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61.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(1):91-96
Abstract Bulk density of a Tifton (Plinthitic Paleudult; fine loamy, siliceous, thermic) soil containing 5.8 to 11.0% of the sample weight as pebbles was 0.06–0.12 g/cc lower when corrections were made for presence of pebbles or concretions. A method for determining the bulk density of the soil matrix between pebbles or concretions is outlined. After adjustment, the bulk density at which root penetration was inhibited in this soil closely approximated that for soils which do not contain concretions. The proposed procedure reflects more nearly how bulk density changes where plant roots are growing than previously published procedures do. 相似文献
62.
水、氮供应和土壤空间所引起的根系生理特性变化 总被引:24,自引:6,他引:24
在限制根系生长的胁迫条件下.,研究了补充和不补充供应水、氮对玉米根系生理特性及养分吸收的影响。结果表明.,正常生长条件下.,水、氮供应促进了根系生长.,增加了根系吸收总面积、活跃吸收面积和TTC还原量.,促进了根系对养分的吸收.,从而提高了产量.;限制根系生长.,水分的作用与正常条件下相同.,氮素的作用则受控于土壤水分。补充灌水增强了氮肥作用.,供氮促进了根系生长.,改善了根系生理特性.,减少了限制根系生长所引起的不良影响.;不补充灌水限制了氮肥作用的发挥.,供氮导致了根系生物量和生理特性下降.,加重了限制根系生长的不良影响。 相似文献
63.
Ion control of nutrient solutions to control nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) was developed for Superior (medium-to-early maturing) and Atlantic (mid-late) potato cultivars grown in closed hydroponic systems in which solutions were replenished and recirculated. Results were compared with conventional nutrient solution management strategies. In the “solution replacement” treatment, nutrient solutions were completely replaced each week. In the “electrical conductivity (EC) control” treatment, water use by potato plants was compensated by adding ground water to achieve the original volume (water replenishment) and the diluted EC of the solution was adjusted to the target levels using stock solution. In “ion control” treatment, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4) and potassium nitrate (KNO3) were added to the EC-controlled nutrient solution. The amounts increased with plant age in both cultivars. The concentrations of nitrate (NO3), P, and K in the ion control nutrient solution could be maintained at target levels. In water replenishment, recycling of nutrient solution resulted in a progressive decrease in EC and an increase in pH. Root activity increased by 93% and 59% in the Superior and Atlantic cultivars, respectively, compared with the nutrient solution replacement. These changes decreased photosynthesis, plant growth, water use, and thus tuber growth in the Superior cultivar. Decreased growth of shoots and tubers occurred without affecting photosynthesis in the Atlantic cultivar. Although there were no significant differences in root activity, photosynthesis, or plant growth between the ion control treatment and the EC control treatment, increased tuber growth was observed in the ion control treatment, possibly as a result of the constant supply of nutrients. High tuber growth and the capability to maintain solution nutrient concentration in the ion control treatment are highly desirable for closed hydroponic systems. 相似文献
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油松根系形态分布的分形分析研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
基于分形理论和管状模型理论建立了油松根系的三维静态模型。根系模型主要建立在根系拓扑、分枝规律、连结长度、连结直径和根系分枝角度基础上。检测模型主要考虑参数α和q。参数α为根系分枝前后的横截面积之比,q定义分枝后新连结的生物量。虽然参数α和q相对于根系直径独立,但是它们的变化可能影响预测的正确性。在植物水平上,模型提供适当的根系干重,根系全长和根系直径的预测。这一静态模型较适合研究成熟根系,与其它模型相比,该模型的主要优点是它的可塑性和易于应用。 相似文献
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利用不同浓度的茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)对葡萄组培植株进行处理,进而分析其生理及基因表达变化,结果表明MeJA能抑制植株不定根的分化和伸长,诱导根、茎、叶组织中的脱落酸(ABA)含量升高,但降低赤霉素(GA)、生长素(IAA)和细胞分裂素(ZR)的含量,且影响叶片中叶绿素代谢导致褪绿黄化。MeJA能诱导植物体内茉莉酸合成代谢基因表达进而提高内源茉莉酸的含量,诱导ABA合成代谢和信号路径中的基因表达,但是会抑制生长素、赤霉素、细胞分裂素、油菜素内酯合成代谢基因的表达,抑制了与根发育和延伸相关基因VvXET、VvEXPB2、VvEXPA7和VvWUS的表达,进而抑制不定根的发生,导致植物发育缓慢。因此,MeJA通过影响其他激素的合成代谢来调控它们在植物中的含量,导致内源激素不平衡影响植株发育,并调控植株根的发育状态,在不定根发育方面起负向调控作用。 相似文献
69.
Description of Aphelenchoides besseyi from Abnormal Rice with ‘Small Grains and Erect Panicles’ Symptom in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In recent ten years, the symptom 'small grains and erect panicles' in rice was widespread in most rice growing areas of China, which generally caused yield loss ranging from 10% to 30%, even as high as 50% in heavily infected regions . It is a serious problem in the middle of Jiangsu Province and some regions of southern Jiangsu Province. The occurrence of the phenomenon 'small grains and erect panicles' in rice totaled 3.3 ×105 ha during 2001-2003 in Jiangsu Province, resulting in at least… 相似文献
70.