西双版纳橡胶林细根生物量及其周转

用土钻法研究了西双版纳橡胶Hevea brasiensis林0～20cm土层中≤2mm细根的生物量和生长量,用分解袋法研究了橡胶林细根的分解,结果表明:0～10cm的细根生物量显著高于10～20cm的细根生物量(p<0.01);在0～20cm土层中,橡胶林活细根和死细根现存量分别为2 206 kg·hm~(-2)和345 kg·hm~(-2);活细根现存量的最大值出现在5月份,最小值出现在11月份;死细根现存量的最大值出现在2月份,最小值出现在8月份;年分解量、年死亡量、年生长量和年周转率分别为213 kg·hm~(-2)、733 kg·hm~(-2)、1 801 kg·hm~(-2)和82%。     

河口地区橡胶白粉病防治失败原因的探讨

河口地区嫩叶期气温偏凉及粉锈宁烟雾剂残效期短是防治失败的重要原因,但不是主要原因。主要原因是防治技术措施存在缺陷。本文还讨论解决存在问题的途径。     

杉木无性系早-晚龄生长性状的相关性及早期选择的研究

对10年生和7年生的两块杉木无性系试验林历年生长资料进行分析研究，得出结果；从第2年起无性系高，么董长量的F值、方差分量、重复力明显增大，并开始趋于稳定，无性系重复力较高，介于0．65－0．90之间居多。从3－4年生起，各年龄树高、胸径与近期对应性状的相关系数，以及与近期材积的相关系数增大，至趋于稳定。3－4年生后各年龄树高、胸径相关信息量亦表出与相关系数同样的趋势。遗传相关系数大于秩次，表型、环境相关系数，表明年龄间生和匠相关主要受遗传控制，无性系早期选择是有效的。早期选择最佳年龄、随主伐年龄的不同而有所差异，但介于3－4a之间，选择效率D早－V晚高于H早－V晚，前者出现最大选择效率的年龄早于或等于后者，所以选择指标倾向胸径。     

杉木优良无性系组培繁育试验

通过对杉木优良无性系的组培繁育试验，筛选出一组广谱、高效的培养基和组培苗最佳移栽期及移栽后的培育管理方法；营造了组培苗与实生苗及各种源无性系不同繁殖方式的对比试验林，进一步研究其造林效果的差异。结果表明，组培苗造林在树高、地径等性状上均高于实生苗及常规无性繁殖苗。     

杉木采穗圃营建技术的研究

从1980年起,先后在湖南省零陵地区林科所和江永县高泽源林场营建杉木采穗圃7.5亩。实践表明:杉木采穗圃繁殖系数大、产量高,且技术容易掌握,便于推广,是加速杉木造林良种化的有效途径。同时说明,科学地选择建圃材料,采用浅栽、控制冠幅、弯干和截顶,以及加强对圃地的经营管理,是实现建圃目标,提高穗条产量和质量的关键措施。     

木麻黄抗逆无性系苗期生长比较试验

采用通过筛选的2个木麻黄抗逆无性系与当地生长较好的惠2无性系进行水培育苗试验,结果表明:(1)不同无性系间苗高和地径差异不大,方差分析均未达显著水平。从遗传参数来看,3个无性系间苗高和地径的遗传力均为中等,分别为0.486和0.557,方差分量也不大,分别为66.06%、69.27%,苗高的遗传变异系数较小,其值为14.23%,而地径的遗传变异系数较大,其值为18.22%,利用苗高和地径指标对木麻黄抗逆品系和对照进行比较,不能取得较理想的结果;(2)不同无性系在侧根数、主根长、总干质量/总鲜质量等指标上均未达显著水平,且变异系数不大,仅为25.26%、13.70%、9.28%;但在地下部分干质量/地上部分干质量指标上达极显著水平,且变异系数较大,达46.42%。从苗木根系性状和生物量的遗传变异分析,木麻黄抗逆品系和对照没有什么差异。     

18年生尾巨桉无性系木材纤维形态和基本密度变异研究

对18年生尾巨桉（Eucalyptus urophlla×E．grandis）无性系木材纤维特征与基本密度进行研究,通过测定木材的纤维长度、宽度、壁厚、腔径、木材基本密度,分析结果表明：木材基本密度、纤维长度、纤维长宽比、壁厚、壁腔比在树干径向方向由髓心向外有逐渐增大的规律。纤维长度与基本密度之间呈显著的负相关,纤维宽...     

杜鹃红山茶CaAPX基因的克隆、表达及功能分析

[目的]利用分子生物学技术探讨杜鹃红山茶CaAPX基因的表达模式及在模式植物烟草中所起的抗寒、耐热作用,为今后山茶花抗逆育种奠定基础。[方法]根据山茶花同源序列设计特异性引物,利用同源克隆和3’,5’-RACE技术,从杜鹃红山茶嫩叶组织中克隆出抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX),命名为CaAPX,基因全长1 097 bp,开放阅读框753 bp,编码250个氨基酸。实时荧光定量PCR对杜鹃红山茶7种组织和温度胁迫下该基因的表达模式进行分析。[结果]表明:CaAPX基因在杜鹃红山茶7种组织中均得到表达,但表达水平不一,表达量由高到低依次为:未成熟果实嫩叶花苞叶芽种胚花瓣花芽,其中,未成熟果实中的表达量是其它组织的2.6811.44倍;温度胁迫处理8 h后该基因呈上调表达,CaAPX基因表达量分别是0 h的3.49和2.67倍。CaAPX基因转化烟草分析表明,过量表达CaAPX基因后,APX活性提高了2.58 4.09倍,抗坏血酸(As A)含量提高了2.673.56倍,并且转基因烟草植株的抗寒、耐热能力也获得提高。[结论]通过过量表达CaAPX基因能够提高烟草植株的抗寒、耐热性,为山茶花抗逆育种提供了科学依据。     

Quantitative Estimation of Genetic Variability in Morphological Characteristics of Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) Clones

The study was carried out to analyze the genetic variability for different growth parameters in poplar clones at the age of 2 and 3 yr in the nursery. Forty-nine exotic and indigenous clones of poplar were evaluated for eight morphological traits. Clones were planted in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications with four clones in a block in each treatment. Observations for different characters were recorded on six selected competitive clones per genotype. Results showed a high interclonal variability for most parameters. Statistically significant differences among clones indicated that the majority of study characters are controlled by genetic factors, specific to each clone. Highly significant genotypic difference supported by wide range of variation of mean and range values were observed for the characters under study. Significant and positive correlation was observed between diameter at breast height (DBH) and plant height. Leaf lamina length showed positive and significant correlation with petiole length, total leaf length, leaf width, and L/B ratio. Total leaf length showed positive and significant correlation with leaf width and L/B ratio. High estimates of heritability (in a broad sense) were observed for almost all characters in the study. High genetic advance expressed as percent of mean was recorded for petiole length (60.90), followed by plant height (60.78) and collar diameter (44.19) at 2 yr. At the age of 3 yr, genetic advance was found maximum for petiole length (60.05), followed by collar diameter (47.62) and plant height (45.29). The efforts for selecting new clones and their field-testing must continue under a long-term improvement plan so that the best clones can be recommended for plantations and hybridization programs.     

Cloning and sequence analysis of nine novel MYB genes in Taxodiaceae plants

Myeloblastosis(MYB) is one of the largest transcribed factor families in plants. To gain an overall picture of the evolution of MYB genes in relict plants, we cloned nine novel MYB genes in Taxodiaceae plants(Taxodium distichum, Taxodium ascendens, Cryptomeria japonica var. Sinensis, Cryptomeria japonica cv. Araucarioides, Cryptomer Japonica, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Taiwania cryptomerioides and Glyptostrobus pensilis). The deduced amino acid sequences for MYBs showed that the nine MYB proteins contained two DNA binding domains. The first domain is from amino acid position 29 to 78, wherein three tryptophanes at 33, 53 and 73 were separated by 19 amino acids, respectively. The second domain is from amino acid position 82 to 127, wherein three tryptophanes at 86, 105 and 124 were separated by 18 amino acids, respectively, whereas the first tryptophane at amino acid position 86 is replaced by a phenylalanine. The characterization of these conserved domains at nine MYBs indicated that they all belong to the R2R3-MYB group. The secondary structure analysis showed that α-helix and β-turn are the major motifs of the predicted secondary structure of MYBs. The three dimensional model of each MYB protein showed that the structure is like clip, making it more flexible and mobile. The similarities between the nine MYB proteins in Taxodiaceae were calculated. The highest identical value of 99% is between CjsMYB, CjMYB and CjaMYB, whereas the lowest value of 82% is between TaMYB and ClMYB. According to the phylogenetic tree, the distances between different genera were relatively large whereas those within genera were relatively small. As expected, accessions of the same genus formed a subgroup before being grouped with other genera.