早熟、优质、耐贮梨新品种新梨7号选育研究

以库尔勒香梨为母本,早酥梨为父本,有性杂交选育成新梨７号品种。该品种同时兼备优质、早熟与耐贮藏性;该品种遗传了父本的早熟性,比父本更早熟１５~２０ｄ,盛花期~果实可食期约８０~９５ｄ,属于早熟品种;且遗传了母本品质性状的质地酥脆、耐贮、清香、阳面红晕,比母本果个大,果心小。果柄木质化,丰产抗风。新梨７号果实贮藏期的可溶性固形物、果实重量、果实硬度和果实前期腐烂率的变化与库尔勒香梨基本相似,但耐热能力高于母本。凡适宜香梨、早酥、苹果梨和巴梨种植的地区,都适宜该品种的种植。     

不同营养液对辣椒柠条基质栽培产量和品质的影响

以宁夏沙漠治理的优良豆科植物—柠条(Caragana korshinskii Kom)作为栽培基质,研究了供应不同营养液对辣椒生物学性状、产量及品质的影响。结果表明:以果蔬营养液处理的辣椒不仅在生长势和产量都优于其它营养液,株高较CK高15.33 cm,茎粗增加2.63 mm,产量高14.88%,且差异达显著或极显著,而且与对照相比,提高了辣椒VC、可溶性糖含量及糖酸比。     

Diversity and abundance of springtails (Hexapoda: Collembola) in soil under 90-year potato monoculture in relation to crop rotation

The monoculture cropping system causes significant changes within the soil ecosystem, which constitutes a habitat for soil-dwelling springtails. Focusing on the response of soil fauna to 90 years of potato cultivation in monoculture the study investigates the abundance and diversity of soil-dwelling springtails, considering changes in the soil environment in relation to five-crop rotation. Another point was the soil quality evaluation using Collembola as bioindicators (QBS-c index). A long-term monoculture experiment was established in Poland in 1923 and has continued uninterruptedly to the present time. Soil samples were taken over a period of three years (2011–2013) to determine collembolan abundance and composition, as well as physical and chemical soil properties.

The study demonstrated that there were greater numbers of Collembola in the long-term monoculture of potatoes, especially before planting time, compared to numbers in a five-field crop rotation. At the same time apparently greater species diversity was found in potato culture within crop rotation. The biological indicator of soil quality based on the occurrence of springtails (QBS-c) has proved useful in assessing changes in soil caused by agrotechnical activities. This index indicated better biological soil quality in the five-field rotation system compared to monoculture.     

开发区区域大气和水环境容量的计算及管理

介绍了开发区大气、水环境容量计算及管理方法，并以湖南城陵矶经济技术开发区为例，初步了方法的具体应用和有关细节处理，所介绍的方法将对其他类似开发区大气、水环境容量的计算及管理起到一定的借鉴和指导作用。     

鸡粪对芸豆土壤有机碳氧化稳定性与碳库管理指数的影响

为探讨鸡粪与化肥不同比例配施对芸豆/玉米轮作土壤有机碳氧化稳定性及碳库管理指数的影响,通过2009—2014年大田试验,研究了N100(尿素提供100%的氮)、M10N90(鸡粪和尿素分别提供10%和90%的氮)、M30N70(鸡粪和尿素分别提供30%和70%的氮)和M50N50(鸡粪和尿素各提供50%的氮)等不同施肥处理对芸豆/玉米轮作土壤有机碳(TOC)、微生物量碳(MBC)、易氧化碳(ROC)含量及有机碳氧化稳定性与碳库管理指数(CPMI)的影响。结果表明,M_(10)N_(90)、M30N70和M50N50处理的TOC含量分别比N100处理提高5.21%、12.74%和19.87%;M_(30)N_(70)处理的MBC、ROC含量和CPMI均最高,并显著高于其他处理,其中ROC含量分别较N100、M10N90和M50N50处理提高54.03%、16.50%和10.43%,CPMI分别提高75.10、30.75和27.94;但M30N70处理的有机碳氧化稳定系数显著低于其他处理,并较N100处理下降35.95%。此外,该处理能显著提高芸豆产量,明显改善品质,且影响效果明显优于其他处理。相关性分析表明,芸豆产量、维生素C含量与MBC、ROC、有机碳氧化稳定系数和CPMI之间有极显著或显著的相关性,各指标间具有紧密的内在联系。综合分析认为,在芸豆/玉米轮作种植中配施鸡粪措施有利于提高土壤质量,增强土壤供肥性能,并促进芸豆的高产优质生长,其中鸡粪氮与尿素氮以3∶7比例搭配的作用效果最佳。     

Relevance of age at slaughter on meat quality of turkeys stunned with CO2

1. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of slaughter age and stunning method on the quality of turkey meat from poultry processing plants.

2. One hundred B.U.T. Premium turkeys were divided into 4 groups of 25 animals according to slaughter age (15 or 17 weeks) and CO₂ stunning procedure (G1 stepwise: step1: 30% CO₂, 15 s; step 2: 55% CO₂, 40 s; step 3: 70% CO₂, 45 s; G2: progressive increase of the CO₂ concentration at a rate of 0.8% per s for 100 s). The quality of the breast meat was determined in fillets taken at different post-mortem times.

3. There were differences between the stunning groups for several variables (pH: 6.01 ± 0.01 and 5.95 ± 0.02; a*: ?1.84 ± 0.05 and ?2.21 ± 0.04; b*: 4.99 ± 0.15 and 4.68 ± 0.16; drip loss: 0.85 ± 0.02 and 0.71 ± 0.02 for G1 and G2, respectively), while no significant differences were found for L*, cooking loss and texture analysed with a Warner Bratzler Shear Force cell (WBSF).

4. Slaughter age had a significant effect on all the parameters studied (pH: 6.01 ± 0.01 and 5.95 ± 0.01; a*: ?2.21 ± 0.05 and ?1.88 ± 0.05, b*: 5.50 ± 0.17 and 4.42 ± 0.15; drip loss: 0.71 ± 0.02 and 0.86 ± 0.02, cooking loss: 12.56 ± 0.22 and 14.69 ± 0.16 for turkeys slaughtered at 15 and 17 w, respectively) except on L* and WBSF.

5. The ageing of the meat affected pH, colour values, drip loss and WBSF, with differing degrees of evolution: mean values of L* (39.36 ± 0.35. 45.77 ± 0.20 and 46.30 ± 0.24, for 20 min, 24 h and 7 d post mortem, respectively) and drip loss (0.75 ± 0.03 and 0.84 ± 0.02 for 24 h and 7 d post mortem, respectively) increased, those of a* (?1.77 ± 0.08, ?1.94 ± 0.07 and ?2.22 ± 0.05 for 20 min, 24 h and 7 d post mortem, respectively) and WBSF decreased (3.73 ± 0.06 and 2.63 ± 0.04 for 24 h and 7 d post mortem, respectively), those of pH decreased in the first 24 h and remained stable for the next 6 d (6.19 ± 0.02, 5.87 ± 0.01 and 5.88 ± 0.01), and those of b* increased in the first 24 h post-mortem and remained stable for the next 6 d (3.26 ± 0.31, 5.86 ± 0.16 and 5.47 ± 0.08).

6. The results revealed no critical differences between stunning methods, and suggest that animals slaughtered at 15 weeks present higher quality meat than those slaughtered at 17 weeks.     

茶叶贮藏过程中品质变化及其影响因素研究进展

本文介绍了茶叶贮藏过程中,温度、湿度、光照和氧气等外界环境因素对其品质的影响,以及贮藏中茶叶品质成分,如含水量、氨基酸、茶多酚、叶绿素和维生素等的变化;并对目前生产与研究提出了初步想法。     

有机物料输入对干润砂质新成土可溶性有机碳、氮的影响

对采集于干润砂质新成土不同土层土壤分别添加高C/N(黑麦草)和低C/N(苜蓿)有机物料后进行了室内培养试验。结果表明,各土层土壤添加有机物料后,均存在不同程度的矿质氮微生物净固定现象,且氮固定时间及程度与有机物料的C/N和土壤层次密切相关,添加高C/N黑麦草的深层低肥力土壤氮固定现象最明显。添加有机物料后,培养期间可溶性有机碳(DOC)累积量前期较高,中期先减后增,后期趋于稳定,不同土层土壤DOC的变化有所不同。0～20、20～40cm可溶性有机氮(DON)累积同时受矿质氮固定影响,低C/N苜蓿残体加入土壤后,在短暂氮素固定后,后期DON累积量明显提高;而加入高C/N黑麦草残体后,在较长时间内DON累积量无明显增加。添加有机物料导致培养前期土壤DOC/DON上升,随后降低。以上研究结果表明,如果从增加干润砂质新成土土壤有机质角度考虑,应该种植高C/N比的植物。因此,研究有利于进一步深入理解土壤溶液速效C、N养分的来源及其转化,对该地区土壤质量的调控具有一定参考价值。     

明清以来闽台茶产业发展史研究进展

福建历来为产茶大省,明清以来其茶产业发展对台湾有重要影响。闽台茶产业的互动模式和发展路径,在世界茶产业界举足轻重,对其学术价值则尚待挖掘。明清以来闽台茶业演进过程中,产生了一批著名茶商,其经营思想和业绩,对当前我国茶业发展仍具借鉴意义。该文对台湾和大陆关于明清以来闽台茶业发展史的文献进行了较系统和全面的梳理和综述,以此为基础,从以茶为缘、以商为本、以技为重、以史为鉴四个方面,提出进一步深化和拓展该领域研究的建议。     

服务型供应链收益共享契约研究

以供应链博弈理论为背景,研究上游企业向下游企业提供知识型产品的二级供应链协调问题,上游企业是斯塔博格博弈的领导者,下游企业是跟从者。上游企业需要在一系列的收费和成本分担的方式中选择一种使供应链系统高效运作的方式。通过研究发现:上游企业对下游企业生产的产品收取一定费用并对下游企业未售库存给予一定补贴能够使供应链协调并使自己的利润最大化。