前工业化时期英国地主投资工业研究

16至18世纪是英国由农业社会向工业社会转型的时期，地主阶级中的一部分人顺应了商品经济发展的要求，为攫取更多利润，他们改变原有土地经营方式，在地产的基础上从事矿业和交通运输业，从而为工业革命创造了必要的物质条件。从这个意义讲，地主是英国早期工业发展的“革新者”、“赞助者”、“投资者”和“开拓者”。     

Tagging effects on three non-native fish species in England (Lepomis gibbosus, Pseudorasbora parva, Sander lucioperca) and of native Salmo trutta

Abstract –  To address the dearth of information on tagging effects and long-term survivorship of tagged fish in native and introduced species, laboratory and field investigations were undertaken on three non-native fish species (pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus ; topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva ; pikeperch Sander lucioperca ) tagged with coded-wire (CW), passive integrated transponder (PIT), radio (RT) telemetry and/or acoustic tags (AT), with survivorship of native brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) examined in the field. Laboratory results revealed high survivorship following tag attachment/insertion and resumption of feeding within 24–48 h of tagging (all mortalities could be attributed to an unrelated outbreak of fungal infection), with retention rates being high in both pumpkinseed and pikeperch but low in topmouth gudgeon (excluded from field studies). In the field, short-term post-operation survival was high in pikeperch, pumpkinseed and brown trout. In pumpkinseed and trout, 100% of RT fish survived a 24–30 day tracking study, with 60% and 80%, respectively, recaptured alive at least 3 months post-tagging. Of PIT tagged pumpkinseed, 44% were recaptured (after 6–18 months), with small-sized, CW-tagged fish (0.38 g weight) captured up to 1 year after tagging. In pikeperch, all AT fish except one (the smallest specimen) survived their full expected tracking period (i.e. tag life) – the single lost specimen survived at least half of its expected tracking period (i.e. 6 month battery life). Overall, the tagging methods used were highly effective in pumpkinseed and pikeperch, showing good retention and survival, but PIT tagging of topmouth gudgeon was plagued by low survivorship and tag rejection.     

新疆天然林资源保护工程智能化监控平台建设研究

基于移动通信、地理信息和视频监控等技术建立天然林资源保护工程智能化监控平台,实现天然林资源的全面监控和管理,加强巡护人员和巡护事件的监控力度。文中介绍了视频监控技术、移动GIS技术和智能移动通信技术等研究中的关键技术。阐述平台总体框架设计以及视频监控管理子系统、天保工程森林智能移动巡护子系统和天然林资源保护巡护管理子系统的主要功能实现。     

细胞分裂素:杨树气孔运动的调节剂

通过在三种杨树无性系，Ｉ－２１４（Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓ×ｅｕｒａｎｅｒｉｃａｎａｃｖ．Ｉ－２１４）（ｌｔａｌｉｃａ）、中东杨（Ｐ．ｂｅｒｏｌｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）（Ｂｅｒｏｌｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）和群众杨（Ｐ．ｐｏｐｕｌａｒｉｓ３５－４４）（Ｐｏｐｕｌａｒｉｓ）一年生盆栽插条苗的木质部导入ＡＢＡ和细胞分裂素，研究了这两类激素在气孔调控中的作用。尽管不同无性系的气孔在对ＡＢＡ的敏感性上存在显著差异，但ＡＢＡ仍可导致气孔的关闭，然而在蒸腾流中的细胞分裂素（与ＡＢＡ共导入或分别导入）可以明显地抑制ＡＢＡ的作用。并且玉米素还能推迟土壤干旱所诱导的气孔关闭，在水分胁迫条件下，内源细胞分裂素浓度下降而同时ＡＢＡ上升．据此提出了复合胁迫信号的概念，即在根冠通讯中，是ＡＢＡ和细胞分裂素共同调控气孔的运动。另外还研究了玉米素、激动素、６－ＢＡ等不同细胞分裂素与ＡＢＡ的相互作用，结果发现６－ＢＡ与玉米素和激动素的作用相反，它不能抑制ＡＢＡ的作用，反而促进其对气孔的关闭     

城市交通可持续发展探讨

面对城市化和城市机动化的双重压力,我国城市交通发展挑战与机遇并存.根据城市交通直接为城市服务的性质和特点,提出了城市交通建设要＂以人为本＂,全面规划,综合治理的指导思想;论述了城市道路建设要强调功能划分并发挥多功能作用,城市交通发展要与能源的合理利用和开发相协调,城市交通治理要注重生态环境的保护,城市交通管理要把安全意识和安全设施摆在首位等可持续发展模式.可供城市交通规划和建设参考.     

射频加热技术在粮食储藏与加工中应用研究进展

粮食的储藏与加工是保障国家粮食安全的重要环节。射频技术凭借具有穿透深度大、加热迅速、整体加热、无化学残留等特点,已广泛应用于粮食产后研究,并在部分领域工业化应用前景广阔。为深入了解射频加热技术在粮食储藏与加工中应用研究进展,本文首先对射频技术展开概述,阐述了射频加热的基本原理,并对目前商业化应用的射频加热系统的类型与特点进行介绍;从粮食与储粮害虫的介电特性、储粮害虫的耐热性和粮食的加热均匀性改善三个方面概述了目前射频在粮食储藏与加工中的基础研究;在此基础上,结合生产中面临的实际问题对该技术在粮食产后杀虫、灭菌、钝酶和干燥等方面的应用进行了总结;最后,就该技术应用于粮食储藏与加工尚存的问题与未来研究方向提出了建议。本文可为射频技术在粮食储藏与加工中的应用研究提供指导作用。     

Movements of Atlantic salmon migrating upstream through a fish-pass complex in Scotland

Abstract  – Movements of adult Atlantic salmon were tracked through a series of four fish passes and an impoundment on the River Conon system, Northern Scotland. Proportions of fish passing individual obstructions ranged from 63 to 100%. The cumulative effect was that only 4 of the 54 tagged fish reached the spawning areas. The fish were delayed for 1–41 days at a pool-and-overfall ladder and 1–52 days at a Borland fish lift. The fish swam through a 10 km long reservoir at 0.21–1.16 km·h⁻¹. A total of 13 fish negotiated a 2.5 km long, 3 m diameter diversion tunnel through a mountain to their home river. High levels of electromyogram (EMG) activity were recorded during ascent of a pool-and-overfall fish ladder, indicating that high energy demanding burst swimming was required.     

小鼠弓形虫病病状及卵巢功能变化

为研究小鼠弓形虫病病状及卵巢功能的变化,将雌性小鼠随机地分为实验组与对照组,每组各30例.实验组雌性小鼠感染弓形虫,观察其临床症状及体温变化.体温升高并出现稽留热.在感染弓形虫后第45、90d的发情间期采血,对照组也在相同的时间采血.采用放射性免疫方法,测定血清中的雌二醇含量,并于两次采血后将两组小鼠剖检.结果4-5d时实验组与对照组小鼠血清雌二醇含量分别为12.29 ±4.39pg/mL与10.56±8.34pg/mL,90d时实验组与对照组小鼠血清雌二醇含量分别为7.76±3.67pg/mL与10.23±4.85pg/mL;实验组90d血清雌二醇水平降低,与实验组45d时及对照组45d时比较,差异均有显著性.弓形虫感染的小鼠主要脏器严重受损,肠淋巴结可见大量的巨噬细胞.脑组织可见慢性炎症改变及弓形虫包囊体,卵巢呈炎性变化.结论：弓形虫感染引起轻度临床症状和严重病理变化,导致小鼠卵巢功能下降.     

基于神经网络预测的无线传感器网络田间射频信号路径损耗

为解决应用无线传感器网络技术监测农田信息时无法快速预测射频信号路径损耗的问题,基于神经网络理论研究了田间路径损耗与其影响因素间的关系。试验中选取915和2 470 MHz 2个载波频率,在冬小麦的不同生长阶段测量射频信号在田间各影响因素作用下的路径损耗,建立和验证基于神经网络的射频信号田间路径损耗预测模型。所建立模型模拟值与实测值的相关系数为0.92,应用建立的神经网络预测田间射频信号路径损耗并与实测值对比,最大预测误差绝对值为4.186 dB,最大预测标准差为2.759 dB,预测准确度为94.2%。所建立的BP网络可以对田间射频信号路径损耗进行预测。