The Information Access Center-Your Information Stop on the Web!

ABSTRACT

The development of a site that allows the public easy access into the information available at Michigan State University was the key to starting an across the University collaboration. By working collectively with MSU Libraries, MSU Extension, and MSU Outreach, the development of the site offered opportunities to link internal and external resources around issues. The site offers information on basic topic areas and sub topics that people expect the land-grant university can answer. The development was and is based on input from not just the team but from departments, staff and the public.     

AgMaps: A Partnership Between Cornell University's Mann Library,New York County Extension Offices and the National Agricultural Statistics Service of the USDA

ABSTRACT

AgMaps is a system that allows Mann Library to distribute customized numeric data sets and thematic maps over the Web. To further the efforts of the AgMaps project, Mann Library is actively engaging in intellectual and financial collaboration with three New York County Extension offices, Cornell Cooperative Extension, Cornell faculty, and the National Agricultural Statistical Service of the USDA. After a brief discussion of the need for GIS and AgMaps in particular, this paper focuses on the roles each agency played in the process of creating AgMaps, describes the partnerships, highlights a user study employed for the interface design and presents AgMaps and some of its features.     

施氮量对春玉米产量及其早衰因子的影响

辽西北地区是玉米早衰的高发地区。通过大田定位施肥试验,对春玉米生育后期穗位叶叶绿素含量、保 护酶活性、根系干重和叶片枯黄比例进行调查,结果表明,随着施氮量的增加,叶绿素含量、根系干重都呈增加的趋 势,黄叶比例逐渐下降;SOD、POD 活性在灌浆期、乳熟期和蜡熟期随玉米生育期的推进呈逐渐降低的变化趋势;施 氮量240 kg/hm2可明显提高SOD、POD 活性,叶绿素含量、根系干重都达到较高值,黄叶比例最低,有效延缓了玉米 叶片的衰老速度,籽粒产量最高达到9 284 kg/hm2,与无肥对照比较增产40.09%。     

珠子参不同居群的光合特性及保护酶活性比较

测定了相同栽培条件下珠子参不同居群的光合特性、保护酶活性、丙二醛含量和叶绿素含量,以探讨其生理生态适应性机理.结果表明,8个珠子参居群的生理生态适应性存在一定差异,居群7、1的净光合速率(Pn)分别是居群4的2.21倍和2.18倍、居群6的2.02倍和2.00倍,差异显著.居群7、1的气孔导度(Cond)和蒸腾速率(Tr)最大,其中居群1的Cond和Tr值分别是居群6的2.61倍和2.35倍,差异显著,蒸汽压亏缺值较小;而居群4、6情况相反.表明珠子参居群植株利用水分的能力存在差异,可能是导致它们之间光合能力存在差异的主要原因之一.居群4、6的超氧化物歧化酶活性较大,过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性显著小于居群7、1,丙二醛含量最大,Pn值最小.表明珠子参不同居群的抗氧化酶系统之间存在一定的协同关系,该协同作用与光合作用密切相关,可能是珠子参适应环境变化的重要生理机制之一.     

A survey of antipredator controls at marine salmon farms in Scotland

A questionnaire survey was sent to managers of marine salmon farm sites in Scotland to update knowledge on problems from predators and the use of antipredator controls. Of the 195 respondents, 5 had no antipredator controls with the remaining 190 having some level of control. Throughout Scotland, managers reported 12 species of predator. Seals were reported to be predators at 81% of sites. In total, 19 different types of antipredator control were used. Top nets were employed most widely, being used by 88% of the 195 respondents followed by seal scarers (52%) and shooting (49%). Shooting was considered to be very effective by 45 (62%) of the 73 site managers who expressed an opinion on its effectiveness. Views on the effectiveness of seal scarers varied markedly among site managers, and only 21 (23%) of 92 managers considered them to be very effective. There was also considerable variation in the perceived effectiveness of different types of antipredator nets. Comparison with previous studies showed that although there was a significant increase in the proportion of farms at which seals were reported to have caused loss or damage between 1985 and 1987, there has been no further increase. There were no significant changes over time in reported problems from other species of predator. The proportions of farms using nets and shooting to deter predators are remarkably consistent between the study periods. However, the use of seal scarers has increased significantly from 10% in 1985 to 52% in 2001. The survey suggests that the degrees of protection afforded by predator control methods vary appreciably between sites. There is a need for a range of antipredator devices to be tested under controlled conditions to determine under which circumstances each is most effective. This is particularly the case regarding seal scarers.     

上海市崇明县不同规模养猪场恶臭防护距离研究

指出了养猪场恶臭污染已受到越来越多的关注,如何对恶臭防护距离进行确定以及采用何种方法对其进行确定是恶臭污染环境整治和管理的重点。基于大气环境防护距离、卫生防护距离和畜禽养殖业污染防治技术规范的基本原理,以及SCREEN3估算模式、卫生防护距离公式和规范中规定的距离,选取NH_3和H_2S这两种特征性恶臭污染因子,计算对比得出了上海市崇明县不同规模养猪场的恶臭防护距离;同时基于NH_3和H_2S对防护距离的响应分析和结果偏差分析,提出了恶臭污染整治适宜性管理策略。结果表明:①当养猪场规模小于或等于12万头时,恶臭防护距离按照畜禽养殖业污染防治技术规范中的规定距离进行确定;当规模大于12万头时,则参照SCREEN3模型计算的大气环境防护距离进行确定;②H_2S为恶臭防护距离确定的决定性因子。     

Protective efficacy of a high-growth reassortant swine H3N2 inactivated vaccine constructed by reverse genetic manipulation

Novel reassortant H3N2 swine influenza viruses (SwIV) with the matrix gene from the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus have been isolated in many countries as well as during outbreaks in multiple states in the United States, indicating that H3N2 SwIV might be a potential threat to public health. Since southern China is the world''s largest producer of pigs, efficient vaccines should be developed to prevent pigs from acquiring H3N2 subtype SwIV infections, and thus limit the possibility of SwIV infection at agricultural fairs. In this study, a high-growth reassortant virus (GD/PR8) was generated by plasmid-based reverse genetics and tested as a candidate inactivated vaccine. The protective efficacy of this vaccine was evaluated in mice by challenging them with another H3N2 SwIV isolate [A/Swine/Heilongjiang/1/05 (H3N2) (HLJ/05)]. Prime and booster inoculation with GD/PR8 vaccine yielded high-titer serum hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies and IgG antibodies. Complete protection of mice against H3N2 SwIV was observed, with significantly reduced lung lesion and viral loads in vaccine-inoculated mice relative to mock-vaccinated controls. These results suggest that the GD/PR8 vaccine may serve as a promising candidate for rapid intervention of H3N2 SwIV outbreaks in China.     

日本血吸虫重组IAP蛋白的免疫保护效果评估

为研究日本血吸虫凋亡蛋白抑制因子（inhibitor of apoptosis protein of Schistosoma japonicum,SjIAP）重组蛋白诱导BALB/c小鼠的免疫保护效果,利用PCR技术扩增SjIAP基因,构建重组表达质粒pET-28a（＋）-SjIAP,诱导表达重组SjIAP蛋白,并利用重组蛋白制备兔源多克隆抗体血清。然后,选用SjIAP重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,利用ELISA检测免疫小鼠血清中的特异性抗体水平,以及免疫小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞在SjIAP重组蛋白刺激后产生的细胞因子水平。强化免疫后,将小鼠进行血吸虫尾蚴攻虫试验,感染38 d,进行剖杀,计算虫体减虫率及肝脏减卵率。Western blot结果表明本研究制备的兔源多抗血清能特异性识别SjIAP重组蛋白。ELISA检测表明免疫SjIAP重组蛋白可诱导较高水平的IgG及IgG亚型（IgG1、IgG2a、IgG2b、IgG3）抗体和IFN-γ、IL-2及IL-4细胞因子。动物试验表明,免疫SjIAP重组蛋白的小鼠与PBS组相比分别获得了31.5%的减虫率和37.2%的肝脏减卵率。免疫SjIAP重组蛋白能诱导小鼠获得一定减虫和减卵保护效果,提示血吸虫凋亡蛋白抑制因子可作为抗血吸虫病的疫苗候选分子。     

拿捕净对杂交谷张杂谷5号幼苗生理特性的影响

采用盆栽试验,在张杂谷5号5~6叶期喷施不同体积分数的拿捕净(60,120,240,480 mL/L),分别于药后7,15,30 d测定其倒三叶的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量及叶绿素质量浓度。结果表明,随拿捕净体积分数的增加,张杂谷5号的SOD,POD活性和MDA含量随之升高,CAT活性先升高后下降,且随时间的延长逐渐升高,而叶绿素质量浓度随拿捕净体积分数的增加而下降,随时间的延长先下降后上升;晋谷21号的保护酶活性变化与张杂谷5号相似,而叶绿素质量浓度随时间的延长下降。晋谷21号在药后10 d左右随拿捕净体积分数的增加叶片的萎蔫逐渐加重。试验得出,≤120 mL/L的拿捕净对张杂谷5号谷子生理特性影响较小,晋谷21号在拿捕净60 mL/L时死亡。因此,拿捕净对杂交谷张杂谷5号相对安全,而晋谷21号不能施用。     

硒对西葫芦幼苗根系生长及保护酶活性的影响

为进一步提高西葫芦产量和品质,以翠玉特早王西葫芦种子为材料,采用水培法,研究不同硒浓度对西葫芦幼苗根系生长及保护酶活性的影响。结果表明:适量的硒可促进西葫芦幼苗根系生长,提高幼苗根系保护酶活性。硒浓度为0.4mg·L-1时,西葫芦幼苗根系总长度、总面积、总体积、根尖数及平均直径最大,CAT活性最高,MDA含量最低,0.2 mg·L-1处理SOD活性最高。西葫芦幼苗根系生长的最佳Na2SeO3浓度为0.2~0.4mg·L-1。