"绿色威雷"保护性防治杨树云斑天牛试验研究

云斑天牛成虫在湖北省羽化期为4月10日～5月20日,在成虫羽化初期,采用“绿色威雷”200倍液对杨树4 m以下主干喷雾,可有效控制其危害。对大面积成片杨树林,通过防治林缘天牛可达到控制整块林地天牛危害的目的。     

关于漏电保护器误动作的原因分析

本文以单相漏电保护器为例,阐明其几种错误接线的原因,并针对其不同的错误安装接线方法,提出了具体的改进措施。     

景电灌区农田防护林衰败及优化模式

景电灌区农田防护林网是景电灌区防护林体系的重要组成部分,通过调查景电灌区农田防护林衰败现状,分析退化原因,提出优化改造模式,为景电灌区农田防护林更新改造从而发挥可持续效益提供技术支撑。结果表明,1)以杨树为主要树种的景电灌区农田防护林网目前呈严重衰败状态,尤其在个人管护的区域,残缺断代现象严重,部分地方甚至基本消失;2)病虫危害,耗水、胁地严重而被砍伐,耕地次生盐渍化导致树木生长不良、枯死,树种单一、结构不合理,管理不到位等是造成农田防护林衰败的主要原因;3)三倍体毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)、廊坊(P.langfanggensis)、樟子松(Pinus sylvestris)、刺槐(Robinia pseucdoacacia)、白蜡(Fraxinus chinensis)、鸣山大枣(Jujube minshan)等树种为该地区农田防护林建设的适宜树种,可采用农田防护林杨树优势树种轮换、针叶常绿树种优化改造、生态经济型防护林网营造等模式对景电灌区农田防护林网进行更新改造。农田防护林网的改造,将对完善防护林体系,保障景泰绿洲的安全产生重要意义。     

基于符号学的南京大屠杀丛葬地纪念景观更新研究

国家公祭日的设立让一系列南京大屠杀丛葬地纪念碑重新回到大众视野,但作为城市历史文化景观的重要组成部分,它们在历史文化传播方面却已略显乏力。基于符号学理论,对南京大屠杀丛葬地纪念性景观进行解构,研究了面临的实际问题,并分析了成因。将符号学方法与景观设计原理结合,从纪念性景观构建中的符号选取、主题强化、信息传达等方面入手,探讨了南京大屠杀丛葬地纪念性景观的具体更新方法。并以南京普德寺丛葬地纪念性景观为例,进行了实证研究。     

Soil quality index as a tool for Scots pine （Pinus sylvestris） monoculture conversion planning on afforested,reclaimed mine land

In Central Europe,a large portion of post-mining sites were afforested with Scots pine,which is characterized by good adaptability and a tolerance for poor habitat at the beginning of forest ecosystem development.Conversion of monoculture on mine sites into more biodiverse mixed hardwood forests,especially on more fertile deposits,can be an emerging need in this part of Europe in next decades.The ability to classify the forests at these post-mining sites will facilitate proper species selection as well as the management and formation of the developed ecosystem’s stability.This work describes the guidelines that can be followed to assess reclaimed mine soil(RMS)quality,using the mine soil quality index(MSQI)and a classification of developed forest sites as a basis of tree-stand species selection and conversion of pine monocultures.The research was conducted on four post-mining facilities(lignite,hard coal,sulphur,and sand pit mining areas)on different RMS substrates dominant in Central Europe.Soil quality assessment takes into account the following features of the soil:texture soil nutrients(Ca,Mg,K,Na,P);acidity(pH KCl);and Corg-to-Nt ratio in the initial organic horizon.An analysis was conducted of classification systems using the MSQI validation correlation(at p=0.05)with vegetation features affected by succession:aboveground biomass of forest floor and ecological indicators of vascular plants(calculated on the basis of Ellenberg’s(2009)system).Eventually,in the analysed data set,the MSQI ranged from0.270 for soils on quaternary sands to 0.720 for a mix of quaternary loamy sands with neogene clays.Potential forest habitat types and the role of the pine in the next generation of tree stands on different RMS parent rock substrate were proposed.     

Creation of artificial upwelling areas for brown trout, Salmo trutta, spawning in still water bodies

Abstract  Brown trout, Salmo trutta L., spawning sites were constructed by creating areas of artificial upwelling water, 252 ± 37 mL m⁻² min⁻¹ (95% CL), through appropriately sized spawning gravel substrate in 3 m² vessels buried in the bottom of a 150-m² pond. Natural spawning occurred in the vessels during autumn 2001–2004, with hatching and alevin swim up the following spring. In areas of upwelling, egg survival was 85–95%, while no live eggs were observed in areas without upwelling. In areas with upwelling, the maximum density of live eggs at the eyed stage was 570–1510 eggs m⁻². In spring 2004 and 2005, the density of alevins was estimated at 322 (±187) m⁻² and 567 (±217) m⁻², respectively, in areas with upwelling water, compared with 35.2 ± 25.4 m⁻² in areas without upwelling water in 2004.     

鸭肝炎病毒河南株的免疫保护试验研究

为探讨河南省部分地区鸭肝炎病免疫失败的原因,对分离到的鸭肝炎野毒株(LY株)在雏鸭、鸭胚及鸡胚上进行免疫保护试验、交叉中和试验。结果表明DH-Ⅰ型血清对该LY株的免疫保护指数较低,明显低于LY株血清的保护指数,表明该疫区部分鸭肝炎野毒株的抗原性已发生改变;交叉中和试验对该结果进行了进一步的验证;另采用LY株和DHV-I病毒疫苗联合制备鸭肝炎高免蛋黄抗体用于临床免疫防治可使临床保护率达到90%以上。     

疑似“红针病”油松保护酶活性分析

油松是我国北方主要的造林绿化树种之一,在生态恢复和重建中具有重要作用。为分析清水河县油松疑似"红针病"的可能发病原因,文章比较了疑似"红针病"和健康油松的各种保护酶SOD、POD、CAT活性,MDA含量以及相对电导率,结果显示:与健康油松相比,感病油松的SOD、POD、CAT活性以及MDA含量均显著升高,相对电导率显著提高。     

日照-仪征原油管道水击分析与保护

长输原油管道在输油生产过程中,会因输油站的误操作而造成管道水击现象,使管道发生局部超压、液柱分离和泵机组汽蚀。介绍了输油管道产生水击的原因;分析了日照-仪征原油管道压力自动调节系统、压力超限保护系统和水击控制系统的构成;对仪征误关进站阀的事故工况进行了模拟,分析说明了该管道的水击保护过程。结果表明：日照-仪征原油管道水击保护系统的应用具有可行性,可有效防止严重水击工况对管道和设备造成危害。（图3,表4,参7）     

复水对水分胁迫条件下糜子生长的补偿效应

为明确复水对糜子叶片衰老与活性氧代谢的影响,建立糜子抗旱节水栽培技术体系,以榆糜2号为试验材料,采用盆栽控水方式,研究复水对水分胁迫条件下糜子叶片衰老与活性氧代谢特征的动态变化。结果表明,随胁迫程度的加剧和胁迫时间的延长,糜子功能叶片自下而上依次衰老,其叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性逐渐降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量持续上升。复水后,中度水分胁迫拔节期复水效果最佳,糜子顶三叶叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、SOD和POD活性分别比对照高出7.65%、4.20%、5.30和3.52%,表现出超补偿效应;开花期复水产生了等量补偿效应;重度水分胁迫条件下,拔节期复水对糜子叶片SOD、POD产生了部分补偿效应,对叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质和MDA含量产生了等量补偿效应;开花期复水后各指标的补偿效果不明显。相关分析表明,糜子产量与生育后期各功能叶片的叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、SOD活性呈极显著正相关,与POD活性呈显著正相关,MDA含量与产量呈现显著负相关。拔节期复水对中度水分胁迫下糜子生长的补偿效应最佳。