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901.
通过对保健食品、次生代谢物及SPS的概念作了对比分析,阐述了果蔬中SPS的研究价值、意义以及国内外研究进展. 相似文献
902.
Long-term continuous selection is essential for germplasm improvement. However, choice of germplasm for long-term genetic improvement might limit the success of germplasm enhancement programs. The objective of this research was to report the response to long-term selection in early maturing North Dakota (ND) synthetic varieties. We wanted to determine whether the performance of three ND maize synthetic varieties was improved by long-term mass selection (M) and if the performance of one of them was improved by long-term modified ear-to-row (MER) selection. The evaluation of long-term selection response was performed at two plant densities. An experiment in a randomized complete block design with split-plot arrangement was used to evaluate NDSM(M), NDSAB(M), NDSCD(M), and NDSAB(MER) under 75,000 and 42,500 plants per hectare across seven environments. Long-term mass selection for grain yield and stalk lodging resistance in NDSM(M), NDSAB(M), and NDSCD(M) was not successful, since there were no significant changes in grain yield or stalk lodging in these populations at either low or high densities. On the other hand, long-term modified ear-to-row selection was effective for grain yield improvement in NDSAB(MER). Grain yield increased non-linearly from 3.9 Mg ha−1 in cycle 0 to 5.0 Mg ha−1 in cycle 12 at a rate of 2.5% per cycle. Interaction between plant density and genotype was not detected even though selection was performed at relatively low densities (20,000 plants ha−1 for mass selection and 50,000 plants ha−1 for ear-to-row selection). The confirmation of a lack of interaction between plant density and genotype suggests that selection at low plant densities might still be able to provide high-density stress resistance through density-independent genotypes, allowing progeny testing across multiple locations with better accuracy and fewer resources. Selection methods that emphasize both additive and dominance effects such as full-sib recurrent selection are recommended to maximize genetic improvement of advanced population cycles of early maturing synthetics. 相似文献
903.
Summary Common blight disease in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli, reduces crop yield and seed quality. Information is needed on the variation of leaves and pods disease reaction to strains of the bacterium after different inoculation methods. Phaseolus vulgaris cultivars Red Kidney Charlevoix, GN Harris, GN 1140, and GN Emerson were inoculated with three different strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli at two inoculum concentrations (108 and 106 bacterial cells/ml) using water soaking, multiple needle, and razor blade inoculation on leaves, and razor blade scratch, dissecting needle, and razor blade cut inoculation on pods. Differential cultivar disease reactions of leaves, pods, or both to the bacterial strains were observed in some cases. Significant interactions among cultivars, inoculation methods, strains, and inoculum concentrations (leaves) were found. A rapid leaf chlorosis developed 6 to 7 days after inoculation. Strains of bacteria did not show specificity in inducing this reaction, but rapid leaf chlorosis was associated with high inoculum concentration and with the water soaking and multiple needle methods. Another experiment was conducted to count the number of living bacterial cells deposited in the leaf tissue after inoculation by different methods. The number of bacteria deposited by water soaking or multiple needle was higher than that deposited by razor blade.Published as Paper No. 8584, Journal Series, Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station. Research was conducted under Project No. 20–36. 相似文献
904.
905.
906.
植物花粉贮藏技术研究是开花生物学特性研究中的一项重要内容。在此,就植物花粉生活力的影响因素、花粉生活力的测定方法、花粉的贮藏步骤、方法进行了概述,列出了部分植物的花粉在不同条件下所能贮藏的时间和贮藏一定时间后的生活力状况,并指出了今后花粉贮藏的方向。 相似文献
907.
908.
Continuous Plant Regeneration from Established Embryogenic Cell Suspension Cultures of Italian Ryegrass and Tall Fescue 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
The suitability of different protocols was compared for entire plant regeneration by somatic embryogenesis, of the forage plants Lolium multiflorum Lam. (Italian ryegrass) and Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (tall fescue). In the first protocol, miniature embryos were used as starting material, while mature seeds were retained in the other two. Whichever the considered protocol, undifferentiated calli were produced on Murashige and Skoog MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D. The calli were subcultured in the dark on solid MS agar medium, containing 5 mg/1 2,4-D (protocol 2) or on solid MS medium followed by transfer to a rotated liquid MS medium with 2 mg/1 2,4-D (protocol 1). In these conditions, induction of somatic embryogenesis occurred, and whole plants were regenerated during a limited lapse of time, upon transfer in the light, to MS medium supplemented with BAP but devoid of 2,4-D. The simultaneous elimination of 2,4-D and transfer to light appeared essential for full regeneration of the plants. Using this characteristic, an additional step was added to a new protocol (protocol 3) in which microcalli, cultured on liquid MS medium containing 5 mg/1 2,4-D, were transferred to the same medium with 2 mg/1 2,4-D, in the dark. In these conditions, the suspensions kept their embryogenic potential for months. In all cases, plantlets were successfully transferred into the soil. An evaluation of the somaclonal variation potential of the plants issued from each protocol is now underway. 相似文献
909.
Acid soil and associated aluminium toxicity are considered as the number one abiotic factor limiting crop production. Over
2 billion hectares of acid soils exist world-wide, both in tropical and moderate climatic zones. In Poland acid soils represent
up to60% of arable land. At soil pH < 5.0 Al ions become soluble in water and toxic to plants. Genetic improvement of Al tolerance
in crops is the only alternative to soil liming, a traditional but short term and expensive agricultural cure to raise soil
pH. Of the various cereals, barley is the most sensitive to Al toxicity. The known sources of Al tolerance in barley are limited
to old cultivars and landraces. While they represent multiple alleles of a single locus, there is no potential to improve
Al tolerance through recombination of non-allelic additive genes. In the Department of Genetics, Silesian University we have
employed induced mutations for rapid creation of variability for Al tolerance in barley. Thirteen mutants with increased levels
of tolerance to Al toxicity have been selected in M3 generation after mutagenic treatment of four barley varieties with N-methyl-N-nitroso urea (MNH) and sodium azide. Six further
Al tolerant mutants were identified in the collection of semi-dwarf mutants of the Department. All selected mutants confirmed
Al tolerance with the use of three different methods of screening, i.e., root re-growth, root tolerance index and hematoxylin
staining. Fourteen mutants exhibited significant root re-growth after 48 hour incubation with 3 ppm Al+3 and two of them, namely RL819/2 and RL820/6 were tolerant even to 6 ppm Al+3. Crosses of two selected mutants with their respective parent varieties indicated that Al tolerance in each mutant was controlled
by a single recessive gene. Out of three methods tested, the root re-growth method facilitated by hematoxylin staining proved
to be the most reliable technique for large scale testing. Double treatment with MNH or combined treatment with sodium azide
and MNH and 6hinter-incubation germination between treatments were the most successful treatment combinations for induction
of aluminium tolerance in barley.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
910.
不同施肥方法对缓释尿素的肥效及氮素利用率的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以水稻和玉米为供试作物进行盆栽试验和田间试验。结果表明,水稻和玉米的增产效应均表现为;缓释尿素基追施结合处理>普通尿素基追施结合处理>缓释尿素一次性基施处理>普通尿素一次性基施处理。处理间差异达显著或极显著水准。相比之下,一次性基施改为基追施结合的增产幅度要优于尿素缓效化的肥效。两种作物对尿素的氮素利用率范围值分别为54.8%~70.1%(水稻)和53.6%~59.1%(玉米),其规律与上述肥效相吻合,也是各处理增产的内在原因。在水稻和玉米生产中应推荐在施用PK肥基础上,缓释尿素85%作基肥、15%作追肥这一施肥方法。 相似文献