银川盆地净初级生产力估算和趋势分析

【目的】基于2000-2010年间的遥感数据、气象数据,利用净初级生产力(NPP)估算模型模拟银川盆地NPP,分别从逐月、逐年对其时空变化过程进行分析,并进行预测分析,阐述11年期间银川盆地植被NPP的时空格局与变化特征,探讨NPP与植被健康指数(VHI)之间的耦合关系。【方法】选取2000-2010年间的SPOT VEGETATION数据、归一化植被指数（NDVI）、遥感数据、考虑了研究地区内及其周边气象站点数据等,利用CASA 模型,一元线性回归、奇异值分解等方法对银川盆地NPP空间分布进行估算与分析。【结果】2000-2010年,银川盆地逐月NPP平均值呈现小幅度增长,月均增加0.51 gC·m^-2,以7月、10月NPP值增长最为显著;2000-2010年,银川盆地逐年NPP平均值也呈小幅度增长,年均增加0.24 gC·m^-2,NPP 年平均值总体呈波动趋势,以2007、2009年NPP增长最为显著,降水直接导致了2005、2006年的NPP值出现低值;2000-2010年,从银川盆地NPP空间变化来看,行政区域年平均NPP物质量大小依次为：大武口区＞永宁县＞灵武市＞西夏区＞青铜峡市＞利通区＞平罗县＞贺兰县＞惠农区＞兴庆区＞金凤区。银川盆地NPP 平均值表现出“南北高中间低、东高西低”的空间格局,其中NPP低值集中在西夏区、兴庆区、金凤区等区域;NPP趋势的好坏与村镇点数量大小、人口数量呈异步变化关系;银川盆地的VHI变高（低）时,NPP随之变低（高）,第一模态左右场的相关系数为-0.69,呈现异步耦合关系。【结论】采用光能利用模型对银川盆地的NPP进行估算模拟和实测验证,发现其模拟结果与实测数据接近,该模型测算银川盆地的NPP较为合理;银川盆地NPP总体趋于良好,但局部区域出现恶化情况;银川盆地NPP波动明显,主要受土壤湿度的影响,因此NPP对干旱具有一定的指示作用。     

红树莓海尔特兹初代培养中防止外植体褐化的研究

以红树莓海尔特兹(Heritage)的健壮新梢为材料,研究了不同外植体类型、0.1%HgCl2溶液消毒时间、6-BA浓度、防褐化剂、暗培养时间对组织培养中外植体褐化的影响,探讨防止初代培养中外植体褐化的最佳方法。结果表明:以带芽茎段为外植体,用0.1%HgCl2灭菌处理300 s,在MS+6-BA 0.50～0.75 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+GA 0.2 mg/L培养基中,添加1.5 g/L VC,暗处理5 d,对防止外植体褐化效果最佳。     

北京怀柔水库流域土地利用变化及其驱动力研究

使用1990~2005年3期遥感影像数据作为信息源,通过GIS手段,分析怀柔水库流域近15年土地利用变化特征,利用主成分分析法,综合社会经济统计数据,定量分析怀柔水库流域土地利用变化的驱动力。分析表明:流域内阔叶林、针叶林、混交林的面积所占比例呈上升趋势,灌木林面积下降趋势明显,农田面积总体变化不大;土地利用变化和经济发展程度密切相关,与人口因素关联度不高。     

河南省耕地动态变化的驱动力分析

以1988～2007年的统计资料为基础,分析了现阶段河南省耕地变动特点,并通过主成分分析,对引起耕地变化的驱动力进行了研究。结果表明,经济发展、人口增长和农业科技进步是影响河南省耕地数量变化的3大驱动因素。     

自拟健脑安神汤治疗原发性失眠的临床观察

目的 观察健脑安神汤治疗原发性失眠的临床疗效。方法 将65例原发性失眠患者随机分为观察组35例（健脑安神汤）及对照组30例（酸枣仁汤）,疗程均为1周,并以匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）、简易睡眠个人信念与态度量表（DBAS-16）、简易智力状况检查法（MMSE）、中医临床证候计分表,4种量表比较临床疗效。结果 经治疗后观察组总有效率78.8%,对照组总有效率63.6%;观察组的PSQI和中医证候疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组在改善DBAS-16和MMSE积分方面均明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组均未见明显不良反应。结论 健脑安神汤治疗原发性失眠疗效显著,安全性好,值得临床推广应用。     

河北太行山区土地利用变化及其社会驱动机制分析

以河北太行山区为例,从土地利用动态变化入手,结合社会经济因素,定性与定量地探讨土地利用变化的驱动力;基于1987年和2000年两期遥感影像提取土地利用信息,分析土地利用类型数量、速度和结构等变化;通过构建土地利用结构与社会经济数据的相对变化数据库,建立社会经济驱动因素指标体系,对土地利用变化的驱动力进行相关分析和主成分分析;在定量分析基础上,从人口、经济、科技和政策等4个层面揭示其社会经济驱动机制.     

Extent and causes of site damage due to forestry traffic

Increased mechanization in the forestry means usually increased traffic on a ground which is also used as a growth substrate. In this state‐of‐the‐art article it is found that the traffic could have an areal extent of 10–30% of the site area mainly due to yarding at clear‐felling and thinning. In the future there could be up to 6 machine entries on the site till a stand age of 50 year.

Skidding is often recognized as the major cause of soil disturbance with 50–75% of the skid trails considered as apparently compacted. Rut formation after forwarders can also be a problem but harvesters seems to be forgotten or give minor problems.

In order to reduce soil compaction smaller machines must be considered on many sites. Maybe 5–10 tonnes machines with a real mean ground pressure of 60–70 kPa could give, thanks to good tyres, an acceptable level of soil disturbance.

High tractive forces and slip may contribute to the soil disturbance as much as double the ground pressure. Calculations show it is therefore better to carry the load than to skid. However, the change in weight balance of the machine due to the load is still a problem and maybe anti‐slip control could give the machine a better torque distribution.     

Nutrient dynamics in a mangrove creek (North Brazil) during the dry season

During the dry season, dissolved inorganic nutrients and organic carbon (DOC) in a mangrove tidal creek (Bragança, North Brazil) presented a clear tidal signature: silicate, phosphate, ammonium and DOC covaried with salinity, with minima at high tide and maxima at low tide. Hydrodynamical calculations explained most diel variability as dilution of nutrientrich groundwater input by estuarine water. Creek nutrients tended to lower concentrations towards the end of the dry season, probably due to changes in groundwater dynamics. Ammonium was about 44% higher in the night than during the day, while silicate, phosphate nitrate + nitrite showed differences < 5%, indicating preferential autotrophic uptake of ammonium as nitrogen source. Nitrification and/or nitrogen fixation are probably sources of nitrate + nitrite, which contributed only 12% to the dissolved inorganic nitrogen pool. Dissolved oxygen (7%) and DOC (11%) were lower during the night, suggesting the existence of a labile, algalderived DOC pool. There is a loose coupling between aquatic primary production, groundwater dynamics and tidal regime.     

Recovery of photosynthetic capacity in Scots pine: a model analysis of forest plots with contrasting soil temperature

Both aboveground and belowground climate affects net primary production (NNP) and forest growth. Little is known about how above and belowground factors interact. The BIOMASS-model was tested to simulate photosynthetic recovery over a wide range of soil temperatures created by snow cover manipulations on tree-scale plots in a 20-year-old Scots pine stand in northern Sweden. The differences in timing of soil warming between the plots covered a span of two months. Carbon assimilation in needles, sap flow, needle water potential and climatic parameters were measured in the field. The simulations revealed that an early start of soil warming gave a relatively early photosynthetic recovery and a 7.5% increase of NPP. Late soil warming delayed the photosynthetic recovery and reduced the NPP by 13.7%. This indicated that soil temperature needed to be accounted for, as well as air temperature, when analysing photosynthetic recovery and NPP in boreal environment. The effects of differences in soil temperature were reflected in the simulated photosynthetic recovery. The model did not fully capture the delay of photosynthetic recovery caused by a late soil warming. It was possible to integrate the complexity of the soil climate effects into a threshold date for soil thaw, using sapflow measurements together with information about air temperature and a day degree sum, as long as water availability was not limiting water uptake by roots. Although a more realistic mechanism than that currently in BIOMASS is desirable as climate change shifts the typical patterns of interplay between air and soil temperature dynamics.     

影响红松嫁接苗造林成活率的因素分析

通过选取不同立地条件进行红松嫁接苗造林试验,分析影响红松嫁接苗造林成活率的关键因素,结果表明:除了嫁接苗质量问题导致造林成活率低以外,造林地选择和造林质量也是制约造林成活率的主导因子;因地制宜,适地适树,才能保证红松嫁接苗有较高的造林成活率。