利用16S rDNA结合gyrA和gyrB基因对生防芽孢杆菌R31的快速鉴定

克隆16S rDNA、DNA促旋酶A亚基编码基因gyrA和B亚基编码基因gyrB对分离自石斛兰（Dendrobiumsp.）叶片的广谱抗真菌生防芽孢杆菌R31进行鉴定。首先通过生理生化测定和克隆16S rDNA序列,分析显示其属于芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）,但不能准确鉴定到种;然后分别利用克隆的gyrA基因和gyrB基因以及其BLAST分析结果构建系统发育树,最终将该菌株确定为枯草芽孢杆菌（B.subtilis）。结果显示利用16S rDNA与gyrA基因组合可以快速鉴定枯草芽孢杆菌,利用16S rDNA与gyrB基因组合可以快速鉴定枯草芽孢杆菌及其近缘种。     

45S rDNA在4种百合属植物染色体上的物理定位

 利用荧光原位杂交的技术将45S rDNA在麝香百合(Lilium longiflorum),柠檬色百合(L. leichtlinii), 天香百合(L. auratum)和豹纹百合(L. pardalinum)的染色体上进行了定位。结果表明：45S rDNA在这4种植物中都分布于染色体的着丝点附近,但其位点数量、所在的染色体和信号的强弱有很大的变化。其中,麝香百合和豹纹百合中各有3对染色体在着丝点附近有45S rDNA的信号,柠檬色百合和天香百合中各有4对染色体在着丝点附近有45S rDNA的信号。但是天香百合的两对中部染色体的着丝点附近都有45S rDNA的信号,柠檬色百合的两对中部染色体中只有一条有45S rDNA的信号,而麝香百合和豹纹百合中没有任何一条有45S rDNA的信号。由于这4种百合在百合属中分别属于不同组,其45S rDNA的位点数量、所在染色体和信号强弱的变化为这种分组的合理性提供了一些分子生物学的证据。     

1株脱毛蛋白酶生产菌株的选育和鉴定

[目的]筛选鉴定脱毛蛋白酶生产菌株。[方法]通过菌株分离、筛选与鉴定试验筛选并鉴定出了1株脱毛蛋白酶生产菌株,命名为Bacillus cereus SZ-4。[结果]经初筛得到11株脱毛蛋白酶生产菌株,经复筛得到菌株SZ-4。SEM观察结果表明,蜡状芽孢杆菌1.230与待鉴定菌株的细胞形态非常相似。菌株SZ-4的菌体细胞革兰氏染色呈阳性;荚膜染色呈阴性;芽孢呈椭圆形,中生或次端生。生理试验结果表明,葡萄糖、L-鼠李糖、肌醇、甘露醇及蔗糖均可用作菌株SZ-4的碳源;以葡萄糖为碳源时,菌株的生长状况最佳。该菌株是1株嗜盐菌。DNA序列分析表明,蜡状芽孢杆菌和苏云金芽孢杆菌同处于一个最小的分支,与已知菌株Bacillus cereus strain CCM2010的遗传距离最近,同源性达到99.8%。确定该菌株为蜡状芽孢杆菌,将其命名为Bacillus cereus SZ-4。[结论]该试验从盐腌原料皮中分离得到1株脱毛蛋白酶生产菌株SZ-4。     

细菌16SrDNA基因芯片的构建及应用

本试验为建立能检测兽医临床重要病原菌的基因芯片方法,采用通用引物扩增菌株16S rDNA V1-V3区,制备16SrDNA PCR产物基因芯片,对5种兽医临床微生物进行检测.结果显示,制备的基因芯片能特异性地检测金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌和鸡毒支原体,以及这3种菌株混合样品,但对大肠杆菌及沙门菌检测结果不理想.基因芯片检测灵敏度为3μg/L.     

大白菜延伸DNA纤维的制备和检测(英文)

[目的]制备和检测大白菜延伸DNA纤维。[方法]以大白菜幼叶为材料,采用刀切分离细胞核、SDS释放DNA、盖玻片滑动牵拉DNA的方法,首次获得大白菜DNA延伸纤维。[结果]以基因组DNA和25SrDNA为探针进行原位杂交检测,该DNA纤维长度大约为1.93Mb,25SrDNA在大白菜基因组中的拷贝数在258-687之间。该方法获得的DNA延伸纤维平行、清晰、适合FISH分析。[结论]该研究将会促进大白菜基因图谱的构建和组织分析。     

乳粉中发酵乳杆菌CECT5716微生物检测方法的建立

近年来乳粉中添加益生菌逐渐成为研究热点之一,为保证产品质量和安全,建立乳粉中发酵乳杆菌CECT5716的微生物检测方法。结果表明：在以缓冲蛋白胨水为稀释液进行10 倍系列稀释后,采用MRS平板涂布法,（36±1） ℃厌氧培养（48±2） h后,乳粉中发酵乳杆菌可准确计数,且能与乳粉中添加的双歧杆菌属细菌明显区分;该方法较GB 4789.35—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 乳酸菌检验》方法更适合发酵乳杆菌计数,具有区分度高、培养时间短、操作简单、重复性好、准确性高的优点;该方法增加了菌株16S rDNA序列测定,以进一步对发酵乳杆菌进行分子鉴定;通过对20 份自制样品进行检测评价,表明所建立的方法与国标方法的准确性无显著性差异（P=0.127）。     

7种鸭源细菌的分离与16S rDNA测序鉴定

从病死鸭的脏器中无菌分离细菌.根据培养特性、菌落形态、革兰染色和生化特性,鉴定出7种细菌分离株.以分离株的基因组DNA为模板,用16S rDNA试剂盒扩增其DNA片段,测序后NCBI网站进行BLAST搜索比对,鉴定出细菌种类,分别为鼠伤寒沙门菌、大肠杆菌、鸭疫里默氏杆菌、铜绿假单胞杆菌、施氏假单胞菌、浅绿气球菌和麦氏棒杆菌.前3种为鸭的常见分离菌,其余的较为少见.因此在鸭病控制过程中应注意可能存在一些不常见细菌的混合感染.     

Reassessment of rust fungi on weeping willows in the Americas and description of Melampsora ferrinii sp. nov.

Rust fungi in the genus Melampsora usually cause disease on hosts in the Salicaceae. Identification of Melampsora species is often complicated due to few differences in spore morphology and little publicly available comparative sequence data. Weeping willow trees (primarily Salix babylonica and its hybrids) have been reported to be infected by 11 Melampsora species; however, most of these records are based on morphological characterization. New collections of rust fungi on weeping willows from the central USA were analysed using a combination of morphology, ITS and LSU rDNA sequencing, and host data to determine that they represent an undescribed rust fungus, Melampsora ferrinii sp. nov. Additional studies of herbarium material revealed that M. ferrinii has occasionally been collected but identified as M. epitea. In addition to North America, M. ferrinii is also present in South America and has been infecting weeping willows there since at least the 1990s.     

6株解有机磷细菌的分离鉴定

从合肥市王小郢污水处理厂的污泥中筛选出6株能降解有机磷的细菌,对这6株茵株进行形态、生理生化性状测定,初步鉴定得出SI菌株为微杆菌属(Microbacterium),S2菌株为葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus),S3(QY081102)菌株为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),S4菌株为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter),S5菌株为黄色单胞菌属(Flavimonas),S6菌株为纤维单胞菌(Cellulomonas).对它们的解磷能力进行测定和比较,S3菌株的解磷能力最强,其D/d值为4.5,对卵磷脂的降解率为66%,进而对S3菌株进行了16S rDNA序列分析,确定其为产碱假单胞茵(Pseudomonas alcaligenes).     

Vineyard soil bacterial diversity and composition revealed by 16S rRNA genes: Differentiation by geographic features

Here, we examine soil-borne microbial biogeography as a function of the features that define an American Viticultural Area (AVA), a geographically delimited American wine grape-growing region, defined for its distinguishing features of climate, geology, soils, physical features (topography and water), and elevation. In doing so, we lay a foundation upon which to link the terroir of wine back to the soil-borne microbial communities. The objective of this study is to elucidate the hierarchy of drivers of soil bacterial community structure in wine grape vineyards in Napa Valley, California. We measured differences in the soil bacterial and archaeal community composition and diversity by sequencing the fourth variable region of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (16S V4 rDNA). Soil bacterial communities were structured with respect to soil properties and AVA, demonstrating the complexity of soil microbial biogeography at the landscape scale and within the single land-use type. Location and edaphic variables that distinguish AVAs were the strongest explanatory factors for soil microbial community structure. Notably, the relationship with TC and TN of the <53 μm and 53–250 μm soil fractions offers support for the role of bacterial community structure rather than individual taxa on fine soil organic matter content. We reason that AVA, climate, and topography each affect soil microbial communities through their suite of impacts on soil properties. The identification of distinctive soil microbial communities associated with a given AVA lends support to the idea that soil microbial communities form a key in linking wine terroir back to the biotic components of the soil environment, suggesting that the relationship between soil microbial communities and wine terroir should be examined further.