黄腐酸对雾培马铃薯幼苗抗旱性的影响

试验以马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)幼苗为研究对象,采用雾培装置进行不同黄腐酸用量和干旱胁迫处理(分别为CK,不加黄腐酸和PEG; 10％ PEG;0.01％ FA+ 10％ PEG;0.03％ FA+ 10％ PEG;0.05％ FA+ 10％ PEG和0.10％ FA+ 10％ PEG),分析其对马铃薯生长发育及抗性生理的影响。结果表明,在干旱胁迫下,雾培马铃薯幼苗的成活率、叶绿素含量、膜稳定指数、根系活力、匍匐茎数、结薯率和产量呈下降趋势,而丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H₂O₂)、脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及超氧阴离子(O^-₂)产生速率呈上升趋势,过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性先增加后下降,说明雾培马铃薯幼苗在干旱胁迫下生长发育受到显著抑制,正在遭受逆境胁迫。经黄腐酸处理后,幼苗的成活率、匍匐茎数、结薯率和产量则得到了提高,而叶绿素含量、膜稳定指数和根系活力仍呈下降趋势,但较单一干旱胁迫的下降趋势缓慢,而MDA含量、SOD和POD活性及产生速率呈先升高后下降的趋势,脯氨酸、可溶性糖、H₂O₂含量及CAT活性呈上升趋势,其中H₂O₂含量上升趋势较单一干旱胁迫缓慢,说明黄腐酸处理后使干旱胁迫下雾培马铃薯幼苗的生长发育得到了促进,减轻了干旱胁迫对幼苗造成的伤害,提高了植株的整体抗旱性,而这种抗性与黄腐酸浓度呈明显相关性,0.05％ FA对植株的的保护效应最显著,而0.10％ FA则协同PEG加剧了对幼苗的伤害作用。     

气候变化对陇东冬小麦生态影响特征研究

对黄土高原比较有典型代表性的残塬"董志塬"的变暖及冬小麦生态响应特征进行研究,发现"董志塬"近35 a来年平均增温线性趋势达0.0505℃,增温表现出平均气温、最高气温、最低气温同时上升,且冬春季增温速度最快,秋季次之,夏季增温最平缓;增温对冬小麦的生态影响主要体现在全生育期(线性趋势0.91 d/a)、越冬期(线性趋势0.85 d/a)显著缩短,春季发育期普遍提前(返青期以0.57 d/a的线性趋势提前,拔节期以0.42 d/a的线性趋势提前,成熟期以0.48 d/a的线性趋势提前),而春季各发育期间间隔日数并未出现缩短的趋势.认为气候变暖对当地农业生产有利有弊,气候变暖,尤其冬春气温显著升高将导致越冬期土壤水分损耗增大,春旱加剧,不利于春季农业生产;另一方面冬小麦全生育期缩短,成熟期提前,能有效提高复种指数和土地利用率.     

Stem-base disease and fungal colonisation of winter wheat grown in compost inoculated with Fusarium culmorum, F. graminearum and Microdochium nivale

Fungal colonisation of winter wheat cv. Cadenza by Fusarium culmorum, F. graminearum and Microdochium nivale was studied under conditions designed to avoid the splash dispersal of conidia from infested compost, to evaluate the possibility that systemic growth may transfer infection from the stem-base to the head. At decimal growth stages 33, 59, 77–87 and 95 the extent of fungal growth was assessed using a sample of 72 plants, by the recovery of fungal species from the stem-base, from each node and from the ear. Each of the fungi was recovered from stem tissues above soil level in some, apparently symptomless, plants. Symptoms of Fusarium foot rot were seen in an increasing proportion of plants during grain-fill and desiccation. There was an inverse relationship between recovery and the height above stem-base from which the stem tissue was excised. F. culmorum was the most frequently isolated fungus and it was also recovered from the highest position in plants. Only 3% of plants were colonised above the second node and none of the fungal species were recovered from either the fifth node or the ear. This suggests that colonisation and systemic growth from Fusarium infested compost is unlikely to contribute to the development of ear blight symptoms in winter wheat.     

基于ITGTM的中国入境旅游人数增长趋势研究

本文在分析中国入境旅游人数增长趋势研究现状和研究方法不足的基础上,提出入境旅游增长趋势理论模型(inbound tourism groth trend theoretical model简称ITGTM)。将入境旅游增长趋势理论模型应用于中国入境旅游人数增长趋势研究,依据1978~2006年中国入境旅游人数年统计数据,建立了以1978年为起点,正常年份里的中国入境旅游人数增长的具体数学模型。根据数学模型,结合微分学,分析入境旅游人数增长的趋势(包括增长性和波动性),对我国"89风波"、"98洪水和金融危机"、"SARS"与禽流感对我国入境旅游人数的影响进行了评估,对我国2007~2010年的入境旅游人数做出预测,并将我国入境旅游人数增长划分为1978~1984、1985以来两个发展阶段。     

大花蕙兰营养生长期植株生长与辐热积关系的模拟模型研究

根据光照辐射和温度对大花蕙兰生长状况的影响,通过‘明月’和‘梦幻’两个品种在两个温室中的试验,建立了以辐热积为指标的温室大花蕙兰生长指标预测模型,并使用独立的试验数据对模型进行检验。结果表明：模型对于大花蕙兰两个品种‘明月’和‘梦幻’母球、子球、孙球植株最长叶长、假鳞茎直径、展叶数的预测值与实际观测值的决定系数（R2）分别高于0.98、0.98、0.95;回归估计标准误差（RMSE）分别低于2.06 cm、0.85 mm、1.21 片;预测相对误差（RSE）分别低于4.8%、2.8%、8.8%。表明该模型对以上生长指标的预测精度较高,可为温室大花蕙兰生产中的光照和温度的调控提供理论依据。     

发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈幼鱼生长、饲料利用和消化酶活力的影响

为研究发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈生长、饲料效率、表观消化率和消化酶活力的影响,以枯草芽孢杆菌有氧发酵豆粕替代部分鱼粉配置5组等氮、等能的实验饲料。发酵豆粕的添加量为0%(FM组)、10%(FSM10组)、15%(FSM20组)、20%(FSM30组)、25%(FSM40组),分别替代0%、10%、20%、30%、40%的鱼粉。初始体质量(19.83±0.33) g的大口黑鲈,随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,每天饲喂2次(7:00和17:00),养殖75 d。结果显示：各组饲料系数无显著性差异,FSM20和FSM30组的均末重和特定生长率显著高于其他各组;各组蛋白质效率无显著性差异,FSM组的摄食量显著高于FM组,FSM40组的蛋白质沉积率和脂肪沉积率显著低于其他组;各组全鱼粗蛋白无显著性差异,在FSM20组出现最大值;FSM组的全鱼粗脂肪显著低于FM组;各组之间的蛋白质消化率和脂肪消化率无显著性差异,FSM30和FSM40的干物质表观消化率显著低于其他组;低于15%(FSM20组)替代,FSM组与FM组的蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力无显著差异。     

植物生长调节剂对梨试管苗培育及移栽的影响

BAP、IBA和GA_3对梨砧木BP10030茎尖外殖体的成活率没有明显影响,但0.1mg·1~(-1)GA_3明显促进外殖体的初期生长。外殖体建立阶段以1mg·1~(-1)BAP+0.1mg·1~(-1)IBA+0.1mg·1~(-1)GA_3的处理为宜。BAP与IBA明显影响茎的增殖。茎数量随BAP浓度(1—4mg·1~(-1))的增加而增加,但茎长度明显下降。在BAP存在条件下,增加0.1mg·1~(-1)IBA对茎数量没有明显影响,但显著促进茎增长。高浓度的BAP(4rug·1~(-1))明显导致玻璃苗产生,增施0.1mg·1~(-1)IBA在一定程度上可抑制玻璃苗形成。茎增殖阶段BAP浓度明显影响试管苗生根,其生根率、平均根数与限长度随BAP浓度的增加(1—4rug·1~(-1))而降低。2mg·1~(-1)BAP+0.1mg·1~(-1)IBA为茎增殖阶段的最适浓度。生根阶段2mg·1~(-1)IBA显著提高生根率、根数与根长度,同时也有利于试管苗移栽,促进试管苗初期生长。     

Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on the expression of connective tissue growth factor in the initiating stage of fibrosis in lungs of rats

AIM: To study the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) on the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in the initiating stage of pulmonary fibrosis of rats after administration of bleomycin (BLM).METHODS: The expression of CTGF in lungs was detected by Western blotting. The content of hydroxyproline was assayed by the method of chloramines T. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma was investigated by colorimetry.RESULTS: On day 14 after administration of BLM, the contents of CTGF in lungs and MDA in plasma in BLM+NS group were higher than those in NS group, respectively (P<0.05; P<0.01). On day 30 after BLM, the contents of hydroxyproline in lungs and MDA in plasma in BLM+NS group were higher than those in NS group, respectively (both P<0.01). Treatment with GbE ameliorated the above changes induced by BLM. CONCLUSION: GbE ameliorates the up-regulation of CTGF in the initial stage of fibrosis in lungs of rats after administration of BLM. GbE prevents the hyperoxidative injury in lungs of rats after BLM, which might be one of mechanisms underling the effect of GbE on CTGF.     

香菇纤维素酶和半纤维素酶的热效应

本文测定了温度对香菇胞外纤维素酶和半纤维素酶活性的影响。木屑基质培养90天的香菇胞外游纸纤维素酶（C_1酶）、羧甲基纤维素酶（C_X酶）和半纤维素酶（H_C酶）的最适作用温度分别是55℃、55～60℃和50℃。在50～55℃条件下保温1小时后,C_1酶和H_C酶活性大幅度下降,而C_x酶活性下降较为缓慢,具有较高的热稳定性。本文提出相对活力系数（Relative activity coefficient,RAC）作为表示香菇菌丝生长温度与酶最适作用温度之间关系的一个参数。     

Characterization of Competitive Mycelial Growth in Pleurotus eryngii

Competitive mycelial growth(CMG)between Pleurotus eryngii isolates is genetically controlled,and stable CMG responses(positive,neutral or negative)were recorded among the strains tested.Correlations between CMG responses and mycelial growth rate were observed.CMG simultaneously reflects information relating to somatic incompatibility and mycelia growth rate in edible mushrooms,and can be readily and reliably applied to studies on genetic polymorphism among this group of fungi.