山羊痘灭活疫苗免疫保护试验

将山羊痘GT4-STV42-56种毒在犊牛睾丸细胞上繁殖,收获毒液,用0.1%甲醛溶液灭活,加适量206佐剂,制成山羊痘油佐剂灭活疫苗.将疫苗以不同剂量皮下免疫接种不同种群的山羊.免疫后21 d,用AV40株强毒进行攻毒保护试验.结果显示,免疫剂量达0.5 mL时,疫苗对内蒙绒山羊的保护率为100%,对广西黑山羊的保护率为80%.实验表明,山羊痘灭活疫苗对山羊的免疫效果确实可靠.     

Anticoccidial Vaccination of Broiler Chickens in Various Management Programmes: Relationship between Oocyst Accumulation in Litter and the Development of Protective Immunity

Paracox anticoccidial vaccine was administered to a 7-day-old flock of commercial broiler breeder stock subsequently reared to point-of-lay in the same house. For comparison, three subgroups of another flock of broiler breeders were also vaccinated with Paracox at 7 days of age, reared to 42 days and then transferred to new litter on another farm until point-of-lay. The first subgroup received no further treatment, but the second and third each received a second vaccination with Paracox, either immediately after transfer to the new litter or 42 days after transfer. Using an Eimeria necatrix model, protective immunity was demonstrated by virulent challenge of samples of birds from all groups by the age of 37–40 days (30–33 days after the first vaccination), and was maintained to at least 122–125 days of age, whether the birds remained on the same litter or were transferred to another farm, and whether they received one or two anticoccidial vaccinations. Therefore, there is no disadvantage in transferring birds onto new litter 35 days after a single Paracox vaccination, nor is there any advantage in giving a second vaccination after such a transfer. Vaccinated birds seeded the new litter with oocysts, despite being clinically immune to coccidiosis. A supplementary laboratory experiment showed that birds vaccinated at 8 days of age passed almost no oocysts after a second vaccination at 43 days of age. This indicated that they were not only protected against clinical coccidiosis, but were almost solidly immune to a homologous infection 5 weeks after a single vaccination. Nevertheless, oocysts appeared in the litter of all four groups of commercial breeders throughout the trial, showing that wild-type heterologous infections occurred whether the birds were transferred to new litter or not, but these did not overwhelm the acquired protective immunity and cause clinical coccidiosis.     

Enhancement of protective immune responses by oral vaccination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing recombinant Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ApxIA or ApxIIA in mice

We previously induced protective immune response by oral immunization with yeast expressing the ApxIIA antigen. The ApxI antigen is also an important factor in the protection against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 infection; therefore, the protective immunity in mice following oral immunization with Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing either ApxIA (group C) or ApxIIA (group D) alone or both (group E) was compared with that in two control groups (group A and B). The immunogenicity of the rApxIA antigen derived from the yeast was confirmed by a high survival rate and an ApxIA-specific IgG antibody response (p < 0.01). The highest systemic (IgG) and local (IgA) humoral immune responses to ApxIA and ApxIIA were detected in group E after the third immunization (p < 0.05). The levels of IL-1β and IL-6 after challenge with an A. pleuropneumoniae field isolate did not change significantly in the vaccinated groups. The level of TNF-α increased in a time-dependent manner in group E but was not significantly different after the challenge. After the challenge, the mice in group E had a significantly lower infectious burden and a higher level of protection than the mice in the other groups (p < 0.05). The survival rate in each group was closely correlated to the immune response and histopathological observations in the lung following the challenge. These results suggested that immunity to the ApxIA antigen is required for optimal protection.     

禽流感病毒H5亚型主要保护性抗原在禽痘病毒中的高效表达

将H5亚型禽流感病毒血凝素HA基因克隆入插入载体pllS中获得重组转移质粒p11SH5A,通过酶切鉴定获得了预期的转移质粒p11SHSA,将质粒p11SHSA和野生禽痘病毒(wtFPV)共转染鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF),通过蓝白斑筛选纯化得到重组病毒rFPV-11SH5A.以间接免疫荧光法证实,HA基因得到了表达.将该重组病毒rFPV-11SH5A以10(5)PFU/只免疫7日龄SPF鸡,于7、10、14、18、21d分别采血分离血清检测HI抗体,于免疫21d后用10(5)ELD50的野生病毒进行肌肉注射观察疫苗保护率.结果表明,该疫苗能提供100%的保护.     

不同佐剂和免疫途径对柔嫩艾美耳球虫SO7抗原免疫保护效果的影响

利用PGEX-6P-1融合表达系统将SO7基因在大肠杆菌中进行融合表达,对表达产物进行初步纯化和复性,制备免疫原。分别使用不同剂量的人参总皂甙和重组γ-干扰素以及弗氏完全佐剂作为免疫佐剂,于5日龄、12日龄和19日龄对雏鸡进行3次免疫,同时设立蛋白口服免疫组、蛋白皮下注射免疫组、卵囊口服免疫组、未免疫未攻毒组和未免疫攻毒组作对照,于26日龄用105个柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊进行攻毒,8d后扑杀,对各组的存活率、相对增重率、病变减少率、相对卵囊产量和抗球虫指数ACI等指标进行统计分析,比较免疫保护效果。与非免疫攻毒组以及不加佐剂的免疫攻毒组相比,佐剂使用后各组的增重、病变记分、相对卵囊产量、ACI等指标均有一定的改善,对柔嫩艾美耳球虫的人工感染可以提供部分保护。3种佐剂中,γ-干扰素和人参总皂甙能增强重组蛋白的免疫保护效果,且佐剂的剂量对免疫保护的效果有一定的影响,以5000Uγ-干扰素效果最佳,效果与E.tenella活卵囊免疫相当,弗氏完全佐剂的免疫增强效果不明显。单独使用重组蛋白皮下注射或口服免疫,虽有一定的保护作用,但不明显。一定剂量的γ-干扰素对SO7抗原的免疫保护效果起明显的增强作用,是一个具有很好临床应用前景的新型佐剂。     

水分胁迫对抗旱性不同小麦品种叶片光合及根呼吸等生理特性的影响

以两个抗旱性不同的小麦品种西农1043、陕253为材料，采用盆栽与水培试验相结合的方式，研究水分亏缺对小麦不同生育期叶片光合及根呼吸速率等生理指标的影响。结果表明：相同水分处理下，抗旱品种西农1043与水分敏感品种陕253相比，具有较高的光合和根呼吸速率、以及相对较高的保护酶活性；水分胁迫下，两个小麦品种叶片光合和根呼吸速率及苗期叶保护酶活性均降低；两种水分处理下抗旱性强的西农1043根呼吸所占光合的比例相对高于陕253。     

吉林西部盐碱化治理与机械化保护性耕作研究

分析了吉林西部地区盐碱化形成、发展的历史和原因,指出本区盐碱化发展愈演愈烈的原因在于当地农业生产结构与农业耕作方式的不合理;同时提出了改进措施和发展机械化保护性耕作建议.     

不同葡萄品种膜质过氧化和保护酶活性对盐胁迫的响应

研究了不同浓度NaCl处理对双丰、左山二、贝达以及金玫瑰细胞膜透性、膜质过氧化和保护酶活性的影响。结果表明:不同处理间,4个品种耐NaCl胁迫的动态响应表现出显著差异。随胁迫浓度的增大和胁迫时间的延长,MDA含量和细胞膜透性表现出增高趋势,增高幅度由高到低的顺序为双丰、左山二、贝达、金玫瑰;保护酶SOD活性整体表现出先增后降趋势,金玫瑰和贝达升高幅度相对较大;POD活性整体表现出下降趋势,但金玫瑰和贝达下降幅度相对较小。     

内蒙古集通铁路防护林构建技术研究

本项研究根据集通铁路所处的地理位置及所受沙灾、雪灾、风灾、水灾四大灾害的危害特点．以DK328 500～DK338 500为试验示范区，在调查分析当地自然条件的基础上．对沿线立地类型进行了科学的剖析和划分。针对铁路安全运输生产的要求，采用多种造林技术措施，乔灌草相结合，阻固造封并举．迅速恢复沿线林草植被。     

福建省自然保护小区建设管理现状及对策

阐述了划建福建省自然保护小区的目的、意义及建设与发展现状,提出存在问题及对策措施。