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91.
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93.
氮钾配施对大蒜增产效应的研究 总被引:15,自引:1,他引:15
1999~2001年连续三年多点试验结果表明:在安徽省来安县大蒜产区水稻土上氮钾配施对大蒜产量及品质都有明显的正效应,蒜苔增产24.2%~29.2%,蒜头增产17.3%~18.9%。氮钾肥的产量效应与土壤的氮钾水平和氮钾比例密切相关。氮肥的适宜用量为N300~375kg/hm2,钾肥为K2O150kg/hm2。回归方程计算显示,大蒜产区的土壤临界钾素含量为101μg/ml,氮素临界含量为46μg/ml(ASI法测定)。氮钾配施并能提高蒜苗、蒜苔维生素C及可溶性糖含量。增施钾肥对大蒜的经济效益明显提高,产投比为11.07~13.26。 相似文献
94.
土壤矿物钾的释放及其在植物营养中的意义 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:14
本文对土壤钾的形态、矿物钾释放的影响因素及钾的固定、土壤含钾矿物与土壤供钾能力间关系、矿物钾的植物有效性进行了综述 ,表明土壤钾素从有效性的角度进行划分时 ,不能仅把速效性钾和1mol/L热硝酸提取的缓效性钾列为作物吸钾的主要来源 ,而忽视矿物钾的作用 . 相似文献
95.
Soil nutrient changes due to land use changes in Northern China: a case study in Zunhua County, Hebei Province 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Abstract. Since the 1980s, land use in rural areas of China has changed greatly as the result of political initiatives. These changes have caused soil nutrient changes which are examined in this paper for Zunhua County, northern China from 1980 to 1999. The areas of farmland, grassland, and paddy decreased greatly and were replaced by increases in forest and residential land. The soils under forest in 1999 transformed from farmland in 1980 increased in organic matter by 21%, total nitrogen by 18%, available nitrogen by 65%, available phosphorus by 17% and available potassium by 17%. Similarly, in the area which was converted from farmland in 1980 to grassland in 1999, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium increased by 38%, 37%, 71%, 2% and 28%, respectively. Changes from farmland to forest and grassland not only changed land cover but also improved soil fertility and probably reduced soil nutrient losses. 相似文献
96.
不同化感潜力水稻秧苗响应低钾的光合生理特性 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
本研究以化感水稻"PI312777"和非化感水稻"Lemont"为材料,采用水培方法研究低钾(5 mg K.L-1)和正常钾(40 mg K.L-1)条件下,两水稻品种的光合生理及其响应机制。结果表明,低钾条件对非化感水稻"Lemont"的根长、株高、干重有显著的抑制作用;而对化感水稻"PI312777"的根长有促进作用,对其他指标的影响较小。低钾条件下,两种水稻光合作用参数——净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、气孔限制值、叶绿素含量等均下降,但非化感水稻"Lemont"下降的幅度较大,且与化感水稻"PI312777"差异显著。水稻光合作用相关酶的分析结果表明,低钾条件下核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶和乙醇酸氧化酶的活性及其基因表达强度均降低,但化感水稻"PI312777"的下降幅度显著小于非化感水稻"Lemont"。可见低钾条件下,化感水稻"PI312777"比非化感水稻"Lemont"具有更强的光合作用能力及耐营养匮乏能力。 相似文献
97.
The effects of organic manure, mineral fertilizer (NPK), and P-deficiency fertilization (NK) on the individual biomass of young wheat plants, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization in wheat root systems, population sizes of soil organic phosphorus mineralizing bacteria (OPMB) and inorganic phosphate solubilizing bacteria (IPSB) as well as soil P-mineralization and -solubilization potential were investigated in a long-term (18-year) fertilizer experiment. The experiment included five treatments: organic manure, an equal mixture of organic manure and mineral fertilizer, fertilizer NPK, fertilizer NK, and the control (without fertilization). Plant biomass, population sizes of soil OPMB and IPSB were greatly increased (P<0.05) by the application of organic manure and slightly increased by the balanced application of mineral fertilizer, while undiminished AM colonization in wheat root system was only observed in the case of the NK treatment. Compared to balanced fertilization, P-deficiency fertilization resulted in a significant increase (P<0.05) of OPMB-specific mineralization potential (soil P-mineralization potential per OPMB cell) and highest IPSB-specific solubilization potential (soil P-solubilization potential per IPSB cell), suggesting that OPMB and IPSB are likely more metabolically active in P-deficiency fertilized soils after long-term fertilizer management, and mycorrhizal plants are more dependent on AM in P-poor soils than in P-fertilized soils. Our results also showed the different effects of mineral fertilizer versus organic manure on soil P-mineralization and -solubilization potentials, as well as specific potentials of OPMB and IPSB in arable soils. 相似文献
98.
测土配方施肥方法研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
通过田间试验与土壤测试得出:玉米施用钾肥的效应函数及其最佳用量;玉米施用钾肥最大效益与最高产量用量同钾肥增产绝对值、相对值与效益值均存在直线正相关;玉米钾肥最佳用量同土壤有效钾测定值存在着密切的直线负相关。在明确上述问题的基础上,提出应用土壤有效钾测定值直接推荐玉米施用钾肥的最佳用量方法。同时,依据土壤有效钾测得值与玉米钾肥最佳用量的相关模式,提出了土壤有效钾在不同含量水平条件下,玉米施用钾肥最大效益与最高产量的推荐量。 相似文献
99.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(17):2571-2586
The effects of lower field rate (LFR), field rate (FR), and higher field rate (HFR) applications of carbofuran on ammonium (NH4)-nitrogen (N), nitrate (NO3)-N, available phosphorus (P), and available potassium (K) contents in natural soils and those amended with inorganic fertilizers and vermicompost on the growth of tomato plants were studied. The NH4-N, NO3-N, available P, and available K contents increased up to FR but the most significant increase in was observed at LFR of carbofuran application. At HFR there was a significant reduction in nutrient availability. With passage of time all these parameters increase up to 30 days; thereafter, a decrease was observed up to the end of the experiment in both unamended and amended soils. The greater plant growth was observed at LFR of carbofuran application and at HFR the plants exhibited phytotoxicity in the form of marginal leaf scorching in both systems. The morphological growth parameters of tomato plants were positively correlated with nutrients availability. 相似文献
100.
河西灌漠土钾素状况及当季施肥效应 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
多点调查表明,河西灌漠土全钾比70年代末平均降低了24.4%,速效钾平均下降了41.2%。剖面分布为:耕作层全钾平均为1.30%,20~60cm土层平均1.27%~1.38%,底土平均1.26%;缓效钾平均为946~1 006mg/kg,剖面差异不大;速效钾 0~20cm土层为145mg/kg,20~100cm平均101~114mg/kg。春小麦、玉米、甜菜、洋芋单作当季施钾均无明显增产效应;带田玉米施化学钾肥增产8.5%,施土粪增产9.7%~11.3%,但增效不稳定。 相似文献