5种榕属植物不同发育阶段叶片的热值与灰分含量动态

对厦门园林植物园的5种榕属植物不同发育阶段叶片的灰分含量、干质量热值与去灰分热值的变化动态进行了初步研究。结果表明:①随着叶片的发育(从幼叶→成熟叶→老叶),灰分含量有升高的趋势,5种植物中老叶灰分含量均不是最低,说明叶片可能具有维持自身营养元素平衡的机制;②5种榕属植物不同发育阶段的叶片中,幼叶含有较高的干质量热值,不同发育阶段的榕属植物叶片干质量热值变化趋势因种而异;③5种榕属植物不同发育阶段叶片的干质量热值与灰分含量具有显著的线性相关(P<0 05);④不同发育阶段叶片去灰分热值的变化趋势因种而异,也不是固定不变的。表4参16     

The flammability of shrubs and trees in anAcacia mangium plantation based on silica-free ash content

Preliminary research to understand the flammability of 14 species of shrubs and 8 species of trees based on silica-free ash content was done in order to recognize which shrubs or trees are more flammable. The results show that the silica-free ash content of shrubs and trees leaves was greater than the stems ranging between 1.7% and 11.4% for leaf and 0.4% and 7.8% for the stems. The shrubsDicranopteris linearis, Imperata cylindrica, Eupatorium pubescens, Lantana camara, Eugenia sp.,Cliforia laurifolia, Pterospermum sp.,Hibiscus similis, Clidemia hirta andTrema orientalis must be considered when fire invades the plantation as well as the treeParaserianthes falcataria, Eucalyptus urophylla, Calliandra callothyrsus, andPeronema canescens.     

金叶白蜡接穗嫁接技术

介绍了金叶白蜡接穗嫁接技术,该技术可提高嫁接成活率,加快金叶白蜡观赏彩叶树种的培育速度。     

高浓度乳化废水的破乳-氧化-吸附深度处理研究

[目的]寻求有效的高浓度乳化废液的深度处理方法。[方法]采用酸化盐析破乳-Fenton氧化-粉煤灰吸附3级工艺对实验室模拟高浓度乳化含油废水进行处理研究。[结果]模拟的高浓度乳化含油废水在初始pH值为3、末期pH值为10、H2O2与Fe^2＋的物质量投加浓度比为52：1、H2O2投加量50ml／L和Fenton试剂投加量500mg／L的条件下氧化2h后,COD去除率达85．0％;对氧化后的废水进行吸附实验表明,进水COD336mg／L,在粉煤灰投加量40g/L、pH值为10的条件下振荡吸附30min后,出水COD109mg／L,COD去除率达67．5％。[结论]使用这种工艺对实际的机械洗削废液进行处理,出水水质良好达国家排放标准（COD≤120mg／L,含油量≤10mg／L）。     

粉煤灰堆放场土壤环境微量元素分析与风险评价

本文以淮南平圩电厂粉煤灰处置场(高皇贮灰场)为例,系统采集老灰场覆盖层土壤、新灰场表层土壤和灰场外表层土壤样品,调查粉煤灰堆置对周围土壤中有害微量元素污染贡献.土壤样品选用适宜的消化方法进行预处理,采用现代分析技术ICP-AES和HG-AFS测定了样品中重要环境意义微量元素(As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb、Se、Mo、Ni、Cu、Zn),进而对微量元素进行了环境污染评价.评价结果表明,土壤元素含量均没有超过国家土壤一级质量标准,但粉煤灰长期堆置导致土壤中有害元素积累,粉煤灰中部分元素(如Se,Pb,Mo等)的环境生态风险尚需进一步调查研究.     

新型粉煤灰陶粒对水中Cu(Ⅱ)的去除特性及吸附等温模拟

以粉煤灰、膨润土等制备新型粉煤灰陶粒,考察粉煤灰陶粒对溶液中Cu(Ⅱ)的去除特性并进行吸附等温线拟合.结果表明,粉煤灰陶粒对Cu(Ⅱ)的去除主要为吸附过程,对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附效果与陶粒用量、温度及振荡速度有关,较大的粉煤灰陶粒用量、适宜的温度及振荡有较好的Cu(Ⅱ)去除效果.当温度为25℃、pH4.5及振荡速度150 r/min时,2.00 g粉煤灰陶粒对50 mL溶液中浓度为100 mg/L的Cu(Ⅱ)去除率为100％,而同等条件下两种普通市售陶粒的Cu(Ⅱ)去除率分别只有14.6％、6.3％.陶粒吸附柱可连续4次对250 mL浓度为100 mg/L的Cu(Ⅱ)去除率达90％以上.25℃时粉煤灰陶粒对Cu(Ⅱ)的最大吸附量为2.78 mg/g,其吸附过程符合Langmuir等温式,以Freundlich吸附等温式拟合则相关性较差.     

Nonphytate Phosphorus Requirement and Efficacy of a Genetically Engineered Yeast Phytase for Yellow Broilers at 22- to 42-d-Old Age

An experiment was conducted to investigate the requirement of nonphytate phosphorus (OP) and efficacy of a genetically engineered yeast phytase (PHY A) for Lingnan yellow broilers from 22- to 42-d-old age. A total of 1320 1 -d-old male chicks were randomly divided into 11 dietary treatment groups, which consisted of 4 replicate floor pens with 30 birds per pen.The control group (treatment 1) was fed with basal diet of nPP 0.08% without dicalcium phosphate or phytase supplementation. Dietary levels of nPP were 0.16, 0.24, 0.32, 0.40, 0.48, and 0.56%, respectively, for treatments 2 to 7,through addition of dicalcium phosphate (chemistry grade) to the basal diet. Diets of treatments 8 to 11 were supplemented with PHY A at 200, 400 and 600 U kg-t, a commercial phytase product (PHY B) at 400 U kg-1 level, respectively. The birds in 0.32-0.56% nPP groups gained more than those of the other groups (P<0.05). The nPP supplementation significantly improved feed intake (P<0.05). The feed gain ratio was significantly decreased by 0.40% nPP diet compared to the control birds (P<0.05). The level of 0.48% nPP was required for optimum tibia development. The additions of PHY A at 400 and 600 U kg-1 level and PHY B all significantly improved ADG (P<0.05), ADFI (P<0.05), and dry defatted tibia weight (P<0.05).Similarly, the percentage of tibia ash was increased by 600 U kg-1 PHY A supplementation (P<0.05). The requirement of nPP for maximal ADG and highest percentage tibia ash both was 0.40%. The phosphorus equivalency value of PHY A was estimated as 685 U kg-1 for male yellow broilers of 22- to 42-d-old age.     

组合式三效生态浮床的构建及应用研究

[目的]构建新式生态浮床并测试其性能。[方法]构建一种以浮篮为基本单元,以粉煤灰轻质陶粒和漂珠为装载材料,集成植物吸收、滤料吸附和生物挂膜三重功效于一体的新式生态浮床,并将该浮床单元体用于水体净化模拟试验。[结果]受试水体的TP、TN、NH3-N和COD浓度分别由0.699 9 mg/L、4.898 mg/L、1.945 mg/L和68.34 mg/L降至30 d后的0.003 2 mg/L、0.051 mg/L、0.001 mg/L和6.23 mg/L,水体修复效果快速而显著。试种的青菜、空心菜和美国四季青草长势良好,发芽率和生长速度高于土壤对照组。[结论]三效生态浮床在净水效率、植物种植方式、运行方式及景观价值等方面均较传统生态浮床有了大幅度的改进和提升,并可实现环境和经济的双重收益。     

高温预处理玉米秸秆条件的优化

对玉米秸秆高温预处理条件进行优化,以降低还原糖损失率和提高灰分去除率为目的,探讨了高温预处理时料液比、蒸煮温度、蒸煮时间对还原糖得率的影响。通过采用单因素多水平试验方法得到最优预处理条件为料液比1∶7,蒸煮温度118℃,蒸煮时间0.5 h。在此最优条件下,预处理后的秸秆还原糖损失率为1.86%,灰分去除率为35.2%。     

婴幼儿配方奶粉中8种常微量元素分析方法的研究

采用湿法消解(电热板消解法)、干式消解法(灰发化)和微波消解法对婴幼儿乳粉样品进行前处理,建立电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)同时测定待测样品中8种常微量元素的方法。结果表明,采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪测定婴幼儿乳粉样品中8种常微量元素的方法各元素的平均含量较高,相对标准偏差(RSD)最小,且小于2.05%。该方法对质控样品中各元素的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于2%,回收率在84.6%～103.5%。