高黎贡山地区生态环境变迁状况与重建对策

20世纪中叶以前,高黎贡山森林植被茂密,生态良好.如今,大面积的原始森林被砍伐,滑坡、泥石流自然灾害不时发生,生态环境恶化.通过对高黎贡山地区的生态环境恶化的原因进行分析,提出了5个方面的生态环境建设对策:(1)恢复植被;(2)开发替代能源以降低薪材消耗;(3)调整土地利用结构以发展社区经济;(4)发展生态旅游;(5)借助保护区的优势,争取国内外支持援助.     

关于青海省东部农业区退耕还林工程后续产业发展的思考

退耕还林工程实施8年以来,东部农业区的生态环境得到了一定的改善,也使退耕农民得到了实惠,然而特殊的自然地理环境限制和阻碍了退耕还林工程后续产业的发展。根据群众在实践中的有益探索,提出了加快发展退耕还林工程后续产业的几条措施。     

Regeneration of sylvopastoral lands in the Sahel zone under village management conditions

This article reports the results of a study aimed to develop an approach for the rehabilitation of sylvopastoral lands that would be applicable and sustainable under local village-management conditions. Stabilization measures involved protection against exploitation activities during a period of five years, with accompanying low-cost restoration measures (all locally known) including (i) alignments of dead wood along the contour, (ii) spreading (mulching) of dead wood, and (iii) alignments of small stones along the contour. Monitoring demonstrated remarkable and continuing regeneration of the vegetation, with restoration measures clearly accelerating such regeneration. Low-intensity grazing did not appear to be harmful. The study also demonstrated the synergy between the herbaceous and woody plant layers. However, village management of the area was increasingly neglected, and after the five-year period exploitation levels reverted back to normal, so that the results will not be sustained. This was due to neglect of socio–economic issues, including insufficient insight into the norms and values attributed by the villagers to such low potential sylvopastoral lands. Future research should focus on the socio–economic aspects of land rehabilitation, as technical means are widely known, including appropriate low-cost measures based on local practices. Recommendations focus on principles and steps to be undertaken for successful and sustainable land rehabilitation. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Small‐scale reseeding trials in arid rangeland: Effects of rainfall,clearing and grazing on seedling survival

Abstract

Seeds of four indigenous plant species were sown in 1990 in small‐scale field trials in an arid, non‐seasonal rainfall region of the southern Karoo, South Africa. Seeds of a winter annual Tetragonia echinata (Aizoaceae) showed innate dormancy but those of three perennial shrubs Pteronia empetrifolia, P. pollens and Osteospermum sinuatum (all Asteraceae) emerged only after the first substantial autumn rain. In good rangeland, seedling growth and survival was better in clearings than in undisturbed vegetation. In poor, continuously‐grazed rangeland, sheep had more influence on growth and survival of O. sinuatum seedlings than did vegetation clearing. These findings should be tested by means of large‐scale trials replicated in time and space.     

对迪庆州因地制宜实施退耕还林的探讨

分析了迪庆州自然地理和社会经济情况，根据迪庆州的区域、气候特点提出了退耕还林布局、树种选择和造林模式，并对迪庆州退耕还林的成效进行了分析。     

门头沟山区矿产废弃地及公路边坡植被恢复技术适应性研究

对在北京市门头沟区典型矿产废弃地和裸露公路边坡实施的8种植被恢复技术的效果进行了调查与分析,结果表明:对潭柘寺及妙峰山石灰窑废弃地进行的人工景观修复效果最佳,植被覆盖度达85%以上,美景度达优级,居民满意度最高;付家台公路上边坡绿化笼砖裸岩生态修复技术和黄土台无土碎石边坡创新生态修复技术的植被恢复效果也较好,冲蚀量及入渗速率都有明显的改善,但无土碎石边坡植被恢复中,容器苗修复技术存在着植株成活率较低的问题;百花山景区公路沿线采用客土移栽修复技术植被恢复效果显著,但这种技术对土质及坡度都有较高的要求,具有一定的局限性;植生袋及保育棒修复技术虽然植被盖度较高,但所用植株较低、绿期短,且存在建设成本较高的问题;挂网喷播修复技术具有较大的局限性,在坡角大于50°时,由于土壤冲蚀量大,坡面挂不住土层,所以植株无法正常生长,而在坡角小于50°时,一般无需使用这种技术,因为它的建设成本及维护成本较高。     

神农架大九湖生物多样性及湿地恢复技术探讨

大九湖湿地是湖北省境内海拔最高的高山湿地。笔者研究了大九湖的生物多样性,并对其进行了评价,提出了湿地的恢复技术。     

玉溪市退耕还林项目区后续产业开发的思考

玉溪市退耕还林项目区截至2005年底,完成退耕还林3.58万hm2,完成封山育林0.73万hm2,在补助期内户均补助7 549.28元。为了巩固退耕还林成果,防止出现返耕现象,必须开发后续产业。文章分析了后续产业开发的有利和不利条件。提出了后续产业开发的项目思路,并提出了相应的措施。