基于NRF24E1无线奶牛体温数据采集系统设计

奶牛体温是衡量奶牛健康状况的重要参数,定时采集奶牛体温对于判断奶牛的健康状况有着重要意义。人们对于数据传输大多采用有线方式,但牛舍环境不便于铺设线缆进行数据传输。为此,本系统利用收发芯片NRF24E1进行设计,实现了奶牛体温数据采集系统与上位机进行无线通信,满足了对奶牛体温数据实时监测的要求,提高了对奶牛体温数据采集的自动性和高效性。通过芯片的选型以及芯片外围电路的改进优化了硬件电路,并且设计了有效的通信协议,防止传输的数据信号产生畸变并具有自动剔除错误信号的能力。该系统对多头奶牛的体温进行了测量,试验表明,本系统具有较高的实用性和可靠性,成本低功耗低,具有良好的应用前景。     

脱水蔬菜粉射频杀菌研究

近年来,低水分活度食品包括果蔬粉等的安全性开始受到人们的广泛关注。虽然微生物在低水分活度食品中无法生长,但是可以存活很长一段时间,且一旦条件适宜将会引发严重的食品安全问题。因此,急需建立适宜的方法对低水分活度食品进行杀菌以提高其安全性。以椰菜粉为原料,用功率为6 kW,频率为27.12 MHz的射频设备进行杀菌,研究其在射频过程中的加热模式和温度分布,发现样品内部和中心的温度明显高于表面温度,这可以通过加热过程中样品的翻转来改善。并研究了射频处理不同阶段椰菜粉的微生物失活及颜色改变情况,结果表明经射频处理5 min后微生物失活显著,且颜色基本不变。射频处理后的冷激（-18℃,48 h）可将微生物从3.0 log CFU/g降低到低于1.0 log CFU/g。射频与冷激相结合是一种很有前景的低水分活度食品杀菌技术,且具有最大限度保持食品原有品质的优点。     

便携式应急移动中继通信系统的野外试验研究

利用改进后的便携式应急移动调频中继通信系统的两种组网方式,采取人员背负、嘹望台架设、车载和机载四种中继台搭载方式,开展了地面和机载应急中继组网通信试验,测试了通信效果和通信距离等综合技术参数,并对通信情况进行了分析,全面检验了该系统在山地林区进行应急移动中继通信组网的能力。     

Impact of reader antenna polarisation, distance, inlay design, conveyor speed, tag location and orientation on the coupling of UHF RFID as applied to modified atmosphere packaged meat

Undetected RFID tags make the potential benefits of RFID unattainable. This study aimed to determine the most significant factors that affect RFID and particularly its application to the traceability of meat. Experimental parameters included five RFID tag inlays, two levels of conveyor speeds, five variations of beef sample and an empty container, 12 tags per test sample, three distances and two types of reader antenna polarisations. Tag detection rates were determined in three replicates per combination of test parameters. A GLM ANOVA was carried out on tag detection rate. In decreasing order of significance in terms of the effect on mean tag detection rate were distance, sample, inlay design, conveyor speed and reader antenna polarisation. Interaction of these factors also proved significant, in decreasing order of importance were reader antenna * inlay, sample type * distance, inlay * distance, sample type * inlay, sample type * reader antenna, distance * speed, sample type * speed and finally sample type * distance * speed. Linearly polarised antenna preformed better overall at detecting tags, with 63% mean detection rate compared with circularly polarised antenna with 57% mean detection rate. Varying the tag inlay resulted in mean detection rates of between 62% and 88%. Ideal transponder location on package was reader antenna polarisation dependent, but generally tags facing reader antennas exhibited better detection rate. Results revealed that the under side of the package was the most un-detectable transponder location, considering the placement of reader antennas on top, left and right sides of the sample. Conveyor speed also proved significant with a variation from 0.5 to 1.0 m/s resulting in an average detection rate ranging from 62% to 57%, respectively. Circularly polarised antennas are believed to perform better in cases of random tag orientation on products. It can be concluded that RFID systems implementation in the meat supply chain requires a holistic approach where distances, polarisations, inlay type, meat composition and conveyor speed need to be considered.     

GPRS无线通讯技术在环境在线监测中的应用

介绍了GPRS无线通讯技术及其数据传输的特点,并对其在环境在线监测中的使用原理、工作模式做了详细阐述,通过与其他通讯方式的比较得出了其自身的优缺点,并对其通过其他应用程序实现功能扩展进行了探讨。     

基于PDA的森林资源数据采集系统的设计与实现

为了实现森林资源数据采集的全程无纸化作业,提高数据采集效率,研究开发了基于个人数字处理助理（PDA）的森林资源数据采集系统。从系统开发平台与开发工具的选择、系统架构与功能、实现的关键技术等方面进行了详细的介绍;重点研究了客户端与服务器之间的无线网络模式下数据传输的交互技术;完成了系统服务器端、客户端的软件开发,并在最后调试运行了整个系统。     

基于温度感知RFID标签的冷链厢体中温度监测

针对温度感知RFID(radio frequency identification)标签应用于冷链物流温度监测中缺乏有效数据验证的问题,该研究通过将42个温度感知RFID标签部署于冷链模拟平台中,划分了7个横截面、3个纵截面和两个层,设置了机械降温-冷链维持-自然回温3个不同阶段,同时在42个监测位点中选择7个位点同步部署了便携式温度记录仪,获取了不同条件下的温度监测数据,并与便携式温度记录仪数据和CFD(computational fluid dynamics)模拟数据进行了比较。7个温度感知RFID标签与便携式温度记录仪同步监测位点的数据表明,两种监测方法温差分布于±0.5℃范围内的数据点最多,占43.6%,温差分布于-1.0~-0.5℃区间的数据占了24.6%,考虑到2种设备自身的温度采集精度,温差在±0.8℃范围内可接的,其比例占71.3%,因此利用温度感知RFID标签进行冷链温度监测是可行的。对42个位点在3个不同阶段的温度监测数据表明,机械降温阶段各位点用时在1 h以内、冷链维持阶段大部分位点表现出温度在在0~4℃之间振荡的特征、自然回温阶段用时约49 h。深入分析机械降温阶段及冷链维持阶段不同截面的温度监测数据,结果表明3种截面均表现为降温初始阶段温度差值不稳定、稳定后具有明显的分布特征且离出风口较近降温较快的特点。以横截面2和横截面6平均温度为例,将温度感知RFID标签数据采集数据与CFD模拟数据进行比较,去除测量精度的干扰,截面2的均方根误差为0.73℃、平均相对误差为13.58%、截面6的均方根误差为0.56℃、平均相对误差为10.94%,具有较好的空间一致性。研究结果可为实现冷链物流中低成本、连续的温度监测奠定基础。     

Listenership of Farmers' Digest Radio Program on Joy FM (96.5), Otukpo,Benue State,Nigeria

The study investigated listenership of the Farmers' Digest radio program on Joy FM (96.5) in Otukpo, Benue State, Nigeria. A questionnaire was used to collect data on listenership of Farmers' Digest, preferred segment, listeners' perception, and factors limiting listenership of the program from 150 respondents. Farmers' Digest enjoyed wide listenership (56.3%) and a favorable perception (74.4%). Discussion (M = 1.79) was the most preferred segment and irregular supply of electricity (M = 1.64) was the most limiting listenership factor. Perception was significantly related to program listenership (r = .484). The program design should be sustained, while identified constraining factors should be mitigated for enhanced listenership.     

基于无线和短信环境安全型猪舍监控技术研究

通过无线和短信结合,实现了对环境安全型猪舍的监控。系统由无线智能传感器、无线或短信通信终端、监控中心和执行节点四部分组成,采用集散控制方法。监控中心是整个系统的核心,对数据进行集中管理、分析和处理,其他部分负责数据采集、传输和执行。     

Review of research methodologies for tigers: Telemetry

Over the past half century, wildlife research has relied on technological advances to gain additional insight into the secretive lives of animals. This revolution started in the 1960s with the development of radio telemetry and continues today with the use of Global Positioning System (GPS)-based research techniques. In the present paper we review the history of radio telemetry from its origins with grizzly bears in Yellowstone to its early applications in tiger research and conservation in Asia. We address the different types of data that are available using radio telemetry as opposed to using other research techniques, such as behavioral observations, camera trapping, DNA analysis and scat analysis. In the late 1990s, the rapid development of GPS collar technology revolutionized wildlife research. This new technology has enabled researchers to dramatically improve their ability to gather data on animal movements and ecology. Despite the ecological and conservation benefits of radio telemetry, there have been few telemetry studies of tigers in the wild, and most have been on the Bengal or Amur subspecies. We close with an assessment of the current tiger conservation efforts using GPS technology and discuss how this new information can help to preserve tigers for future generations.