基于无人机影像的森林信息获取研究进展

随着无人机技术的不断发展,其在林业中的应用越来越广泛。无人机航空摄影作为高分影像的重要获取方式,具有成本低、效率高、时效性强等特点,己逐渐成为森林资源调查与监测的新途径。研究者已不再满足于无人机影像在森林资源分类和空间分析等方面的应用研究,而是开始关注单木树高、胸径、冠幅等具体树木信息的获取以及森林信息量化等方面的研究。文中综述近几年无人机在森林结构参数、生物量、蓄积量、立木材积表、林区规划、树木空间分布以及三维建模等方面的研究进展,并对无人机在森林信息获取中的研究和应用提出建议。     

Remote sensing and forest inventories in Nordic countries – roadmap for the future

The Nordic countries have long traditions in forest inventory and remote sensing (RS). In sample-based national forest inventories (NFIs), utilization of aerial photographs started during the 1960s, satellite images during the 1980s, laser scanning during the 2000s, and photogrammetric point clouds during the 2010s. In forest management inventories (FMI), utilization of aerial photos started during the 1940s and laser scanning during the 2000s. However, so far, RS has mostly been used for map production and research rather than for estimation of regional parameters or inference on their accuracy. In recent years, the RS technology has been developing very fast. At the same time, the needs for information are constantly increasing. New technologies have created possibilities for cost-efficient production of accurate, large area forest data sets, which also will change the way forest inventories are done in the future. In this study, we analyse the state-of-the-art both in the NFIs and FMIs in the Nordic countries. We identify the benefits and drawbacks of different RS materials and data acquisition approaches with different user perspectives. Based on the analysis, we identify the needs for further development and emerging research questions. We also discuss alternatives for ownership of the data and cost-sharing between different actors in the field.     

基于遥感技术的退耕还林监测研究——以甘肃省清水县为例

利用1∶5万地形图的DRG(数字栅格图),采用二次多项式法和双线性内插法;对TM图像进行几何校正处理。以TM432为最佳波段组合。在ERDAS遥感数字图像处理系统支持下,对清水县1997年和2008年两期的归一化差异植被指数(NDVI)进行了统计计算,并获得了其植被指数分布图、植被指数差值图及统计表。结果表明:2008年的植被指数相对1979年有了很大程度的提高,植被指数大于0以上的面积增加了13.4%。全县60%土地的NDVI值都有不同程度的增加。     

MDF铣削过程中切屑流边界及扩散角的视频识别

通过CCD摄像技术,采集中密度纤维板(MDF)铣削过程中切屑流的高清晰图像。利用图像处理的最大类间方差法,确定所采集图像的阈值;利用该阈值对所采集的图像进行分割,得到切屑流的二值图像;基于八连通准则,对该二值图像中切屑流的边界进行搜索检测,求得切屑流边界线像素的位置坐标,确定切屑流边界线的位置;采用最小二乘法直线拟合边界线,确定切屑流的扩散角λ。结果表明:当铣削速度达到60m.s-1后,其扩散角λ存在明显增大趋势。     

银中杨苗木光需求的图像分析法

近年来,在一些国际农林业学术会议上出现了智能林业的概念(Hirafuji et al.,2008a;2008b),智能林业的主体是林业机器人,与人类信息的70%以上来自视觉一样,机器人的主要信息源也是     

Variability and divergence in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pongamia pinnata</Emphasis> for further use in tree improvement

A total of 24 candidate plus trees (CPTs) of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre. were selected to elucidate their variation and diversity based on thirteen quantitative traits (4 pod traits, 6 seed traits of parent trees and 3 progeny traits) at Forest Research Centre, Institute of Forest Productivity — Mandar, Ranchi district during 2005–2007. The results show that, CPT-19 had maximum for seven traits viz, pod length (65.6 mm), 100-pod weight (542.4 g), seed 2D (two dimension) area (351.2 mm²), seed length (27.9 mm), seed breadth (17.4 mm), 100-seed weight (217.9 g) and plant height (164.3 cm). The traits, 100-pod weight and 100-seed weight had a high heritability (98.4%, 96.9%) accompanied with high genetic advance (46.0%, 34.9%). There is a positive significant correlation between 100-pod weight and 100-seed weight traits at both genotypic and phenotypic levels with plant height, collar diameter and volume index at 30 MAS (months after sowing). Volume index expressed a moderate heritability (47.4%) accompanied with high genetic advance (48.4%), indicating that the character is governed by additive gene effects. In divergence study, 24 accessions were grouped into 6 clusters on the basis of non-hierarchical euclidian cluster analysis. The genotypes in cluster IV (CPT-5, CPT-6, CPT-7, CPT-12, CPT-16, CPT-18, CPT-22) and cluster III (CPT-4, CPT-8, CPT-9, CPT-20, CPT-21) were most heterogeneous and can be best used within group hybridization. The wide diversity exists between the cluster V and II, followed by cluster II and I and crosses between CPTs of these clusters may result in substantial segregates. It is revealed that the existence of substantial variation and diversity can be utilized for genetic resource conservation and further tree improvement programmers of the species.     

新疆林业海量影像数据管理系统建设

介绍新疆林业海量影像数据管理系统建设的关键技术和系统功能。系统通过对多源、多时相、多分辨率的影像数据的统一化、标准化的组织和管理,提供在线影像浏览、查询、对比分析和影像下载等功能,实现了海量影像数据的管理与共享。     

数字图像相关技术及其在木材科学研究中的应用

数字图像相关方法(DIC)作为一种先进的光学形变(位移和应变)检测方法, 已逐渐成为木材科学领域中一种重要的测试手段。文中概括了DIC的特点与基本原理; 综述了其在木材科学领域中的应用, 主要包括力学性能检测、木材干燥形变测量及其他木质基材料等的相关性能研究; 最后, 对其在木材科学领域研究中遇到的机遇与挑战进行了展望。     

基于SPOT5遥感影像的样地判读

利用SPOT5卫星遥感资料在沾益县大坡乡进行了森林资源二类调查试点。共布设目视判读样地7711个、野外实测样地290个,其总体抽样精度为87 29%。介绍了工作方法,分析了判读结果和存在问题,提出了今后工作的思路。     

人工神经网络在木材缺陷检测中的应用

采用射线作为检测手段，对木材进行无损检测。在无损检测信号处理和特征构造的基础上。运用特征参数建立了缺陷识别的数学模型，针对无损检测信号的特征，构造了人工神经网络。选用反向传播神经网络模型（BP网络），网络识别所需要的特征参数能够反映木材缺陷的全部特征。