果树废弃枝条资源化处理研究现状

随着中国果园种植面积的不断扩大,果树废弃枝条数量日渐增长。果树废弃枝条蕴含丰富的矿物质,是宝贵的生物资源,但是,目前不当利用方式造成了资源的浪费。综述了果树枝条利用概况和处理研究现状,归纳果树废弃枝条资源化处理存在的问题,并针对问题提出意见和建议。为今后果树废弃枝条处理的深入探索及推广应用提供参考。     

饲料投喂及清淤对养殖库湾水环境的影响

为探究缩减饲料投喂量及清淤对养殖库湾水环境的影响,在鲢、鳙放养密度均为20 g/m~3的基础上,设置4个处理组库湾,分别为B1(不清淤、饵料投喂减半)、B2(清淤、不投饵)、B3(清淤、饵料投喂减半)和B4(不清淤、饵料投喂正常),实验周期为9个月。结果显示:4个库湾的总氮浓度、总磷浓度、高锰酸盐指数、藻类生物量从低到高分别为B2、B4、B1、B3,B2、B1、B4、B3,B2、B1、B4、B3,B2、B1、B3、B4(P0.05),浮游动物生物量之间无显著性差异(P0.05)。由此可见,B2无论是在营养盐的控制还是在藻类的控制方面均取得了最佳的效果。作为养殖库湾,其主要功能是得到更高的鱼产量。在达到养殖水质要求的情况下,为了得到更高的鱼产量,应合理地利用饵料。因此,对于养殖用水的处理,要根据具体的水质条件,采用合理的修复方式,实现水质改善和养殖生产的双赢。     

乡村振兴背景下新型农业人才培养探讨

论述乡村振兴背景下新型农业人才培养的必要性。分析新时代新型农业人才培养面临的主要问题,表现为新型农业人才不足且农村人才整体水平较低,新型农业人才引进、培养和激励机制建设力度不足。提出新时代新型农业人才培养对策,包括农业高校建立新型农业人才培养体系,健全新型农业人才引进、培养和激励机制,校企联合、产学研结合培养新型农业人才。     

Towards the sustainable intensification of agriculture—a systems approach to policy formulation

The sustainable intensification of agriculture involves providing sufficient food and other ecosystem services without going beyond the limits of the earth’s system. Here a project management approach is suggested to help guide agricultural policy to deliver these objectives. The first step is to agree measurable outcomes, integrating formal policy goals with the often much less formal and much more diverse goals of individual farmers. The second step is to assess current performance. Ideally, this will involve the use of farm-scale metrics that can feed into process models that address social and environmental domains as well as production issues that can be benchmarked and upscaled to landscape and country. Some policy goals can be delivered by supporting ad hoc interventions, while others require the redesign of the farming system. A pipeline of research, knowledge and capacity building is needed to ensure the continuous increase in farm performance. System models can help prioritise policy interventions. Formal optimization of land use is only appropriate if the policy goals are clear, and the constraints understood. In practice, the best approach may depend on the scale of action that is required, and on the amount of resource and infrastructure available to generate, implement and manage policy.     

适应农业产业发展产教融合课堂教学改革研究

本文对适应农业区域产业发展产教融合课堂教学改革进行了一定的研究,希望可以为“产教 结合、校企一体”的发展之路提供一定的参考价值。     

漯河地区小麦冻害发生原因及对策

小麦生长发育受冻害影响,而不良的环境条件严重危害小麦成长。冻害主要是指因温差骤降且时间过长影响小麦成长的情况。漯河地区冬季小麦冻害情况极为严重,而二类、三类麦田屡见不鲜,冬季冻害会造成极为严重的经济损失,只有针对其实际情况进行深入分析,并采取有效举措予以应对,即能够保证漯河地区小麦的稳定产量。     

浅谈新型职业农民培养现状--以河南省睢县为例

本文从什么是新型职业农民,重点阐述睢县新型职业农民培育的现实状况,分析新型职业农 民培育中存在的问题,提出了培育新型职业农民要构建多元化培训模式的方案,理论培训与实际操作 相结合,跟踪考察落实情况并不断改进,将新型农民培养定为农村发展的战略性举措。     

基于农村公共卫生视角的中央与地方事权的划分

在现代社会公平是不可回避的问题,在公共卫生领域同样如此。通过对比相关数据发现政 府对于农村公共卫生投入不足,城乡间的公共卫生服务水平差距明显;其次省际间分化更为严重。对 以上问题,首先,必须建构明确的事权划分原则和细则适度上移共享事权,使得事权与支出责任相匹 配;其次,需通过中央的宏观调控之手加大对农村卫生领域的投入,缩小省际间的公共卫生服务水平 差距。     

广西甘蔗螟虫发生概况和动态变化

广西甘蔗对我国食糖安全起重要作用,而螟虫是影响甘蔗产业最重要害虫。因此,螟虫防治一直是科研工作者重点关注的科学问题,20世纪60年代以来研究者一直对螟虫预测预报、防治方法等进行了深入研究,但是几十年以来还是依赖化学防治为主,长期使用化学药剂,易导致害虫产生抗药性,污染环境破坏生态平衡。对螟虫种类、分布、为害特点等进行简述,重点分析广西甘蔗虫害预测预报、危害情况和防治方法等方面的历史和现状差异,并对现阶段螟虫防治存在的问题和未来发展提出了一些建议,望为广西甘蔗螟虫防治提供参考依据。     

Impact of cash crop cultivation on household income and migration decisions: Evidence from low-income regions in China

This study examines the impact of cash crop cultivation on household income and migration decisions, using survey data collected from low-income regions in China. Given farmers decide themselves whether to cultivate cash crops, an endogenous treatment regression model that accounts for potential selection bias issue is used to analyze the data. The empirical results show that cash crop cultivation exerts a positive and statistically significant impact on household income, but it does not affect household migration decisions significantly. The disaggregated analyses reveal that cash crop cultivation significantly increases farm income but decreases off-farm income.