-1+IBA0.05mg L-1+2%蔗糖。     

红豆树天然古群落结构特征的研究

红豆树是国家Ⅱ级保护珍稀濒危植物,开展百年红豆树群落学特征研究,对于保护红豆树古树群具有重要的意义。在霞浦县崇儒乡,用群落学方法对百年天然红豆树群落特征进行了定量研究。结果表明：红豆树、刨花润楠和毛锥3个树种在乔木层中占据绝对优势,三者的重要值分别为84.1%、49.3%和29.5%。根据群落中各树种的重要值,可将其命名为“红豆树+刨花润楠+红楠”群落。红豆树古群落垂直结构丰富,乔木层、灌木层和草本层分层明显,上层木为红豆树和刨花润楠,中层木为红楠、毛锥、钩锥等,林下更新层主要为红豆树、刨花润楠、毛锥。红豆树群落红豆树种群呈增长型,天然更新良好,在无干扰状态下红豆树群落能够实现自然更新。