广东省自然保护区生态旅游管理研究初探

自然保护区内开展生态旅游,可提高公众的环保意识,增加保护区的经济收入,但也会对保护区的生态平衡和动植物资源造成一定的负面影响.如何处理好自然保护与旅游开发的关系日益引起人们的关注,笔者对国内外开展生态旅游的自然保护区进行了调查分析,认为在自然保护区内开展生态旅游,必须采取切实有效的管理措施,进行科学规划,完善管理制度和监测体系,以达到不破坏生态环境和旅游资源永续利用的目的.     

敦煌西湖自然保护区湿地生物多样性及保护对策研究

敦煌西湖自然保护区总面积66万hm2,湿地总面积11.35万hm2,其地理位置和生态环境独特,地形地貌复杂,自然环境类型多样,是生物多样性最丰富的地区之一,动植物中有许多保护种和特有种。然而近几年来,由于自然和人类的双重作用,生态环境逐渐退化,生物多样性种类数量锐减,生物多样性保护刻不容缓。只有加强科学管理和生态建设,恢复和重建敦煌西湖保护区生态系统和栖息地环境,才能使其生物多样性得到有效保护。     

白石砬子自然保护区森林植被和主要树种分布的环境解释

应用典范对应分析（CCA）对辽宁东部白石砬子国家级自然保护区56个样地中的森林植被和44种主要树种与8个环境因子间的关系进行了研究。结果表明，海拔高度、样地坡度、土壤有机质、林冠都闭度和土壤酸度是影响白石砬子森林树种和植被分布的主要因素。结合双向指示种分析（TWINSPAN），在CC样地一环境因子双序图上区分出8个样地组，分析了8个样地组的植被成员组成及其分布与环境因子间的关系。     

黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区形目鸟类群落组成研究

对山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区形目鸟类的群落组成研究表明 :自然保护区内共有形目鸟类 7科 2 0属 48种 ,种群数量大 ,群落组成稳定 ,已经形成一种动态平衡     

武汉上涉湖湿地自然保护区生物资源现状及评价

2006年7月～2007年2月对武汉上涉湖湿地自然保护区动植物资源进行了调查,结果表明：保护区有维管束植物581种,其中种子植物556种;植被有5个植被亚型,20个群系．底栖动物29种,鱼类74种,其中省级保护鱼类2种．湿地兽类6目9科23种,其中国家二级保护种类1种,省级保护种类4种;湿地鸟类111种,其中国家重点保护种类一级3种,二级8种,省级保护种类36种;被列入国际贸易公约鸟类15种,被列入中国濒危动物红皮书的鸟类6种,被列入“中日候鸟协定”鸟类47种,被列入“中澳候鸟协定”14种,“三有鸟类”86种．认为上涉湖湿地自然保护区生态系统完整、自然,生物多样性丰富,物种珍稀特有,符合国家重要湿地标准．     

Requirements for marine protected areas to conserve the biodiversity of rocky reef fishes

• 1. This study describes spatial patterns in the biodiversity (species, assemblages) of rocky reef fishes at a spatial scale relevant to management, and compared the outcomes for this biodiversity from alternative procedures for selecting marine protected areas (MPAs) and from the selection of MPAs for fisheries‐related objectives.
• 2. The study area included 104 species in two assemblage types; 36 species and 14 species occurred only in one or two locations respectively.
• 3. MPAs selected by hotspot richness, greedy richness complementarity, and summed irreplaceability included similar percentages of species and significantly more species than randomly selected MPAs. A combined species‐assemblage selection ensured representation of assemblage diversity. Representation of all species and assemblage types required 92% of locations.
• 4. MPAs chosen using density of all fishes or density of exploitable fishes as selection criteria included fewer species (than MPAs selected using species identity) and the percentage of species accumulated did not differ from a random selection.
• 5. Use of an established MPA as the seed for an expanded network was inefficient, leading to additional locations being required and an accumulation of species that did not differ from a random selection.
• 6. The smallest MPA network that fulfilled multiple management objectives (representation of assemblage diversity and majority of species, population viability, support for fisheries, connectivity) required 30% of the surveyed locations.
• 7. This study concluded that: MPAs selected without the benefit of data on intra‐habitat variation in species assemblages will be unrepresentative; the upper range of currently promoted targets for MPA establishment (i.e. 30%) should be regarded as a minimum for biodiversity conservation; MPAs selected for fisheries‐related reasons may not provide expected benefits for the remainder of the fish assemblage.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Competing land use in the reserve site selection problem

The objective of this paper is to present an approach that addresses competing land uses in the reserve site selection problem. This approach is implemented in a spatial optimization model for conservation planning in human-dominated landscapes: MENTOR. This model allocates new sites as stepping stones between existing sites. We illustrated the model by a case with competition for space between wildlife habitat and agriculture as it occurs in the Netherlands. We focused on deciduous forests with the European nuthatch Sitta europaea as an umbrella species for forest birds. Suitability maps for deciduous forests and for agriculture were applied as input for the allocation model.Effects on the landscape pattern, nuthatch populations, bird species richness and dairy farming were described. We can conclude that the application of MENTOR leads to an effective reserve network in De Leijen concerning the suitability of the land for dairy farming. The results show a doubling of the average proportion of occupied habitat, an increase in colonization probability of patches, a decrease in extinction probability of local populations, and an increase in bird species richness per patch. Whereas it results in a relatively small reduction in land currently used by agriculture.     

基于绿色质量的深圳市自然保护地规划体系构想

在生态文明建设和国土空间规划转型的大背景下,中国自然保护地体系也正在摸索中重构。以维护自然生态的系统性和完整性为出发点,以生态安全网络理念为基础框架,采用绿色质量评价研究方法,构建由自然绿地斑块、人工绿地斑块及生态廊道构成的自然保护地规划体系,并结合深圳市自然保护体系规划探讨了具体的规划与评价方法。     

自然保护地生态环境监管研究热点及发展分析

国家公园体制改革背景下,自然保护地生态环境监管进入体系建设的实操阶段。为了加强自然保护地生态环境监管建设,基于中国知网（CNKI）数据库,以中文文献1 485 篇为样本,运用CiteSpace软件进行文献可视化分析,梳理了文献的研究脉络和发展趋势。结果表明,我国自然保护地生态环境监管研究现状呈现出政策导向、领域拓宽、信息化监管的特点,同时监管体制、内容、指标、方法不断创新升级。建议重视趋势导向,构建重点区域监管网络;完善监管体系,明确监管内容;加强技术引进,推动监管方式创新。     

深圳森林生态系统类型自然保护区近20年土地利用与景观格局变化

为探究中国快速城镇化过程中,特大城市城郊自然保护区的建设成效,以深圳市大鹏半岛和 田头山 2 个森林生态系统类型自然保护区为研究对象,通过 Landsat 影像分类和景观格局指数计算,分析 1995-2015 年 2 个自然保护区土地利用与景观格局变化特征。结果表明：两个自然保护区的土地利用类型 均以林地为主,且林地都经历了先减少后增加的过程;近20 a 的土地利用景观格局均呈现景观破碎化指 数和景观分割指数增大,而香农多样性指数降低的趋势。快速城市化进程使自然保护区的景观破碎化程 度不断提高 , 建立自然保护区有利于深圳市森林植被的恢复。