臭氧对鲜切莲藕酶促褐变的影响

以鲜切莲藕为原料,通过测定褐变度、失重率、总酚含量、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,研究了臭氧处理对鲜切莲藕贮存过程中酶促褐变的影响。结果表明,随着贮存时间延长,鲜切莲藕褐变度和失重率呈增加趋势,臭氧处理可以极显著降低鲜切莲藕褐变度和失重率(P0.01),且0.3 mg/L臭氧比0.6 mg/L效果好。当贮存时间由8 d延长为12 d时,样品总酚含量和PPO、POD活性开始降低,但总酚含量变化不大,PPO和POD活性下降较快。Pearson相关性分析表明,臭氧浓度与褐变度呈负相关(P=0.024);贮存时间与失重率、褐变度、总酚含量呈极显著正相关,与PPO活性呈极显著负相关(P0.01)。鲜切莲藕用0.3 mg/L臭氧水处理12 min后,可以在0~4℃冰箱贮存8 d。     

3株拮抗细菌对草莓根腐病菌C16-4的抑菌作用

为了明确枯草芽孢杆菌T4-4、S-30和S-11菌株的抑菌作用,以草莓根腐病菌C16-4为靶标,采用平板对峙培养法、孢子萌发法、产孢量统计法和光学与电子显微镜观察等方法,进行了抑菌作用研究。结果表明:枯草芽孢杆菌T4-4、S-30和S-11的菌株和代谢产物都能够抑制草莓根腐病菌C16-4的生长,并且在代谢产物中含有脂肽类物质;这些脂肽类物质具有很好的抑菌活性,抑菌带宽度可以达到9.5、8.5、7.0mm;3株枯草芽孢杆菌的代谢产物能抑制病菌分生孢子的产生,产孢抑制率分别为79.2%、50%和33.3%;对分生孢子的萌发有推迟和抑制的作用,在处理24h内的任意时段孢子萌发率均低于对照;通过光学和电子显微镜观察菌丝的变化,发现枯草芽孢杆菌代谢产物能致使菌丝细胞壁表面粗糙,出现细胞膨大、扭曲等畸形现象。     

高pH值和铁素对毛白杜鹃和迎红杜鹃根系Fe~(3+)还原酶活性的影响

以耐碱性不同的两种杜鹃花(毛白杜鹃和迎红杜鹃)的组培苗为材料,对其根系Fe3+还原酶活性与铁素和pH值间的关系进行研究,结果表明:培养最初阶段高pH值(NaHCO3提供)与铁素共同诱导根系Fe3+还原酶活性增加;Fe3+对根系Fe3+还原酶活性的诱导作用具有类似于代谢途径中的底物诱导效应;在10d的缺铁处理中,迎红杜鹃根系Fe3+还原酶活性增加,而毛白杜鹃没有增加,说明缺铁对酶活性的诱导存在种间差异;杜鹃花根系Fe3+还原酶活性与植物耐碱性存在正相关。     

The effect of soil liming on shoot development, root growth, and cluster root activity of white lupin

 The effects of a limed soil upon root and shoot growth of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) were investigated using soil tubes and pots. After 75 days in the soil tubes, the combined taproot and lateral root dry weight in limed soil (2.5% CaO w/w) was significantly less than in neutral pH soil (by 57%). However, the dry weight and numbers of cluster roots remained comparable between the treatments, demonstrating for the first time that the cluster roots respond differently to the rest of the root system. Cluster roots accounted for 17% of the total root biomass in neutral soil, increasing significantly to over 30% in limed soil. When grown for 43 days in pots containing soil with different additions of lime (0.5–2.5% CaO w/w), soil citrate concentrations were higher than in the neutral pH soil treatment in all except the 2.5% lime treatment, in which they were lower. In both experiments, shoot dry weights were lower in the presence of the limed soil compared with those in the neutral pH soil. Although a reduction in shoot dry weight was not apparent at 21 days in the limed-soil tubes, the initiation of fewer mainstem leaf primordia indicated a slower shoot development than occurred in the neutral soil. Plants grown in the limed-soil tubes showed leaf yellowing and some chlorosis within 9 days. At the final harvest, the shoot phosphorus and manganese concentrations were significantly lower in plants grown in limed soil compared with those in the neutral pH soil, whereas the concentration of calcium was higher. Received: 11 October 1999     

不同发根农杆菌诱导花生发根研究

利用5种发根农杆菌侵染不同花生外植体,对比其发根诱导率,分析寻找利于花生转化的外植体、花生品种及发根农杆菌。结果表明,农杆菌94022诱导发根率较其它发根农杆菌高;后期继代培养中子叶诱导的发根易于培养,存活率高,生长状态好;在用培养后的子叶为外植体时,花育20较其它品种发根诱导率高。     

牛蒡上发生的根结线虫种类鉴定

2007～2009年,对我国牛蒡主产区的牛蒡及其根际土壤中的植物寄生线虫进行调查研究,发现根结线虫危害最为严重。根据根结线虫的形态学特征和分子生物学检测方法对其进行鉴定,结果表明,我国牛蒡主产区根结线虫种类为北方根结线虫(Meloidogyne hapla)。     

半根交替干旱对‘大久保’桃叶片中几种有机渗透调节物质的影响

 和良好水分条件的对照相比较, 半根交替干旱处理(ARS) 对‘大久保’桃叶片日出前水势无显著影响, 但显著高于全根干旱(WRS) 处理。WRS导致叶片中游离氨基酸、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量显著增加和淀粉含量显著降低, 而ARS和对照之间叶片中游离氨基酸、脯氨酸、可溶性糖和淀粉含量均不存在显著性差别。此外, 叶片中游离氨基酸、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量与日出前叶片水势呈显著或极显著负相关, 而淀粉含量与日出前叶片水势呈极显著正相关。上述结果表明, ARS条件下植株具有良好的水分供应能力, 并不存在积累上述有机物质进行渗透调节的现象。     

A SCAR marker linked to the N gene for resistance to root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

The root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are important nematode pests and cause serious diseases in pepper in the world. No molecular markers linked to the nematodes resistance N gene have been reported. In this paper, ‘Carolina Wonder’ (Capsicum annuum L.), a sweet pepper line resistant to root-knot nematode with N gene, ‘20080-5-29’ (C. annuum L.), an inbred line susceptible to root-knot nematode with good horticultural characteristics, and their F₂ progeny with 320 individuals were used as materials. Evaluation of resistance and susceptibility of parental lines, F₁ and F₂ progeny inoculated with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) were carried out. ‘Bulked segregant analysis’ method was used to search for polymorphic markers from 512 pairs of AFLP primers. Based on the assessment of resistance and susceptibility and polymorphism of the AFLP marker in F₂ population, the genetic linkage distance between the AFLP marker and the N gene was estimated. One AFLP marker E39/M41-339 was obtained and transferred to a SCAR marker amplifying a 315 bp DNA fragment linked to the N resistant allele and a 331 bp fragment linked to the N⁺ susceptible allele. The distance between the molecular marker and the nematodes resistance N gene is 6.3 cM. This research delivered a valuable tool for the marker assisted selection of nematodes resistance in pepper.     

Selection of virulent populations of Meloidogyne javanica by repeated cultivation of Mi resistance gene tomato rootstocks under field conditions

Field trials were conducted in a plastic house artificially infested with an avirulent population of Meloidogyne javanica to determine the durability of the resistance mediated by the Mi gene in tomato rootstocks after repeated cultivation for three consecutive years. Treatments included an experimental rootstock cv. PG76 ( Solanum lycopersicum  ×  Solanum sp.), a commercial rootstock cv. Brigeor ( S. lycopersicum  ×  S. habrochaites ), a resistant tomato cv. Monika ( S. lycopersicum ), and a susceptible cv. Durinta ( S. lycopersicum ). Based on the reproduction index (RI: number of eggs per g root on the resistant cultivar divided by number of eggs per g root on the susceptible cultivar × 100), rootstock cv. PG76 responded as highly resistant (RI = 7%) after the first cropping cycle (3·4 nematode generations), showed intermediated resistance (RI = 33%) after the second cropping cycle (3·3 generations), and was fully susceptible (RI = 94%) after the third cycle (3·3 generations). In contrast, rootstock cv. Brigeor and resistant cv. Monika retained intermediate resistance levels (RI = 41 and 25%, respectively) after the third cropping cycle. Virulent nematode populations were rapidly selected from an avirulent one after repeated cultivation of resistant tomatoes under field conditions. Bioassays conducted under controlled conditions confirmed that selection for virulence occurred more rapidly in plots with cv. PG76 followed by Brigeor and Monika. The nematode population in the field not exposed to Mi resistance remained avirulent to Mi genotypes. The genetic background of the resistant rootstocks and the frequency of cropping were critical factors for the appearance of virulent nematode populations. Irrespective of nematode infection, all resistant tomatoes yielded more than the susceptible cultivar.     

板粟插穗愈伤组织及不定根的细胞组织学研究

板栗扦插不易生根,用HL—43生根剂处理扦插板栗嫩枝,进行愈伤组织及不定根形成的细胞组织学研究,结果证明:其插穗愈伤组织及不定根的形成,需经过诱导起动,分裂分化及器官形成三个阶段。不定根的形成可以产生在插入苗床的枝段各个部位,以基部1—3节最多,主要由维管形成层细胞或韧皮部薄壁细胞分裂产生。愈伤组织只在剪口处发生,并停留在此阶段,仅有少数愈伤组织形成不定根。