Density‐dependent effects of eastern Kamchatka pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and Japanese chum salmon (O. keta) on age‐specific growth of western Alaska chum salmon

Hatcheries release >4.5 billion juvenile Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) into the North Pacific Ocean annually, raising concerns about competition with wild salmon populations. We used retrospective scale analysis to investigate how the growth of chum salmon (O. keta) from western Alaska is affected by the abundance of chum salmon from Japanese hatcheries and wild pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) from the Russian Far East. Over nearly five decades, the growth of Kuskokwim River chum salmon was negatively correlated with the abundance of Japanese hatchery chum salmon after accounting for the effects of sex and spring/summer sea‐surface temperature in the Bering Sea. An effect of wild eastern Kamchatka pink salmon abundance on the growth of Kuskokwim River salmon was detectable but modest compared to the intraspecific competitive effect. A decrease in Japanese hatchery chum salmon releases in 2011–2013 was not associated with increased growth of Bering Sea chum salmon. However, the abundance of wild chum salmon from the Russian Far East increased during that time, possibly obscuring reduced competition with hatchery chum salmon. Our results support previous evidence that chum salmon are affected by intraspecific competition, and to a lesser extent interspecific competition, in the North Pacific, underscoring that the effects of salmon hatchery production transcend national boundaries.     

Improved estimation and forecasts of stock maturities using generalised linear mixed models with auto‐correlated random effects

Estimation of proportion mature‐at‐age is an important component of the estimation of stock productivity. Current methods estimate maturity‐at‐age in each year or cohort independently. However, cohorts that are alive in the population at the same time are expected to experience similar conditions and therefore have similar maturity trajectories. Methods to take advantage of this information using binomial time series models with over‐dispersion are presented to improve the estimation of maturity‐at‐age, with applications to example populations of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua Linnaeus, and American plaice, Hippoglossoides platessoides (Fabricius). An auto‐correlated beta‐binomial model fit the data well compared to other models investigated and improved forecasts of maturities for both populations. Use of an auto‐correlated beta‐binomial model should lead to improvements in projections of stock status and, hence, improvements in fisheries management advice.     

基于物联网的生猪质量安全追溯技术研究与应用

集成现代物联网技术,探索出一套符合东莞市生猪质量安全监控需求的物联网技术应用模式,并展望了农产品追溯的发展趋势。     

Environmental classification of maize-testing sites in the SADC region and its implication for collaborative maize breeding strategies in the subcontinent

When evaluating genotypes, it is efficient and resourceful to identify similar testing sites and group them according to similarity. Grouping sites ensures that breeders choose as many variable sites as possible to capture the effects of genotype-by-environment (GE) interactions. In order to exploit these interactions and increase testing efficiency and variety selection, it is necessary to group similar environments or mega-environments. The present mega-environments in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries are confounded within each country, which limits the exchange of germplasm among them. The objective of this study was to revise and group similar maize-testing sites across the SADC countries that are not confounded within each country. The study was based on 3 years (1999–2001) of regional maize yield trial data and geographical information systems (GIS) parameters from 94 sites. Sequential retrospective (Seqret) pattern analysis methodology was used to stratify testing sites and group them according to their similarity and dissimilarity based on mean grain yield. The methodology used historical data, taking into account imbalances of data caused by changes over locations and years, such as additions and omission of genotypes and locations. Cluster analysis grouped regional trial sites into seven mega-environments, mainly distinguished by GIS parameters related to rainfall, temperature, soil pH, and soil nitrogen with an overall R² = 0.70. This analysis provides a challenge and an opportunity to develop and deploy maize germplasm in the SADC region faster and more effectively.     

Clinical characteristics of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) cases in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Thailand during 2006–2019

BackgroundElephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus causes a hemorrhagic disease (EEHV-HD) that is a major cause of death in juvenile Asian elephants with EEHV1 and EEHV4 being the most prevalent.AimTo perform a retrospective clinical data analysis.MethodsRecords of a total of 103 cases in Thailand confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on blood and/or tissue samples.ResultsThe severity of clinical signs varied among EEHV subtypes. EEHV1A was the most prevalent with 58%, followed by EEHV4 with 34%, EEHV1B with 5.8% and EEHV1&4 co-infection with 1.9%. Overall case fatality rate was 66%. When compared among subtypes, 100% case fatality rate was associated with EEHV1&4 co-infection, 83% with EEHV1B, 75% with EEHV1A, and the lowest at 40% for EEHV4. Calves 2- to 4-year old were in the highest age risk group and exhibited more severe clinical signs with the highest mortality. Majority of cases were found in weaned or trained claves and higher number of cases were observed in rainy season. A gender predilection could not be demonstrated. Severely affected elephants presented with thrombocytopenia, depletion of monocytes, lymphocytes and heterophils, a monocyte:heterophil (M:H) ratio lower than 2.37, hypoproteinemia (both albumin and globulin), severe grade of heterophil toxicity, and low red blood cell counts and pack cell volumes. Survival was not affected by antiviral drug treatment in the severely compromised animals.ConclusionEarly detection by laboratory testing and aggressive application of therapies comprising of supportive and anti-viral treatment can improve survival outcomes of this disease.     

满铁日文期刊回溯建库工作实践

文章介绍了日文期刊回溯数据建库的思路、原则、人员培训以及具体操作方法等,并提出了在实际建库过程中应注意的具体问题。     

Retrospective surveillance of metabolic parameters affecting reproductive performance of Japanese Black breeding cows

This retrospective study was conducted to confirm the relationship between pre- and postpartum metabolic parameters and postpartum reproductive performance and to clarify seasonal characteristics of the metabolic parameters by using our metabolic profile test (MPT) database of Japanese Black breeding herds. In evaluation 1, MPT databases of blood samples from multiparous cows collected prepartum and postpartum were divided into two groups according to calving interval, and each MPT parameter was compared. In evaluation 2, the same MPT databases used in evaluation 1 were divided into two groups according to the sampling period. Significant differences were found in the prepartal total protein and postpartal γ-glutamyltransferase in evaluation 1. In evaluation 2, significant differences were found in the prepartal and postpartal total protein, albumin/globulin ratio, and glucose. Clear seasonal differences in MPT results emphasized the usefulness of the MPT in breeding cattle herds fed home-pasture roughage and suggest that unsatisfactory reproductive performance during hot periods reflects inadequate nutritional content of the diet and possible reduced feed intake due to heat stress.     

Definitive‐intent intensity‐modulated radiation therapy for treatment of canine prostatic carcinoma: A multi‐institutional retrospective study

No standard of care is currently recognized for treatment of canine prostatic carcinoma (PC). This retrospective study assesses outcome following definitive‐intent, intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (RT) in dogs with PC. Medical records review was performed, including 18 patients from four institutions undergoing definitive‐intent intensity‐modulated radiotherapy to treat PC. Diagnosis was incidental in 7/18 (39%) patients. Five dogs (28%) had evidence of metastasis to loco‐regional lymph nodes at diagnosis. Seventeen patients received concurrent non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs; 15/18 (83%) patients received maximally‐tolerated dose (MTD) chemotherapy, with variable drugs and protocols employed. Total prescribed radiation dose ranged from 48 to 54 Gy (median 50 Gy) delivered as daily doses of 2.5‐2.8 Gy. One patient was euthanized prior to completing radiotherapy. Acute toxicity was observed in nine patients; Grade 1‐2 diarrhoea was the most common toxicity observed. Suspected late toxicity (urethral stricture, ureteral stricture and hindlimb oedema) was observed in three patients. Median event‐free survival (EFS) following RT was 220 days, and median overall survival was 563 days. Local progression occurred in seven patients at a median of 241 days. Median overall survival was significantly longer in incidentally diagnosed dogs (581 vs 220 days in symptomatic dogs, P = .042). EFS was significantly longer in patients treated with MTD chemotherapy (241 vs 25 days, P < .001), and significantly shorter in patients presenting with evidence of metastatic disease (109 days) vs those without (388 days, P = .008). These findings suggest that definitive‐intent radiotherapy is a valuable treatment option for local control of canine PC with moderate risk of toxicity.     

Electrochemotherapy in treatment of canine oral non‐tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma. A case series report

Non‐tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (ntSCC) is a common and locally aggressive oral tumour in dogs. The treatments of choice are currently surgery and radiotherapy. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a local ablative anti‐tumour technique using electric pulses to enhance the intracellular diffusion of cytotoxic drugs. The aim was to retrospectively evaluate the outcome of patients with oral ntSCC treated with ECT. Twelve dogs with ntSCC were retrospectively enrolled. ECT was combined with IV bleomycin (15 000 UI/m²) alone in 11 cases and post‐surgery in 1. Parameters considered were: tumour site and size, electroporation parameters, response rate (complete remission [CR], partial remission [PR]), median survival time (MST), recurrence rate (RR), median disease‐free interval (DFI) and treatment toxicity (6‐point scale). Median tumour size was 1.65 cm (range 0.3‐8.0 cm) and the response rate was 90.9% (10/11; 8 CR and 2 PR). Two dogs underwent a second ECT. MST for dogs dead with tumour (n = 2) was 110 days and for dogs dead without tumour (n = 3) was 831 days. Among five surviving dogs, one experienced tumour recurrence and four were in CR. Results from two dogs were analysed separately. Overall RR was 27.3%. DFI and MST for dogs with recurrence were 50 and 115 days, respectively. Treatment toxicity was very low. We noticed that all dogs with tumours smaller than 1‐2 cm achieved CR without recurrence suggesting a favourable prognosis when using ECT. ECT for canine ntSCC could be considered a valid treatment option especially for smaller tumours, but a larger caseload would be needed to confirm this statement.     

肾脏疾病患者1627例肾活检的临床与病理分析

目的了解肾病患者的临床与病理关系。方法用回顾性分析方法,参照WHO（1982年及改良的1995年）肾小球疾病组织学分型修订方案,分析了我院近8a肾活检原发性和继发性的1 627例患者的临床与病理资料。结果本组患者肾活检时平均年龄（30.7±15.1）岁,男女之比1∶1.006。原发性肾小球疾病占74.6%,以青壮年男性多见,成人原发性肾小球疾病的病理诊断由高到低依次为系膜增生性肾小球肾炎（52.7%）、局灶节段肾小球硬化症（15.7%）I、gA肾病（10.6%）;继发性肾小球疾病占22.7%,狼疮性肾炎居于首位（65.0%）;其次为乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾炎（14.4%）;肾病综合征是所有年龄组最为多见的临床类型。结论1627例以原发性肾小球疾病占比例最大,好发于青壮年,男性多见;病理诊断以系膜增生性肾小球肾炎为主,IgA肾病发病率较低;继发性肾小球疾病以狼疮性肾炎居首,女性好发;肾病综合征是最常见的临床类型。