大丽花花朵数量性状遗传变异及相关性分析

对24个大丽花品种的12个数量性状进行变异幅度、重复力及遗传相关性分析。结果表明:各性状品种内除花期受环境影响变异幅度较大外均表现稳定,品种间变异幅度较大,群体遗传多样性丰富;花径重复力较大,主要受遗传因素影响,其它性状不同程度受到环境影响,单朵初花期、单朵盛花期和整株花期受环境影响最大,但无性系内遗传稳定;花期间相关性较高,同时花期与花瓣数、花瓣长宽比均相关,而与花型和瓣型相关性较低,花径则基本是独立遗传。     

叶绿体色素的提取方法改进及其应用

对叶绿体色素的提取和制备方法进行了改进。结果表明:用改进后的方法测定叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的含量,能有效的避免方法误差,具有快速、准确、重现性好的特点。     

猪链球菌2型实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立与应用

试验根据猪链球菌2型荚膜多糖（CPS）抗原设计CPS2J基因特异性引物,建立猪链球菌2型实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。结果显示,该方法的标准曲线为y=-3.073x+36.87,r=0.995,熔解曲线只有单一的特异峰。敏感性试验显示,该方法可以检测出模板最低浓度为1.0×10¹拷贝/μL,是普通PCR的10倍;特异性试验显示,对猪链球菌2型具有良好的特异性,能够区分其他血清型猪链球菌和其他细菌;重复性试验变异系数为0.37%~0.63%,均低于2.5%。临床检测显示该方法的敏感性明显高于常规PCR方法和细菌分离的方法。以上结果表明,本研究建立的方法敏感性高、特异性强、重复性好,有利于对猪链球菌2型的快速检测。     

Repeatability of fin length measurements using digital image analysis and studies of fin erosion as indicator of social interactions in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

The aims of this study were to examine fin erosion caused by social interactions between Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) juveniles, and to evaluate the repeatability of recorded fin length using digital image analysis (DIA). Fin length of 2100 juvenile Atlantic cod was analysed using DIA, during a 6 weeks experiment. The lengths of the three dorsal fins and the caudal fin were measured by three different assessors (M, K, B) three times during the experiment. Repeatability was based on a sub set of data from 42 randomly chosen fish. Assessor M measured the length of the fins of the 42 fish three times (M1, M2, M3). M1 and M2 were done on the same day, while M3 was conducted 2 weeks later. Assessor K measured two times with a 2‐year interval, and assessor B measured the fin length only once. The correlations between replicated measurements within assessor were highest for assessor M measured on the same day indicating an effect of memory. Repeatability of fin length ranged from 0.57 to 0.73 for the four fins. Social interaction with respect to fin erosion was studied using data on the four fins from all 2100 fish. ‘Relative fin length’ (fin length/total body length × 100) was calculated to assess fin erosion. Results indicated that all four fins were eroded due to social interactions, but the caudal fin was most severely eroded. In conclusion, DIA can be used to measured fin length but the method could be improved by using chromatic pictures.     

Cumulative permanent environmental effects for repeated records animal models

The assumption of a single permanent environmental (PE) effect contributing to every record made by an animal is questioned. An alternative model where new PE effects accumulate with each record made by an animal is proposed. An example is used to illustrate the differences between the traditional model and the proposed model.     

内蒙古绒山羊若干性状的表型和遗传参数估计

本文报道了内蒙古白绒山羊产绒量、绒长、体重等性状的表型和遗传参数的初步估测结果。产绒量、绒长、体重的平均值分别为0.342kg、4.35cm、26.62kg。产绒量和绒长的重复力分别为0.88和0.18。产绒量与绒长、产绒量与体重、绒长与体重的表型相关分别为0.27、0.47、0.43。产绒量的遗传力用女母回归法的计算结果为0.39±0.11,用公羊内女母回归法为0.31±0.12。用父系半同胞相关法为0.22±0.17,用单元内半同胞相关法为0.59±0.06。体重的遗传力用公羊内女母回归法的计算结果为0.06±0.09,用单元内半同胞相关法为0.26±0.04。产绒量与体重的遗传相关系数用女母回归法为0.28±0.23(几何均数),0.47±0.17(算术均数);用公羊内女母回归法为0.62±0.42(几何均数),0.04±0.68(算术均数):用单元内半同胞相关法为0.77。     

Genetic relationship of litter traits between farrowing and weaning in Landrace and Large White pigs

We estimated genetic parameters in Landrace and Large White pig populations for litter traits at farrowing (total number born, number born alive, number stillborn, total litter weight at birth (LWB), and mean litter weight at birth) and those at weaning (litter size at weaning (LSW), total litter weight at weaning (LWW), mean litter weight at weaning (MWW), and survival rate from farrowing to weaning). We analyzed 65,579 records at farrowing and 6,306 at weaning for Landrace, and 52,557 and 5,360, respectively, for Large White. Single‐trait and two‐trait repeatability animal models were exploited to estimate heritability and genetic correlation respectively. Heritability estimates of LSW were 0.09 for Landrace and 0.08 for Large White. Genetic correlations of LSW with MWW were –0.43 for Landrace and –0.24 for Large White. Genetic correlations of LSW with LWW and LWB ranged from 0.5 to 0.6. The genetic correlation of MWW with LWW was positive, but that with LWB was negligible. The results indicate that utilizing LWW or LWB could improve LSW efficiently, despite the antagonistic genetic correlation between LSW and MWW.     

Adrenal cortex reactivity in dairy cows differs between lactational stages and between different feeding levels

Changes in ACTH challenge test characteristics in dairy cows changing their physiological status at different lactational stages and different feeding levels were not investigated in terms of repeatability yet. In 23 multiparous Holstein cows (10 cows fed a sole fresh herbage diet without concentrate, 13 cows fed with concentrate), three ACTH challenge tests were performed: once during pregnancy shortly prior to drying off ( T1 ), and in week 3 ( T2 ) and 8 ( T3 ) after parturition. Test characteristics were correlated to performance and metabolic parameters: DMI, BW, energy balance (EB), plasma concentrations of free fatty acids (NEFA) and beta‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Basal plasma cortisol concentrations were higher at T1 compared with T2 and T3 (p < .05). The adrenal cortex sensitivity (expressed as total AUC (AUC_t) of cortisol response after ACTH application) was lowest at T2 compared with T1 and T3 (p < .05). Ranking of the individual animals’ responses was not repeatable between time points of the ACTH tests. Enhancing the energy deficiency during early lactation by omission of concentrate did not affect baseline cortisol concentrations in plasma, but decreased peak height at T2 (p < .05). Baseline plasma cortisol concentrations were positively correlated with cortisol peak values after ACTH application, previous lactation performance, milk yield and BW (p < .05). The AUC_t was positively correlated with baseline cortisol concentrations, EB and DMI. Cortisol release after ACTH injection was lower in animals with high plasma concentrations of NEFA, BHB and with higher contents of fat and free fatty acids in milk (p < .05). Cortisol peak height after ACTH administration was higher in cows with a more positive EB, higher DMI and lower plasma concentrations of NEFA and BHB. In summary, cortisol responses to ACTH challenges in this study were not repeatable in dairy cows changing their physiological status.     

Yield Stability Parameters of Barley under Finnish Conditions

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether it is possible to obtain reliable estimates of yield stability of barley on the basis of single year trials. The stability was analysed by using some of the most common stability parameters. The other objective was to study the influence of variation between locations and years on the yield stability of barley under growing conditions in Finland. Barley breeder's trials of the Agricultural Research Centre of Finland from the years 1987-89 were used as material in this study. In each of these years six trials from different parts of Finland and six genotypes were analysed. Four parameters were used in analysis of yield stability: b _i (Finlay & Wilkinson, 1963), s ² d _i (Eberhart & Russell, 1966), r ² _i (Pinthus, 1973) and environmental variance s ² _i. Each parameter was calculated from single- and multi-year results. The multi-year results were considered as reliable data with which to estimate yield stability. The reliability of the stability parameters was tested by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between single- and multi-year stability values of each parameter. Although the variation between years was highly significant, there was no interaction between genotypes and years. In two experimental years genotype × location interaction was highly significant, and on the basis of this study, the genotype × location interaction seems to be a more important factor than genotype × year interaction in barley breeding for Finnish conditions. However, a series of three years may not be sufficient for indicating genotypes × years interactions. In this study two stability parameters, b _i and s ² _i, gave a reliable estimate of yield stability on the basis of single-year trials.