福建甘薯杂交品种主要数量性状遗传相关及通径分析

研究了福建30个甘薯杂交品种9个数量性状的遗传变异,除蔓粗外各性状的遗传变异系数均较大(达20％以上),都具有较高的育种选择潜力,并测定和分析遗传力与表型选择的关系,通过遗传相关、逐步回归和遗传通径分析,初步提出了福建省甘薯杂交品种高产优良基因型的表现是:单株分枝和单株结薯数较多,茎叶生长适量,绿叶重较高而不过量,蔓粗细和蔓长短,以及节间长度中等。     

野生匍匐翦股颖与引进品种光合日变化比较

利用Li-6400光合仪研究了田间自然条件下3种野生匍匐翦股颖(Agrostis stolonifera L.)05GA5、05GA8、05GA11居群和对照品种普特(Putter)的光合作用日变化特征.结果表明,①4个材料净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)的日变化曲线均呈"双峰"型,都存在明显的光合"午休"现象;且05GA5的Pn、Tr、Gs值都高于其他材料,表明其具有很强的光合能力和对极端高温环境的适应能力.②根据Pn、Ci、气孔限制值(k)的变化方向,推测05GA5、CK的光合"午休"主要受气孔因素限制,05GA8、05GA11主要受气孔和非气孔因素限制.③相关分析结果表明,夏季的光照对05GA5、05GA8、CK都有很大影响,相关系数分别为0.750,0.876,0.756,而对05GA11的影响不大.从总的相关系数大小来看,对Pn影响最大的因子是PAR,其次是Ta、Ca、RH.     

团头鲂血清甲状腺激素浓度的周年变化

运用双抗体放射免疫测定法研究团头鲂（Ｍｅｇａｌｏｂｒａｍａ ａｍｂｌｙｃｅｐｈａｌａ）血清中甲状腺素（Ｔ４）和三碘甲腺原氨酸（Ｔ３）浓度的周年变化。血清Ｔ４和Ｔ３在春季性腺迅速发育时期形成峰值,Ｔ４的升高比Ｔ３早一个月。繁殖期后。血清Ｔ４和Ｔ３水平降低,血清Ｔ４分别在８月和１０月出现两个小峰;Ｔ３在７月－１１月维持较稳定的水平。血清Ｔ４、Ｔ３在冬季的水平均较低。对血清甲状腺激素在春季升高的生理意义作了讨论。     

1982-2006年华北植被指数时空变化特征

利用1982-2006年GIMMS/NDVI数据,研究华北近25 a来植被指数在时间和空间上的变化。结果表明:①植被指数的年内变化呈单峰型,最大值出现在夏季,其中北京市NDVI最大,森林NDVI比农田和草地NDVI大;②华北年平均NDVI呈增加趋势,河北省植被指数增加最快,北京市次之,不同土地覆盖类型中,农田NDVI增加最快,草地次之,森林最小;③空间趋势分析结果显示,华北植被指数改善的面积占整个地区面积的15.96%,退化面积占11.86%,其中,河北省改善面积最大,内蒙古退化较明显,不同土地覆盖类型中,农田植被改善最明显;④基于华北近年暖干化发展趋势下,人类活动对该区域NDVI变化起到了重要作用。     

江黄颡(♀)和乌苏里拟鲿(♂)及其杂交子代遗传变异的RAPD分析

利用RAPD分子标记分析了江黄颡(♀)和乌苏里拟鲿(♂)及其杂交子代3个群体的遗传结构。18个RAPD随机引物对每个群体8尾鱼的基因组DNA进行扩增,共获得106个条带清晰且重复性较好的RAPD标记,片段大小在200~2 000 bp之间,江黄颡(♀)和乌苏里拟鲿(♂)及其杂交子代3个群体的多态位点比例分别为17.92%、18.87%和25.47%,平均遗传相似系数分别为0.940 8、0.936 8和0.928 0,平均遗传距离分别为0.059 2、0.063 2和0.072 0,平均Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)分别为0.075 4、0.073 8和0.103 6,平均Shannon信息指数(I)分别为0.108 7、0.108 1和0.150 1;亲缘关系树状图显示杂交子代与母本遗传距离较近,而与父本遗传距离较远。结果分析表明:杂交子代继承了双亲的优良性状,但从母本中继承的遗传物质稍多于父本;杂交子代群体内的遗传多样性高于两亲本群体,杂交一代基因杂合性增强,表现出一定的杂种优势。     

Field performance of embryogenic cell suspension-derived banana plants (Musa AAA, cv. Grande naine)

Growth and yield characteristics of two different clones of banana plants (Musa AAA cv. Grande naine) originating from four months old embryogenic cell suspensions were studied. These characteristics were compared with those plants produced by the conventional in vitro budding multiplication method. Two types of variants were observed during the acclimatization phase among 500 embryogenic cell suspension derived plants. The first type related to banana plants with `variegated or deformed leaves' were also observed in in vitro budding derived plants. The second type concerned `fasciated-leafed' plants. During the field growth, these two variant types produced plants morphologically similar to the other plants. Thus, none of the cell suspension derived plants exhibited off-type traits in the field. A Fisher block model was used to compare the field performances of the two clones produced through the two in vitro propagation techniques. The analysis of variance showed that there were no significant differences between the plants produced by either micropropagation techniques for the plant height and circumference, the length of the reference leaf, the number of nodal clusters of the inflorescence and of fruits, the bunch weight, the period of time between planting and flowering, and between planting and harvesting. This study showed that banana plants with an agronomical behaviour similar to those produced by the conventional in vitro budding method could be regenerated from embryogenic cell suspension. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

不同气候模态下西北太平洋柔鱼渔场环境特征分析

柔鱼冬春生群体广泛分布于西北太平洋,其种群分布与大小受气候变化和环境因子调控。本实验根据中国鱿钓组提供的1995—2011年渔业捕捞数据和海洋环境数据包括海表温度(SSTA)、海表面高度(SSHA)和混合层深度(MLDA)的距平值,分析不同气候模态下(PDO暖期和PDO冷期)柔鱼渔场环境的变化。结果显示,PDO暖期时,柔鱼CPUE高;PDO冷期时,CPUE变低。柔鱼渔场SSTA、SSHA和MLDA年间变化显著,各环境变量的时间变化与PDO冷暖相位对应。SSTA和SSHA与PDO指数负相关,滞后时间分别为–9~10月和–20~17月,且均在0月时相关系数最大;而MLDA与PDO指数呈正相关,滞后时间为–6~5月,在–1月相关系数最大。利用经验正交函数分析了SSTA、SSHA和MLDA时空变化的主要模态,前5个模态特征向量分别反映了西北太平洋柔鱼渔场SSTA、SSHA和MLDA分布场78.73%、32.82%和64.57%的信息。研究表明,气候模态变化驱动柔鱼渔场环境的变化,进而对西北太平洋柔鱼资源丰度产生显著影响。     

甘肃省河东地区主秋期降水量时空分布特征

利用甘肃省河东地区55个站30a的主秋期降水量资料进行经验正交展开(EOF)和旋转经验正交展开(REOF),分析其空间分布特征和异常类型;以平凉站为例分析了主秋期降水的时间变化规律和周期性;将河东地区主秋期降水量分为8个气候片。分析表明,河东地区主秋期雨量变化规律较为一致,空间分布不均,具有南多北少和东西多中间少的特点;多雨中心和少雨中心的多年平均值相差近200mm;主秋期降水年际变化较大,容易出现不同程度的旱或涝,并有9a左右的周期;20世纪40、60年代为相对多雨期,50、90年代为相对少雨期,70、80年代与平均值持平。     

亚洲璃眼蜱差异表达新基因P18的克隆和鉴定

为了进行抗蜱和蜱传病疫苗的研究,本实验对亚洲璃眼蜱雌蜱吸血前后唾液腺消减文库中获取的一个全长编码基因P18进行了研究。该基因全长519bp,共编码170个氨基酸,分子量为18.36Ku,等电点为4.28。BLAST分析表明,该基因预测的氨基酸与肩突硬蜱、篦子硬蜱唾液腺的抗凝血小肽有30%～40%低度同源性。将该基因亚克隆到pET-32a( )表达载体,转化BL21(DE3)宿主菌,经IPTG诱导,重组融合蛋白以可溶性形式高效表达。将可溶性重组蛋白免疫小鼠后获得的抗血清。经免疫印迹分析表明,该重组蛋白抗体可特异性的识别半饱雌蜱唾液腺中的天然蛋白抗原,而未吸血雌蜱唾液腺中则不显现特异条带。RT-PCR结果进一步证实,该基因在蜱吸血后的唾液腺中差异表达。     

Application of RAPD markers in the characterisation of Chrysanthemum varieties and the assessment of somaclonal variation

Characterisation of fifteen commercial varieties of Chrysanthemum was carried out through RAPD analysis. Varieties could be distinguished from each other and the level of similarity between varieties seemed to be not very high. In vitro cultures were establish from four varieties and were subjected to different proliferation conditions. Five individuals from each variety and treatment were analysed using RAPD at the beginning of the treatment and after a month of culture. Variation was detected at both stages of the culture period. The rate of variation found showed differences between varieties, but no significant difference was found between culture conditions. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.