雅安藏茶茶多糖对~(60)Co-γ射线辐照损伤小鼠抗氧化和造血功能的防护作用

为探究雅安藏茶茶多糖对~(60)Co-γ射线辐射损伤小鼠抗辐射作用的影响,从雅安藏茶中提取茶多糖,用不同浓度(50、100、200 mg·kg-1·d-1)的茶多糖连续15 d灌胃小鼠,在第6天采用5Gy的~(60)Co-γ射线一次性全身辐照各组小鼠,灌胃第16天测定各组小鼠外周血细胞、肝脏组织总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、总超强氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性和总蛋白(TP)含量等指标。结果表明,与单纯辐照组相比,雅安藏茶茶多糖能显著提高辐照损伤小鼠的外周血细胞数量,极显著提高肝脏组织T-AOC、T-SOD活性和股骨骨髓DNA含量,极显著降低肝脏MDA含量,缓解了免疫器官胸腺的萎缩;且随着茶多糖浓度的增加,其抗辐射作用效果增强。综上,雅安藏茶茶多糖对~(60)Co-γ射线辐照损伤小鼠抗氧化功能和造血功能具有较强的防护作用,且具有一定的剂量效应。本研究结果为进一步深入探究茶多糖防辐射作用机理提供了新参考,也为雅安藏茶辐照保健功效研究提供了一定的理论依据。     

黄原胶溶液模拟消化污泥流动性能分析

为污泥消化反应器流场的可视化研究提供可行性方法,该文根据同流体流动相似准则分别从密度和流变学特性来分析黄原胶透明溶液作为常规消化污泥相似溶液的可行性。采用质量法和流变仪分别测量不同浓度污泥和添加KCl的黄原胶溶液的密度及流变特性。结果表明15 g/L添加KCl的黄原胶溶液与95%含水率污泥在密度不具有显著性差异的前提下具有相似的流变特性,流变曲线的决定系数分别为R2=0.995 3(动力黏度)、R2=0.893 5(剪切应力),均为典型的假塑性非牛顿流体。混合试验表明2种流体中示踪剂浓度的变化规律相似且均在40 min后趋于平衡浓度50 mg/L。等同性分析表明,在显著性水平α=0.05时,2种流体中以流变特性和密度为参数的双侧t检验不具有显著性差异,符合同流体流动相似准则。故添加KCl的黄原胶溶液可以作为污泥的透明相似溶液,为污泥等不透明生物质流体厌氧消化的模拟及可视化研究奠定基础。     

麝香石斛组织培养过程中生长效应及多糖含量变化

麝香石斛(Dendrobium parishii Rchb.f.)是原种石斛,具有很高的观赏价值和药用价值。试验利用组织培养技术筛选培养基合适的激素浓度,在最优条件下观察麝香石斛试管苗7~108 d的生长情况,分析麝香石斛不同生长阶段植物多糖含量的变化情况和积累规律。结果显示,麝香石斛多糖含量随培养时间的增加而提高,0~40 d增长速率较为缓慢,40~80 d增长较快,之后的多糖含量又开始趋于平缓。     

Improvement in growth and alkaloid content of Rauwolfia serpentina on application of organic matrix entrapped biofertilizers (Azotobacter chroococcum,Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas putida)

The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of conventional chemical fertilizer (urea),conventional biofertilizers (charcoal based) and organic matrix entrapped biofertilizer; (OMEB: a consortium of Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomnas putida entrapped with clay soil, neem leaves, and cow dung in ratio of 1:1:1 and 15% saresh (plant gum of Acacia sp.) in various doses on growth parameters of Rauwolfia serpentina in terms of root length, shoot length, number of leaves, number of roots and fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots. Replacement of conventional chemical fertilizer by the consortium of biofertilizers (un-entrapped) increased plant growth in a dose dependent manner up to triple dose of the recommended dose (RD) of biofertilizers (1.80 kg ha-1). This increase in plant growth was not up to the level which appeared in the application of RD of urea. Entrapment of the same biofertilizers in an organic matrix mentioned above enhanced the plant growth similar to that observed for urea. The percentage increase of 9.57 and 7.54 in fresh weight (FW) and 11.93 and 11.12% in dry weight (DW) of shoot and 17.94 and 37.87% in FW of roots and 31.90 and 50.08% in DW of roots were recorded in 75 days old plant by the application of OMEB- triple dose over the conventional biofertilizers triple dose and recommended dose of urea. Conventional biofertilizers enhanced the availability of nitrate, nitrite and phosphate in the roots and leaves of the plant over application of urea as well as conventional biofertilizers. This formulation also increased alkaloid contents of in the roots of this plant. Microbial population of soil was also improved indicating enhanced soil fertility with application of OMEB. The results indicate that replacement of chemical fertilizers with microbial biofertilizers is possible with application of higher dose of biofertilizers entrapped into the organic matrix for the cultivation of medicinal plants like R. serpentina.     

霍山石斛水溶性多糖抗亚急性酒精性肝损伤研究

[目的]研究霍山石斛水溶性多糖抗小鼠亚急性酒精性肝损伤的作用。[方法]制备霍山石斛水溶性多糖;以连续灌胃30%乙醇(V/V,10 m L/kg)15 d的小鼠为亚急性酒精性肝损伤模型,水溶性多糖连续灌胃30 d后,称量小鼠体重和肝脏重量,观察肝组织损伤病理变化,并检测血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性以及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)的含量,同时测定肝脏中乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)、乙醛脱氢酶(ALDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)的活性以及还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量。[结果]霍山石斛水溶性多糖各剂量可有效抑制酒精引起的小鼠血清中ALT、AST、ALP、HDL-C、LDL-C、TC、TG水平的变化,增强肝组织中ADH、ALDH、SOD、GSHPX的活性,抑制肝组织中GSH含量的降低和MDA含量的升高,减轻酒精对肝脏的病理损伤。[结论]霍山石斛水溶性多糖对亚急性酒精性肝损伤具有显著的保护作用。     

鹿药多糖的超声提取工艺及含量测定

以野生鹿药(Smilacina japonica A.Gray)的根茎及根为对象,研究了鹿药多糖的超声提取工艺并测定了多糖含量。结果表明:水为提取剂,超声提取的最佳工艺参数为料液比1∶20(g∶mL),温度30℃,超声时间20 min。多糖含量测定采用苯酚-硫酸法,葡萄糖为对照品,最大吸收波长490 nm,回归方程为A=13.049C+0.003 7,r=0.999 8,该方法的精密度、重复性、加样回收率、稳定性的RSD分别为3.80%、4.43%、0.04%、0.16%。采用最佳工艺提取和含量测定,测得鹿药中多糖含量为(23.79±0.02)%。     

Growth Inhibitory Effects of Garlic Polysaccharide on Human HepG2 Cells

[Objective] The growth inhibitory effects of garlic polysaccharide (GPS) on human HepG2 cells were evaluated in this paper.[Method] HepG2 cells were treated with GPS for 48 h for morphology assay by transition electron microscope.Anti-proliferative effects with the same treatment for 24 hand 48 h were assayed by MTT method.Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis assay of treated cells were performed in flow cytometry.[Result] The results showed that GPS enhanced growth inhibitory effect on HepG2 cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner.PI (Propidium iodide)/Annexin V staining analyzed by FCM (flow cytometry) demonstrated that GPS has a cytotoxic effect on tumor cells.Cell cycle arrest of HepG2 treated with GPS occurred in G2 phase.[Conclusion] This study suggests thatGPS could exert an antitumor effect and could be used as a therapeutic agent for live cancer.     

获得最大酵母多糖提取率的破壁方法研究

试验旨在选择获得最大酵母多糖提取率的酵母菌破壁方法。以酵母多糖提取率与细胞破壁率为综合评定指标,首先对超声波破碎、超声波清洗、反复冻融、蛋白酶处理4种方法进行条件优化,选择最适破壁条件;然后将此4种单一的破壁方法与超声波破碎和蛋白酶处理协同方法相比较,确定获得最大多糖提取率的破壁方法。结果表明,当超声波清洗时间达到40 min、超声波破碎时间达到50 min时,酵母多糖提取率达到最大值;当菌泥加水量和冻融次数分别为15%与3次时,多糖提取率最大;当蛋白酶用量300 IU/g、酶解时间15 h、pH 5.0、处理温度40℃时,蛋白酶处理的多糖提取率最高。4种破壁方法中蛋白酶处理的效果最佳,对应的多糖提取率为149.81 mg/g,破壁率为53.49%。协同破壁处理的提取效果要优于单一的破壁方法,但考虑到协同作用对多糖结构的完整性构成威胁,将蛋白酶处理确定为最佳的酵母菌破壁方法。     

内生真菌多糖浸种对苦荞出苗及幼苗素质的影响

以川荞1号和西荞1号为试验材料,研究了内生真菌多糖(0、100、200、400、800 mg/kg)浸种对苦荞出苗和幼苗素质的影响。结果表明:内生真菌多糖浸种显著提高了川荞1号和西荞1号的出苗率,以100 mg/kg处理最高,比对照分别提高16.0%和17.4%。苦荞幼苗性状方面,内生菌多糖浸种显著增加了植株高度、第一节间长度和单株叶面积,两个品种表现趋势相同。浸种对苦荞幼苗各器官(根、茎和叶)的干物质重和根冠比有显著影响,均随着浓度的增加呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,以100 mg/kg浓度处理最高,两个品种表现趋势一致。苦荞幼苗的根系活性和SPAD值也以100 mg/kg处理最高,分别比对照高31.6%～34.9%和3.1%～3.6%。综合可知,采用100 mg/kg内生真菌多糖浸种最有利于提高苦荞出苗率和幼苗素质。     

小刺猴头菌发酵浸膏多糖体外抗氧化活性分析

为研究小刺猴头菌[Hericium caput-medusae(Bull.:Fr.)Pers]发酵浸膏多糖的抗氧化活性。以工厂化小刺猴头菌发酵浸膏为原料,采用透析法分级,DEAE sepharose fast flow柱层析纯化,分别获得粗多糖组分HFCP1和中性多糖HFCP1-1;通过PMP柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法和红外光谱法对单糖组成和结构进行分析,单糖组成均以葡萄糖和半乳糖为主。化学法检测多糖抗氧化活性,结果显示:HFCP1和HFCP1-1清除羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、2,2′-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate,ABTS+)和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)的IC50值分别为7.66和6.77mg/mL、6.16和5.30mg/mL、0.63和0.85mg/mL、0.39和2.62mg/mL。以RAW264.7细胞建立H2O2诱导损伤模型,细胞抗氧化结果表明:HFCP1和HFCP1-1处理组与模型组相比均显著增强细胞活力(P0.05),浓度为100和200mg/L时MDA含量与模型组相比均显著下降(P0.05);HFCP1浓度为100和200mg/L时与模型组相比显著增加SOD和GSH-Px的活性(P0.05);HFCP1-1浓度为200mg/L时与模型组相比显著增加SOD活性(P0.05);也能增加GSH-Px的活性,但未达到显著水平(P0.05)。