自动车床工序调整卡的计算机辅助设计

“经验式”和“创成式”是计算机辅助工艺过程设计的两种基本的技术方法.后一种技术方法虽然还不够成熟,但它在CAPP系统的设计与实现上具有很多的优势.描述了计算机辅助设计在自动车床加工中的一些应用,它涉及到工艺方案的制定和加工工序的安排.另外,它描述了一些特有的计算机算法和编程原理.     

不同产量潜力甘薯光合产物的生产、运转与块根产量的关系

选取中国主栽的食用型甘薯品种龙薯9号、红香蕉、泰中6号、苏薯8号、遗字138和北京553进行大田试验,研究不同产量潜力甘薯品种光合产物的生产、运转及其与块根产量的关系。结果表明,高产品种整个生育期干物质积累快,光合产物向块根输送多,同化物在块根中的分配率较高,而且高产品种的标记叶合成的光合产物能够较多地运出。因此,叶片光合作用形成的光合产物能够及时地往外运输,是高产甘薯品种高产的重要保证。高产品种具有较高的经济系数。     

Dense planting with less basal nitrogen fertilization might benefit rice cropping for high yield with less environmental impacts

Dense planting and less basal nitrogen (N) fertilization have been recommended to further increase rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain yield and N use efficiency (NUE), respectively. The objective of this study was to evaluate the integrative impacts of dense planting with reduced basal N application (DR) on rice yield, NUE and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Field experiments with one conventional sparse planting (CK) and four treatments of dense planting (increased seedlings per hill) with less basal N application were conducted in northeast China from 2012 to 2013. In addition, a two-factor experiment was conducted to isolate the effect of planting density and basal N rate on CH₄ emission in 2013. Our results show that an increase in planting density by about 50% with a correspondingly reduction in basal N rate by about 30% (DR1 and DR2) enhanced NUE by 14.3–50.6% and rice grain yield by 0.5–7.4% over CK. Meanwhile, DR1 and DR2 reduced GWP by 6.4–12.6% and yield-scaled GWP by 7.0–17.0% over CK. According to the two-factor experiment, soil CH₄ production and oxidation and CH₄ emission were not affected by planting density. However, reduced basal N rate decreased CH₄ emission due to it significantly reduced soil CH₄ production with a smaller reduction in soil CH₄ oxidation. The above results indicate that moderate dense planting with less basal N application might be an environment friendly mode for rice cropping for high yield and NUE with less GHG emissions.     

通关藤提取工艺的优化

[目的]优化通关藤的提取工艺条件.[方法]通过考察通关藤提取工艺中的乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间、提取次数对出膏率的影响,设计正交试验,以出膏率为评价指标,优选出较为合理的提取工艺条件.[结果]当乙醇浓度为70％、料液比为1∶20、提取时间为90 min、提取次数为2次时,通关藤的出膏率最高.[结论]优选通关藤提取工艺节能高效,具有较强的可操作性,适用于工业化大生产.     

花生副产物在畜牧生产中的综合利用

花生在生产过程中产生大量副产物,其营养价值较高,是重要的饲料加工原料。文章主要针对花生生产过程中副产物营养价值及在畜牧生产中的利用进行综述。     

2种胃膜素制备方法的比较

[目的]比较分析制备胃膜素的2种方法，优化制备方法，为工业化规模生产提供试验依据。[方法]以猪胃黏膜为材料，采用单产工艺和联产工艺提取胃膜素，比较分析2种制备方法所得胃膜素的性状、得率、总氮含量和还原性物质含量的差异。[结果]2种方法提取的胃膜素在黏度、酸度、干燥失重和炽灼残渣等方面差异不大，总氮含量和还原性物质含量也无明显差异，均符合国家标准。单产工艺胃膜素得率较高，平均达3．5％，联产工艺得率偏低，仅有1．7％，但联产工艺可以得到副产品胃蛋白酶。[结论]单产工艺的得率高于联产工艺，联产工艺可以同时得到副产品。     

响应曲面法优化高粱挤压最佳操作参数的研究

以高粱为原料,研究系统操作参数,包括:物料含水率、喂料速度、螺杆转速、机筒温度对目标参数的影响,并以响应曲面法优化最佳操作参数,优化得到的最佳操作参数为:物料含水率15.77%,喂料速度26.97r/min,螺杆转速181.20r/min,五区温度158.28℃。     

Efficient reduction of biomass,seed and season long pollen production of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.)

Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is a noxious plant that not only is a troublesome agronomic weed that causes economic damage to agricultural crops but also − and even more importantly − causes severe health problems due to its severe allergenicity. The pollen of invasive ragweed has become a major allergenic risk factor in urban areas in newly occupied regions. Many urban areas prohibit herbicide application; thus, mowing is the most widely used control measure. Counting pollen is labour intensive; therefore, pollen production data are mainly based on estimations. Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of different mowing scenarios, plant density and cutting height on the biomass, pollen production and seed production of common ragweed plants. Ragweed plants were mown twice: just before the flowering of terminal racemes (BBCH 59) and when the flowers of the re-sprouting lateral shoots reached BBCH 59. A 1- to 3-cm cutting height produced the greatest pollen reduction compared to that of intact control plants (94%) based on a season-long pollen collection. The number of female flowers also significantly decreased (97%). Compared to the control, the onset of pollen discharge was delayed by 5 weeks and the length of the pollen discharge period decreased from 9 to 4 weeks. The season-long unique and reproducible pollen production data can be integrated with airborne pollen modelling and population management strategies.     

“四全”育人夯实立德树人德育基础——以苏州工业职业技术学院为例

随着社会发展的推动和各种思想文化的交流、交融与交锋,给高职院校的思想政治教育工作带来前所未有的挑战。苏州工业职业技术学院积极探索实践"全员、全程、全方位、全心全意"育人的德育体系,在立德树人背景下,以踏实、务实、求实的作风不断夯实德育基础,努力开创"责任到人,纵向到底,横向到边"的德育工作局面。     

A review of soil NO transformation: Associated processes and possible physiological significance on organisms

NO emissions from soils and ecosystems are of outstanding importance for atmospheric chemistry. Here we review the current knowledge on processes involved in the formation and consumption of NO in soils, the importance of NO for the physiological functioning of different organisms, and for inter- and intra-species signaling and competition, e.g. in the rooting zone between microbes and plants. We also show that prokaryotes and eukaryotes are able to produce NO by multiple pathways and that unspecific enzymo-oxidative mechanisms of NO production are likely to occur in soils. Nitric oxide production in soils is not only linked to NO production by nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms, but also linked to extracellular enzymes from a wide range of microorganisms.Further investigations are needed to clarify molecular mechanisms of NO production and consumption, its controlling factors, and the significance of NO as a regulator for microbial, animal and plant processes. Such process understanding is required to elucidate the importance of soils as sources (and sinks) for atmospheric NO.