绵羊和山羊基于两种标记的遗传分化初步研究

对湖羊、同羊及长江三角洲白山羊的随机样本分别进行14个结构基因座和7个微卫星标记的遗传检测,比较由2种遗传标记获得的群体基因平均杂合度、多态信息含量及群体有效等位基因数,分别根椐2种类型的基因频率资料,计算3个群体间的标准遗传距离并加以比较.结果表明由微卫星等位基因频率获得的群体基因平均杂合度、多态信息含量及有效等位基因数显著大于由结构基因座获得的,由结构基因座资料计算的3个群体间标准遗传距离为0.026 8～0.248 7,微卫星标记资料计算的3个群体间标准遗传距离为0.232 1～1.231 3,绵山羊群体间显著大于绵羊间.结构基因座和微卫星标记一致揭示了3群体内的遗传变异程度由大到小依次为同羊、湖羊、长江三角洲白山羊;微卫星标记较结构基因座标记更能表达近缘种间进化趋异水平;可将FCB11、MAF33、AE101、FCB128及FCB304位点作为研究绵山羊近缘种间遗传分化的标志性位点.     

Biomass distribution in 40-year-old trees of Japanese black pine

Measurements were carried out to survey the quantity of above- and below-ground biomass and its distribution of five Japanese black pines (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) growing on a sandy soil. The roots, divided into diameter groups, were surveyed using two methods—soil coring and excavation. Average dry weight of total biomass of the trees was 176,185 g. Roots represented 13.2%, below-ground stump 6.5%, stem 70.4% and branches with needles 9.9% of total biomass. Roots made up about two thirds and stump one third of below-ground biomass. Total length of below-ground biomass (except roots with diameter < 0.1 cm) was 479.1 m/tree. Roots with diameter of 0.1–0.2 cm represented only 0.7% of below-ground biomass, however as much as 49.9% of their total length. Roots with diameter over 10.0 cm constituted as much as 21.6% of below-ground biomass, however were only 0.3% of its total length. Root systems had well developed tap roots to maximal depth of 231 cm. The results indicated that mass and length of roots with diameter 0.5–2.0 cm had a close correlation with branch mass. Mass and length of roots with diameter 2.0–10.0 cm closely correlated to stem mass. Stem mass, root mass and root length closely correlated to DBH. A rather low correlation was found between DBH and mass of branches and below-ground stump. DBH was a suitable variable for predicting total biomass.     

Provenance and progeny results for the tropical white pine, Pinus chiapensis, at five and eight years of age

Eleven provenances and 132 open-pollinated families of Pinus chiapensis were established at six locations in Brazil, Colombia, and South Africa and assessed for height, volume, and forking percent at five and eight years of age. Provenance × site and family × site interactions were examined in a subset of three trials with 38 open-pollinated families in common. Average volume production of P. chiapensis in Colombia and South Africa was 25 m³/ha/yr and 12 m³/ha/yr, respectively, at eight years of age. Provenance and family differences for height and volume were significant at the individual test sites at eight years of age. The La Trinidad (Chiapas) source was the most productive. Forking percent ranged from 3% in South Africa to 38% in San Jose, Colombia at eight years. Provenance × site interactions were significant for forking but not for height and volume. Family × site interactions were significant for height and volume but not for forking. Forty-six percent of the interaction variance between height and location was contributed by only six families. Height/diameter ratios for P. chiapensis were 0.29 and 0.39 in Colombia and South Africa, respectively, and significantly different.     

长白山林区天然阔叶林培育大径木高产林分的结构分析

采用省级固定样地和伐区调查设计中小班全林每木样地相结合的方法，以天然阔斗林高产大径木林分结构为载体，详细分析了影响该林分结构的三个主要因子：林木最大保留直径（LDT），相邻径级立木株数之比（q）和林分保留断面积（RBA）。分析结果表明，培育大径木的林分结构条件是；LDT不超过54cm，q的取值范围为1．2～1．6，RBA不超过30m^2。     

东北落叶松相容性立木材积和地上生物量方程研建

以东北落叶松立木材积和地上生物量数据为例,通过改进模型的结构形式,采用误差变量联立方程组的方法,研究建立了相容的立木材积方程、地上生物量方程及生物量转换函数。结果表明:与常用的非线性模型相比,在材积方程和生物量方程中增加截距常数,能显著改进模型的拟合效果;建立的一元相容性方程,地上生物量和立木材积的预估误差均不超过5%;二元相容性方程,地上生物量的预估误差约为4%,立木材积的预估误差则小于3%。     

冰冻雪压对杉木人工林近成熟林分危害调查

以受冰冻雪灾较为严莺的江西省大岗山林区杉木近成熟林分为研究对象,探讨杉木林分结构和立地条件与杉木受损类型及灾害发生程度的关系,得到几点主要结论:1)冰冻雪压造成大岗山林区杉木受害株数比例达66.84%,受灾相当严重,杉木林分受害类型可分为弯梢、断梢、斜干、断干、倒地及翻蔸等6种,其中断干和断梢为最主要的2种受害类型.2)杉木林分结构对冰冻雪压危害具有明显的调节作用,灾害主要发生于径阶相对较小的林木,林分内径阶越大的林木其受害程度明显越轻;林分密度与受害强度具极显著正相关,密度越高,林分受损株数愈多,且密度主要影响断干、翻蔸这2种不可逆的受损类型,合理的密度调控至关重要.3)杉木林分的立地条件与受害程度紧密相关,高海拔、高坡位、陡坡处的林分更易受到冰冻雪压的危害,较高的立地指数有利于杉木在遭受冰冻雪压灾害时减轻损失.     

花椰菜花球球径的发育遗传研究

利用包括基因与环境互作的加性-显性遗传模型对6个花椰菜品种(系)完全双列杂交实验的2年观察资料进行花球球径不同发育阶段的遗传分析。结果表明:年份间的环境差异对亲本和F1的球径表现影响较小,球径在整个发育期主要受加性效应控制,不存在基因型×环境互作效应,选用瑞雪70天、c-3、c-5为亲本配置组合,能够使其后代在10月中下旬前在平均球径的基础上增大球径;而福州80天和c-8这2个亲本的表现恰好相反。进一步对不同发育阶段的平均球径进行条件遗传分析发现,加性主效应和显性主效应在球径增大的大部分时期都有新的表达,且不易受到年份等外部条件的影响,但这些新表达的效应在10月12日之前和之后表现为相反的方向。成熟期球径给定不同发育时期性状的条件遗传分析表明,在各个时期均检测到显著的条件加性方差(10月24日除外)和条件显性方差,10月6日之前的净加性表达效应的作用占最终球径表现变异的88.8%。     

宝天曼短柄枹林1公顷样地物种组成与群落结构

为了深入了解宝天曼自然保护区树种的多样性,参照巴拿马巴罗克罗拉多岛样地的技术规范,于2009年在河南宝天曼国家级自然保护区建立了1块面积为1hm2的短柄枹林永久监测样地。对样地内所有胸径≥1cm的木本植物进行了详细的定位调查。结果表明:样地内被监测的树木个体数为2 481个,隶属于27科47属71种;短柄枹林样地共分为4个基本层次,乔木Ⅰ层主要有短柄枹(Quercus serrata var.brevipetiolata)和栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis),乔木Ⅱ层主要由四照花(Cornus kousa subsp.Chinensis)、水榆花楸(Sorbus alnifolia)组成,灌木层的优势种为连翘(Forsythia suspensa)、满山红(Rhododendron mariesii)等,草本层主要由细叶薹草(Carex duriu-sata subsp.stenophylloides)等组成;样地植物区系以北温带成分为主,共25个属,占总属数的50.98%,兼具热带成分,共10个属,占总属数的21.28%;短柄枹(Quercus serrata var.brevipetio-lata)和栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis)在群落中占有绝对的优势地位,但从径级结构来看,栓皮栎的更新较差;从物种的空间分布格局中可以看出,样地物种空间分布格局整体上表现为随机分布为主,但优势种短柄枹和栓皮栎主要表现为聚集分布。     

遵义小钝吻鮠体表黏液抗菌肽的分离纯化

[目的]从遵义小钝吻鮠(Leioxassis microcrassirostris Zunyiensis Xiao sp.nov.)体表黏液中获取高质量的抗菌肽,为提高其先天免疫能力及病害防治效果奠定基础.[方法]采用物理方法收集遵义小钝吻鮠的体表黏液,以5％乙酸进行浸提,采用SephadexG-50和SephadexG-25两步凝胶层析技术对抗菌粗提物进行分离纯化,结合Tricine-SDS-PAGE电泳法进行分离鉴定,并运用牛津杯法和挖孔法进行抑菌试验.[结果]遵义小钝吻鮠体表黏液经乙酸法浸提处理并冷冻干燥,其粗提物呈白色粉末,稀释液蛋白质含量为1755 μg/mL;经SephadexG-50凝胶层析分离,其纯化产物抑菌活性峰主要在峰Ⅱ和峰Ⅲ,抑菌圈直径11.66 mm;再经SephadexG-25凝胶层析分离纯化后出现单一活性峰,其产物为分子量小于4.1kD的抗菌肽,抑菌圈直径12.85mm.[结论]遵义小钝吻鮠无需诱导刺激,可直接采用物理方法收集其体表黏液,以5％乙酸浸提后经SephadexG-50和SephadexG-25两步凝胶层析便可分离出纯度较高的抗菌肽.     

广西冬蕉留把数对产量和果实性状的影响

针对广西地区冬蕉‘威廉斯B6’的留把数开展研究,结果发现,留有8把和留有9把香蕉植株产量分别为30.77和27.29 kg。两处理总果指分别为155.53和168.67只,留有8把的处理每把把重范围为2.40~6.80 kg,比留有9把的处理每把高出0.50~2.00 kg,且留有8把的香蕉果指长和果指粗高于留有9把处理,商品果率高12.2%。综合比较,在广西地区冬蕉建议留有8把,可以提高香蕉产量和商品率。