白石砬子自然保护区森林植被和主要树种分布的环境解释

应用典范对应分析（CCA）对辽宁东部白石砬子国家级自然保护区56个样地中的森林植被和44种主要树种与8个环境因子间的关系进行了研究。结果表明，海拔高度、样地坡度、土壤有机质、林冠都闭度和土壤酸度是影响白石砬子森林树种和植被分布的主要因素。结合双向指示种分析（TWINSPAN），在CC样地一环境因子双序图上区分出8个样地组，分析了8个样地组的植被成员组成及其分布与环境因子间的关系。     

黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区形目鸟类群落组成研究

对山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区形目鸟类的群落组成研究表明 :自然保护区内共有形目鸟类 7科 2 0属 48种 ,种群数量大 ,群落组成稳定 ,已经形成一种动态平衡     

Requirements for marine protected areas to conserve the biodiversity of rocky reef fishes

• 1. This study describes spatial patterns in the biodiversity (species, assemblages) of rocky reef fishes at a spatial scale relevant to management, and compared the outcomes for this biodiversity from alternative procedures for selecting marine protected areas (MPAs) and from the selection of MPAs for fisheries‐related objectives.
• 2. The study area included 104 species in two assemblage types; 36 species and 14 species occurred only in one or two locations respectively.
• 3. MPAs selected by hotspot richness, greedy richness complementarity, and summed irreplaceability included similar percentages of species and significantly more species than randomly selected MPAs. A combined species‐assemblage selection ensured representation of assemblage diversity. Representation of all species and assemblage types required 92% of locations.
• 4. MPAs chosen using density of all fishes or density of exploitable fishes as selection criteria included fewer species (than MPAs selected using species identity) and the percentage of species accumulated did not differ from a random selection.
• 5. Use of an established MPA as the seed for an expanded network was inefficient, leading to additional locations being required and an accumulation of species that did not differ from a random selection.
• 6. The smallest MPA network that fulfilled multiple management objectives (representation of assemblage diversity and majority of species, population viability, support for fisheries, connectivity) required 30% of the surveyed locations.
• 7. This study concluded that: MPAs selected without the benefit of data on intra‐habitat variation in species assemblages will be unrepresentative; the upper range of currently promoted targets for MPA establishment (i.e. 30%) should be regarded as a minimum for biodiversity conservation; MPAs selected for fisheries‐related reasons may not provide expected benefits for the remainder of the fish assemblage.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Competing land use in the reserve site selection problem

The objective of this paper is to present an approach that addresses competing land uses in the reserve site selection problem. This approach is implemented in a spatial optimization model for conservation planning in human-dominated landscapes: MENTOR. This model allocates new sites as stepping stones between existing sites. We illustrated the model by a case with competition for space between wildlife habitat and agriculture as it occurs in the Netherlands. We focused on deciduous forests with the European nuthatch Sitta europaea as an umbrella species for forest birds. Suitability maps for deciduous forests and for agriculture were applied as input for the allocation model.Effects on the landscape pattern, nuthatch populations, bird species richness and dairy farming were described. We can conclude that the application of MENTOR leads to an effective reserve network in De Leijen concerning the suitability of the land for dairy farming. The results show a doubling of the average proportion of occupied habitat, an increase in colonization probability of patches, a decrease in extinction probability of local populations, and an increase in bird species richness per patch. Whereas it results in a relatively small reduction in land currently used by agriculture.     

基于绿色质量的深圳市自然保护地规划体系构想

在生态文明建设和国土空间规划转型的大背景下,中国自然保护地体系也正在摸索中重构。以维护自然生态的系统性和完整性为出发点,以生态安全网络理念为基础框架,采用绿色质量评价研究方法,构建由自然绿地斑块、人工绿地斑块及生态廊道构成的自然保护地规划体系,并结合深圳市自然保护体系规划探讨了具体的规划与评价方法。     

自然保护地生态环境监管研究热点及发展分析

国家公园体制改革背景下,自然保护地生态环境监管进入体系建设的实操阶段。为了加强自然保护地生态环境监管建设,基于中国知网（CNKI）数据库,以中文文献1 485 篇为样本,运用CiteSpace软件进行文献可视化分析,梳理了文献的研究脉络和发展趋势。结果表明,我国自然保护地生态环境监管研究现状呈现出政策导向、领域拓宽、信息化监管的特点,同时监管体制、内容、指标、方法不断创新升级。建议重视趋势导向,构建重点区域监管网络;完善监管体系,明确监管内容;加强技术引进,推动监管方式创新。     

深圳森林生态系统类型自然保护区近20年土地利用与景观格局变化

为探究中国快速城镇化过程中,特大城市城郊自然保护区的建设成效,以深圳市大鹏半岛和 田头山 2 个森林生态系统类型自然保护区为研究对象,通过 Landsat 影像分类和景观格局指数计算,分析 1995-2015 年 2 个自然保护区土地利用与景观格局变化特征。结果表明：两个自然保护区的土地利用类型 均以林地为主,且林地都经历了先减少后增加的过程;近20 a 的土地利用景观格局均呈现景观破碎化指 数和景观分割指数增大,而香农多样性指数降低的趋势。快速城市化进程使自然保护区的景观破碎化程 度不断提高 , 建立自然保护区有利于深圳市森林植被的恢复。     

我国自然保护地整合优化规则与路径研究

自然保护地整合优化是我国构建科学合理的自然保护地体系、加强新时代生态文明建设的重要任务。本文为贯彻《关于建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系的指导意见》,进一步明确了我国现阶段自然保护地整合优化的目的、对象、任务、原则等总体要求,提出了体系转换、整合归并、范围调整和区划优化规则,以及预案、确认和实施三步走的实现路径,探讨了整合优化后自然保护地的分类分级分区管理以及治理支撑体系,以期为我国自然保护地整合优化提供技术参考和指导,以推进自然保护地勘界立标、总体规划等基础工作,构建统一规范、管理高效、具有中国特色的自然保护地体系,提升我国自然保护地建设管理水平。     

武夷山自然保护区可持续经营对策

总结了福建武夷山自然保护区生物多样性保护与社区经济协调发展的经验,针对当前发展中存在的问题,从政策、技术方面,提出可持续经营对策。     

湖南黄桑国家级自然保护区植被景观格局探讨

①斑块特征指数分析表明:各景观类型的密度、分维数指数都较小,植被景观的深展指数都不高,扩散比较均匀,没有极端复杂的形状产生,植被景观在演替系列中还没有普遍达到演替的顶级,斑块之间自相似程度较高。②多样性指数分析表明:总体多样性程度高。景观多样性指数、优势度指数与均匀度指数的结果所包含的意义一致,这种一致性充分说明了各植被景观类型分布均匀,各景观类型地位相差较小。③空间构型指数分析表明:保护区的斑块密度为1.001,即1 km2上有1.001个斑块。这说明斑块数目较少。各景观类型分布也较均匀。保护区景观破碎度指数为0.007,这表明该区植被景观在研究期内所表现的生境破碎化程度是很低的。每一植被景观类型破碎度指数最高的是灌丛和灌草丛景观,其次为栲林景观,其余的破碎度都处于较低的水平。内部生境破碎化指数以灌丛和灌草丛景观、栲林景观为最低,它们的单独斑块面积较大,故破碎化指数较低。其它景观类型的破碎化指数相差不大,这与植被顺向演替是相关的。景观分离度指数的排序结果与斑块密度的排序基本一致。