协同治理模式下的大学生村官需求表达机制探索

在概述协同治理理论的基础上,分析了我国农村需求表达机制存在的问题,构建了协同治理模式下大学生村官需求表达机制。     

氨气敏电极法测定土壤全氮

用氨气敏电极测定土壤全氮,方法简单、快速、准确,操作安全,无需蒸馏和滴定。按照本文拟定的方法:首先在消解的溶液中加入10M 的 NaOH,使溶液近中性,以免测定时因待测液中加大量浓 NaOH 而引起液温剧烈变化。我们所制备的电极内充液可以减小电极薄膜内外两边溶液的渗透压差别。因此,所述方法测定土壤全氮要比一般氨气敏电极法更为准确。用所述氨气敏电极法和常用的开氏蒸馏法对17个含氮范围很广的土样测定所得的结果完全一致。因而所述方法适宜于批量土样全氮的测定。     

迎春5号杨生长评价与经营密度

迎春５号杨是牡丹江林区１９９２年从中国林科院引起的黑小杨混合系中选育出的优良无性系,该品种具有生长迅速,材质优良,抗性等优良特性,１５年生林分平均胸径达３０．１ｃｍ平均树高达２０．１ｍ,单株材积０．５１４９ｍ＾３,显著超过了小黑杨等参试品种,根据树冠面积与胸径相关关系选择数学模型进行拟合,得到ｙ＝ａ＋ｂｘ＋ｃｘ＾２＋ｄｘ＾３为最佳模型,以此编制迎春５号杨经营密度表。     

Suitability of the DNDC model to simulate yield production and nitrogen uptake for maize and soybean intercropping in the North China Plain

Intercropping is an important agronomic practice. However, assessment of intercropping systems using field experiments is often limited by time and cost. In this study, the suitability of using the DeNitrification DeComposition(DNDC) model to simulate intercropping of maize(Zea mays L.) and soybean(Glycine max L.) and its aftereffect on the succeeding wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) crop was tested in the North China Plain. First, the model was calibrated and corroborated to simulate crop yield and nitrogen(N) uptake based on a field experiment with a typical double cropping system. With a wheat crop in winter, the experiment included five treatments in summer: maize monoculture, soybean monoculture, intercropping of maize and soybean with no N topdressing to maize(N0), intercropping of maize and soybean with 75 kg N ha~(–1) topdressing to maize(N75), and intercropping of maize and soybean with 180 kg N ha~(–1) topdressing to maize(N180). All treatments had 45 kg N ha~(–1) as basal fertilizer. After calibration and corroboration, DNDC was used to simulate long-term(1955 to 2012) treatment effects on yield. Results showed that DNDC could stringently capture the yield and N uptake of the intercropping system under all N management scenarios, though it tended to underestimate wheat yield and N uptake under N0 and N75. Long-term simulation results showed that N75 led to the highest maize and soybean yields per unit planting area among all treatments, increasing maize yield by 59% and soybean yield by 24%, resulting in a land utilization rate 42% higher than monoculture. The results suggest a high potential to promote soybean production by intercropping soybean with maize in the North China Plain, which will help to meet the large national demand for soybean.     

油菜核不育两用系不育基因RAPD标记研究初报

为建立有效的不育基因分子标记辅助育种平台,以5个核不育两用系为研究材料,选用20条随机引物,利用RAPD混合集群分离分析法,对各两用系可育与不育基因池进行分子标记的初步分析.结果表明,在油研10号筛选到2个与不育基因相关的标记:BA2084-600和S1354-1300;在萝×诸中筛选到1个与不育基因相关的标记:LC02-500.在827AB、T18筛选到集团间有差异的引物,未筛选到通过集团单株检测的与其育性基因相关的标记.通过RAPD混合BSA法可以筛选到与不育基因相关的特异DNA标记.     

白桦不同方向功能叶片对微环境因子的光合响应

研究了白桦(Betulaplatyphylla)不同方向功能叶片(东向和南向)以净光合速率(Pn)为主要特征的光合作用日进程响应及净光合速率对环境因子的强度响应。结果表明,白桦的净光合速率与光合有效辐射(PAR)极显著相关(P<0.01),与气温(Ta)显著相关(P<0.05),而与大气相对湿度(RH)不相关。并首次提出了植物功能叶片“微环境”的概念。     

水稻智能信息化测土配方施肥试验

对水稻进行智能信息化测土配方施肥和常规施肥对比试验,结果表明:采用信息化测土配方施肥,禾苗返青快,有效穗多,成穗率高,抽穗期及成熟期均比常规施肥提前,平均每公顷生产稻谷8226.0kg,比常规施肥增产259.53kg,节本169.5元,增效610.6元。智能化测土配方施肥决策合理,准确性较高,经济效益较好,可在生产上大力推广。     

免耕覆盖对玉米产量及土壤肥力的影响

在10a玉米连作的基础上,研究免耕覆盖和传统耕作对玉米产量和养分吸收的影响及土壤养分的变化。结果表明:免耕覆盖可以增产1 012.5kg/hm2,增产率为17.6%。免耕覆盖可以减少玉米根部和茎叶对氮素的吸收,从而增加玉米籽粒中氮素含量;同时可以促进茎叶中的钾元素向籽粒和根部转移。免耕覆盖土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮含量比传统种植分别增加38.7%、22.8%、67%、41.6%,速效钾增幅较小,为3.0%,速效磷含量则表现为传统耕作比免耕覆盖高出1.20mg/kg。在免耕覆盖和传统耕作下,土壤硝态氮含量随土层深度的增加,均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,并且不同层次之间差异显著;免耕覆盖在110cm左右出现最大累积峰,而传统耕作最大累积峰出现在60cm左右。     

杨树叶锈病组织病理学和细胞学研究

对杨树叶锈病(Melampsora larici-populina)从寄主与病原菌互作的组织病理学及细胞学的研究历史、组织病理学事件、栅锈菌发育的细胞学特点以及寄主细胞的抗性反应等方面进行了评述。     

杨树深松插干植树机的试验研究

杨树深松插干造林技术是一项效率高、成本低、成活率高、易于推广的技术．杨树深松插干植树机结构简单,易于加工制造,作业效率高,性能稳定可靠,适合于在干旱半干旱沙地进行深栽造林作业．