腾冲过路黄的生长动态观察研究

对腾冲过路黄的物候期进行观察,并绘制出物候图谱。测定其各器官生长动态,结果显示：腾冲过路黄的根系集中分布层深度为10～26 cm,其茎含水量平均为82.02％,叶含水量平均为79.87％,根含水量平均为85.68％。采用相关分析及建立生物量一元线性回归方程,茎、叶、根的生物量（干重Y）可分别用Y=0.0213X4.3369、Y=0.0565X3.9657、Y=0.0382X3.517来推测。     

滴水量对新大豆27号根系生长及产量的影响

为揭示滴水量对超高产大豆根系生长的影响规律,设置975 m3·hm-2(W1)、1 575 m3·hm-2(W2)、2175 m3·hm-2(W3)、2 775 m3·hm-2(W4)4种滴水处理,对各处理0~100 cm土层含水量、新大豆27号根系干重、侧根长和产量进行测定分析。结果表明:随着滴水量的增加,0~40 cm土层的含水量增加;0~20 cm土层根干重密度和侧根长密度增幅最大,20~40 cm土层增幅其次;增加生育中后期0~80 cm土层总根干重和总侧根长,鼓粒初期W2、W3、W4处理的根干重分别较W1增加14.2%、30.4%、41.1%,侧根长分别较W1增加17.4%、25.7%、40.3%;提高0~40 cm土层根系活力,增加根系伤流量,提高水分利用效率,W3、W4鼓粒初期0~80 cm土层根干重分别为88.6、95.8 g·m-2,侧根长为432.4~482.9 m·m-2,产量分别为6 082.6 kg·hm-2、6 404.7 kg·hm-2,水分利用效率为1.30左右。新疆伊宁地区大豆的适宜滴水量为2 175~2 775 m3·hm-2。     

浅析灌溉对作物根系及产量的影响

结合文献资料,从作物根系的水平分布、垂直分布、硝态氮运移及产量等几个方面,概述了不同灌溉量和灌溉方式对作物的影响,分析了滴灌、渗灌等微灌技术的应用。最后,针对经济林木生产的实际现状,进行了展望：探索一种成本低、简单易操作、便于推广应用的灌溉措施更具有理论和实践意义。     

感染松材线虫病松树滑刃目线虫调查

 本研究首次在全国范围内调查感染松材线虫病松树体内滑刃目线虫的种群组成,包括种类记述和数量组成分析。结果表明:在300份样品中共分离得到10种滑刃目线虫,隶属于3科、4属,其中有2个国内新记录种;它们是松材线虫、拟松材线虫、霍夫曼尼伞滑刃线虫、薄荷滑刃线虫、大核滑刃线虫、小麦长尾线虫(国内新记录种)、爱尔密那长尾线虫(国内新记录种)、李氏长尾线虫、吴氏长尾线虫和外滑刃科线虫一种;描述并且图示比较它们的形态特征。种群数量组成分析表明:松材线虫在感病松树体内占据绝对的优势,削弱了松树线虫群落组成的多样性,即线虫群落结构趋向单一化。研究还表明,利用长尾属线虫的捕食习性来控制中国松材线虫病的流行与危害值得进一步探索与研究。     

Variable response of open-pollinated seedling progeny of avocado to Phytophthora root rot

Phytophthora root rot, caused byPhytophthora cinnamomi Rands, is the most important disease of avocado (Persea americana Miller). In an attempt to identify root rot-resistant rootstocks that could ultimately be used under conditions in southern Florida, we screened open-pollinated progeny of avocado from the National Germplasm Repository in Miami. From 1996 to 1998, a total of 2,355 seedlings from 51 accessions were examined in potting mix artificially infested withP. cinnamomi. Most seedlings developed severe root rot, but tolerance was observed in some families (i.e., progeny of certain accessions). Although the most susceptible families developed mean disease ratings of up to 97% root necrosis, mean ratings for the most tolerant families were less than 60%. There was also a strong relationship between the racial background of the female parent and the tolerance of seedlings. Seedlings of the West Indian race and hybrids between it and the Guatemalan race were significantly more tolerant than those from other parents (P< 0.05). Individuals in several families developed < 50% root necrosis, the arbitrary standard of tolerance in this study. Twelve families accounted for 82% (188 of 229) of the tolerant seedlings, and only two of these did not have a West Indian or Guatemalan × West Indian pedigree. Broad-sense heritability for PRR tolerance was 0.45. This is the first report on the inheritance of PRR tolerance in avocado and on the influence of genotype and racial pedigree under controlled conditions.     

用喷雾器喷施线虫对其存活和侵染力的影响

试验表明,应用高压机动喷雾机喷施线虫,防治桃小食心虫,在每平方厘米10～20公斤压力下,对线虫的存活、侵染力和寄生强度,均无明显影响。     

云南石榴根际剑属线虫的记述

从云南省主要石榴产区蒙自县、会泽县和建水县,采集了石榴根际土样标本,分离得到线虫后,采用形态特征进行鉴定.结果表明,寄生于云南石榴根部的剑属线虫有两种:一种是标明剑线虫(Xiphinama insigne Loose),1949;另一种为短颈剑线虫(Xiphinama brevicolle Lordello ＆ Da Costa), 1961.     

两种药物驱除放牧绵羊线虫的效果对比试验

选用伊维菌素注射剂按0.1,0.2,0.3mg/kg剂量和盐酸左旋咪唑片剂7.5,15,22.5mg/kg剂量对放牧绵羊进行驱虫试验,分别于给药后7d、14d检查效果。结果：伊维菌素组第7d消化道线虫的虫卵减少率分别为99.10%,99.18%和99.21%。14d分别为97.18%,98.91%,99.21%;肺线虫幼虫7d无明显变化,14d减少率分别为96.59%,96.51%,97.37%。左旋咪唑组第7d消化道线虫的虫卵减少率分别为67.79%,93.17%和95.52%,14d分别为54.68%,83.62%,84.30%;对肺线虫第7d幼虫减少率分别为62.76%,58.13%和45.74%,14d分别为0、72.76%,83.72%。试验表明伊维菌素注射液驱虫效果明显优于左旋咪唑片剂。     

土壤处理对西洋参根际线虫数量动态的影响及对防治茎线虫根腐病的效果

 Root rot of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) caused by Ditylenchus destructor is a novel disease found recently in Beijing area. The effects of three soil treatments (fumigating with chloropicrin, chloropicrin + lvfeng organic manure and nematicide fosthiazate) on the number of rhizospheric nematodes, survived plants, root yield and root rot of 3-year ginseng plant were compared. The effects were also investigated at the second year after treatment. The results indicated that the number of parasitic nematodes in rhizosphere of treated soil reached the peak value in late June to early July as the soil temperature raised in the growing season. Compared with the regular treatment, the number of plant parasitic nematodes was reduced while non-plant parasitic nematodes increased. The number of non-plant parasitic nematodes in the soil treated with chloropicrin + lvfeng organic manure was 2 times than that treated with chloropicrin only. The ratio of non-parasitic to parasitic nematodes of three treatments was higher than the control. Percent of survived plants was 94.8%-96.4% and diseased root was decreased obviously. The control efficacy was more than 89% at the first year after treatment. The survived plants and plot yield of ginseng increased significantly and the control efficacy was around 40% at the second year. The best of the three treatments was by chloropicrin + organic manure.     

硒的价态与浓度水平对6种植物种子发芽和根际生长的影响

本文研究了硒的价态（Se6＋和Se4＋）和浓度水平（0～100mgSe·L-1）对6种植物（大麦、小麦、花椰菜、萝卜、苜蓿和欧芹）种子萌发和根际生长特性的影响。结果表明,低浓度硒（〈1mgSe·L-1）对种子发芽促进作用不明显,而高浓度硒（〉4mgSe·L-1）则有显著抑制作用,不同种子对硒的抗性表现不同。根长和芽长的测定结果表明,低浓度对花椰菜和小麦种子生长具有显著促进作用,对欧芹种子表现出抑制作用。较高浓度（1～4mg·L-1）即对花椰菜、苜蓿和欧芹的根生长表现出抑制作用,高浓度对小麦、大麦和萝卜根生长有抑制作用,且使芽生长受到抑制的硒浓度高于根生长。比较价态,低硒时六价对花椰菜生长的促进作用显著高于四价,高硒时小麦和苜蓿对硒的抗性表现为六价硒强于四价硒,其余科属差异不显著。不同科属对硒的抗性为禾本科小麦和大麦最强,十字花科花椰菜和萝卜次之,豆科苜蓿较差,伞形科欧芹最差。