ArcGIS在森林火灾预防预测中的运用

在森林防火资源配置系统研发中,基于GIS(地理信息系统)基础平台建立了管理信息系统,其中GIS的基本理论与技术为本系统的建立提供了有效的技术支撑.ArcGIS实现了协同GIS、三维GIS、时空GIS、一体化GIS云GIS等五大飞跃,ArcGIS运用到森林防火中更加直观和逼真,给森林火灾预防预测工作提供了高效、精确、便利的帮助.     

恒温浴缸加水机制研究

为了确定在没有辅助加热系统浴缸中加热水策略,文章通过对浴缸系统进行热力学分析,建立了浴缸关于时空双因素温度场模型;根据浴缸内部各空间点传热特点,将浴缸注入热水加热过程简化为点热源加热介质问题。利用能量守恒原理,根据傅立叶变换矢量法得出浴缸温度场的分布情况,求得注水点温度最高,边缘温度最低。然后基于浴缸温度场,在忽略人为影响因素条件下建立初级单目标优化模型,确定浴缸水体维持在39~40℃范围内注水流量最小值,结果表明当注水管流量为0.0028m2/s时可以达到预期目的。     

区域水资源可持续利用评价——以乐山市为例

水资源可持续利用评价是制定区域可持续发展战略的依据和基础。基于模糊熵权法,构建了乐山市水资源可持续利用综合评价指标体系。利用熵权法确定各级指标的权重,并结合模糊综合评价模型,从社会、经济、生态合理性3个维度对乐山市的水资源利用情况进行了综合评价。结果表明自2001-2012年间乐山市水资源利用综合合理性呈下降趋势,反映出该区域的水资源可持续性在逐步减弱。分项评价结果中,社会合理性呈下降趋势,经济合理性呈先增后减的趋势,而生态合理性基本保持平稳。基于评价结果,提出了水资源可持续利用的建议,以期为水资源的合理开发,高效管理及利用提供依据。     

1QJ-120型浅松机的研究设计

针对旧式浅松机表土作业中秸秆和土壤侧向位移问题,分析和优化了浅松机的技术参数,设计了一种新型的1QJ-120型浅松机。该机适用于旱作保护性耕作播前作业,能够达到除草、整地和提高地温等目的,也可以用于中耕除草作业。     

内蒙古西部准格尔旗果树微灌效果分析

根据内蒙古西部准格尔旗自然气候特征和当地种植果树的历史与现状，以微灌试点的实测数据分析论证了微灌技术的适应性和开发前景，并以其较大幅度的增产效果和鲜明的生态作用证实当地经济林业存在着巨大的发展潜力，运用经济林地庞大的根系群络根治水土流失，有助于黄河流域重点治理区的水利与水保结合以及退耕还林还草、种植结构的合理调整，对于同类地区经济效益的发挥，具有一定的指导作用。     

Experimental Study of the Cup-Flame Gas-Burning Installation of Swirl Flow

The cup-flame burning installation with swirl-flow of natural gas is a new type device with high performance. It possesses the characteristics of fast speed heating up, homogeneous heating, fuel conservation and novel structure. It can be widely used for forging furnaces, heat treatment hardening furnaces, low fusing point melting furnaces and some other kinds of kilns. This installation is one with promising prospect.     

基于地下水合理埋深的井渠结合灌区水资源联合调控

以泾惠渠灌区为例,针对井渠结合灌区地下水超采及地下水位上升而导致的农田灌溉水环境等问题,从水位调控水量的角度出发,提出了基于地下水位合理埋深的水资源调控模式。在确定不同水文地质单元和不同植被类型条件下地下水位合理埋深上下限的基础上,结合PSO-RBF神经网络对地下水位埋深预测的结果,设计了基本、节水两种水资源联合方案,对不同保证率下的灌区水资源进行了联合调控。结果表明:泾惠渠灌区地下水位合理埋深上限介于1.76~3.50m,下限介于8.7~25.0m,不同水文地质单元、植被类型的水位埋深上下限值差异较大;水资源联合调控时,局部地区出现地下水超采,需加强节水灌溉和多水源的联合调控。     

Variation in vegetative parameters related to the nitrogen economy of wild barley,Hordeum spontaneum,in Israel

Summary Hordeum spontaneum, the wild progenitor of cultivated barley, has previously been examined in various studies as a germplasm resource in breeding for grain protein content and related nutritional traits.The nitrogen content and dry weight of leaf and stem (stem plus sheath) at anthesis, and the final grain size and grain protein content were measured in 33 H. spontaneum and two H. vulgare genotypes. H. spontaneum was generally higher in nitrogen content of leaves and stems, but lower in dry weight at anthesis. Consistent with previous reports, the H. spontaneum genotypes were considerably higher in grain protein than the cultivars. There was wide variation between and within populations of H. spontaneum suggesting that for breeding purposes lines combining high vegetative nitrogen content, dry weight and grain protein content can be selected.Incumbent of the Seagram Chair for Plant Science     

The Importance of the Bolivian Wild Potato Species in Breeding for Globodera pallida Resistance

Screening for resistance to the potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida, in potatoes from. Bolivia, was carried out in 1983 and 1984, using a mixture of four nematode populations representing pathotypes Pa₁, Pa₂ and Pa₃ From the 66 accessions of 17 species and subspecies evaluated, highly resistant genotypes were identified in 21 accessions from seven species. All had Pf/Pi values of 2 or less, whereas the susceptible control, Solanum tuberosum cv. ‘Disiree’ had Pf/Pi values of more than 2G in both tests. Two diploid wild species, S. brevicaule and S. leptophyes, showed the best resistant. The geographical distributional of resistant populations and the evolution of resistance in wild potato populations are discussed.     

Optimal allocation of resources in evaluating current sunflower inbred lines for resistance to Sclerotinia

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a major limiting factor for sunflower (Helianthus annuus) production. This study was conducted to (1) evaluate a large number of current sunflower lines for their reaction to Sclerotinia, and (2) determine the optimum allocation of resources for their selection. A set of 85 inbred lines was screened under artificial leaf infection in three environments. The test revealed ample variation for all resistance traits in the current germplasm. A line selected from NDBLOS, an oilseed sunflower germplasm poo, and its derivatives were most resistant to Sclerotinia. Lines derived from interspecific crosses with the wild species Helianthus tuberosus and Helianthus argophyllus also showed satisfactory Sclerotinia resistance. The evaluation of five plants per plot in two replications and four environments appears to be a reasonable allocation of resources in order to optimize the selection response.