茶多酚和茶多糖清除羟基自由基的效果

[目的]研究茶多酚、茶多糖对羟基自由基(.OH)的清除效果,为茶叶的药理作用提供理论依据。[方法]采用Fenton法产生.OH使溴甲酚紫褪色的反应,在反应中加入一定剂量的茶多酚和茶多糖,测定它们清除.OH的效果,并同硫脲的作用进行比较。[结果]1.0mg/ml茶多酚在剂量0.4 ml时对.OH清除率最大,达到76.04%。1.0 mg/ml茶多糖在剂量0.5 ml时对.OH清除率最大,达到80.97%。0.1～0.3 ml 1.0 mg/ml茶多糖对.OH的清除率显著高于同剂量和浓度下的茶多酚(P<0.05或0.01),但剂量达到0.4 ml后,两者的作用无显著差异(P>0.05)。0.1 mg/ml硫脲在剂量0.6 ml时对.OH清除率最大,达到64.28%。[结论]茶多酚、茶多糖在体外对.OH有显著的清除作用,且在一定剂量范围内清除率与剂量呈线性关系,但茶多酚和茶多糖对.OH的清除率不及硫脲。     

茶多酚在日化产品中的应用

近年来,茶多酚在洗漱用品、护肤品、纺织品等领域的应用日益广泛,茶叶深加工产品的开发与应用促进了茶产业的转型升级。文章介绍了茶多酚在日化产品中的应用、相关功效,在应用时存在的问题和解决办法,为茶叶深加工产品的开发提供参考。     

茶多酚抗氧化机理研究现状

茶多酚是茶叶中的一种主要活性成份, 有着独特的抗氧化效果。其抗氧化机理表现在6个方面: 作用于自由基有关的酶, 直接作用于自由基, 络合金属离子, 再生体内高效抗氧化剂,与其他成份协同增效和调节机体免疫力。文中对此进行了综述。     

啤酒花茎多酚的提取优化及其抗氧化活性

为啤酒花加工废弃物的综合开发利用提供参考,以啤酒花茎为试验材料,采用超声辅助丙酮法提取多酚,通过单因素试验考察料液比、提取时间、丙酮体积分数和提取次数4个因素对啤酒花茎多酚含量的影响,并利用响应面法优化其提取工艺。结果表明:通对响应面法建立的啤酒花茎多酚提取回归方程为Y=106.5+1.64A+2.13B+2.63C+11.12D+0.51AB-2.53AC+0.19AD+4.37BC-0.87BD-0.24CD-3.85A~2-2.41B~2+1.04C~2-3.65D~2,模型决定系数R2=0.933 8,该回归模型的拟合程度良好;最佳提取工艺为提取时间20min、料液比1∶12、丙酮体积分数60%、提取4次,此条件提取啤酒花茎多酚的含量为115.89mg/g,与理论预测值116.56mg/g接近。啤酒花茎多酚对DPPH自由基的清除率为90.70%,半清除浓度(SC_(50))为22.81g/mL。采用响应面法优化的啤酒花茎多酚超声辅助提取工艺准确可靠,可用于啤酒花茎多酚的实际提取;啤酒花茎多酚具有较强的抗氧化活性,可作为天然抗氧化资源进行开发利用。     

Polyphenols in Eucalyptus leaves improved the egg and meat qualities and protected against ethanol‐induced oxidative damage in laying hens

Polyphenols in Eucalyptus leaves (PE) were value resources due to various pharmacological activities, but data on the effect on laying hens are very scare. This study was conducted to determine the effect of PE on the laying performance, egg traits, meat quality, antioxidant status and liver tissues of laying hens. One hundred and twenty 256‐day‐old Yueqinhuang laying hens were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (different levels of PE at 0, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.2 g/kg diet) for 63 days with 15 replicates per group. Addition of 0.8 g/kg PE not only improved the egg trait by increasing the eggshell thickness and decreasing MDA production and cholesterol content in the egg yolk, but also significantly enhanced meat quality of hens, as suggested by the increase pH_45 min (p < .01) and a* value, and decrease drip loss rate (p < .01). Meanwhile, under acute ethanol‐induced oxidative damage condition, supplementation of 0.8 g/kg PE enhanced the serum antioxidant status by increasing enzymatic activities (GSH‐PX, T‐SOD, T‐AOC), inhibited oxidative damage and provided protective effect to liver tissue. In conclusion, addition of 0.8 g/kg PE not only improved the egg traits and meat quality without obvious adverse effects, but also increased the serum antioxidant status of the hens and protected their liver tissue from ethanol‐induced oxidative damage. This study indicated that PE could be utilized as an effective feed additive for laying hens to improve health performance and egg traits.     

玉米皮多酚提取工艺优化及抗氧化性研究

为探究超声辅助酶解法提取玉米皮多酚的最优工艺,并探讨其体外抗氧化活性,以玉米皮多酚提取量为响应值,分别考察超声时间、提取温度、料液比和酶添加量4个因素对提取效果的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,采用中心组合响应面分析法对提取工艺进行优化。结果表明,最佳提取条件为:超声时间6.5 min、酶解温度55℃、液料比41 mL·g^-1、木聚糖酶添加量2.10%,此条件下,玉米皮多酚提取量最高,为7.26 ± 0.15 mg·g^-1,与响应面预测值7.17 mg·g^-1相近。DPPH·和ABTS⁺·清除法抗氧化试验结果表明,玉米皮多酚具有较强的抗氧化能力,可作为潜在天然抗氧化剂应用于食品行业。本研究结果为玉米加工副产物玉米皮综合应用提供了理论依据。     

美国山核桃总多酚与总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性

为研究不同种质美国山核桃中总多酚与总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性的差异,对29个美国山核桃种质脱脂种仁的总多酚、总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性进行测定和比较。结果表明,29个美国山核桃种质脱脂种仁的总多酚、总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性存在显著差异,其中ZL86号种质总多酚含量最高,为47.96mg GAE·g~(-1),且抗氧化活性最强;ZL65号种质总黄酮含量最高,为24.01 mg RE·g~(-1);总多酚、总黄酮含量均与抗氧化活性呈极显著正相关。聚类分析将29个种质分为2类:Ⅰ类包含18个种质,其总多酚含量、总黄酮含量和抗氧化活性均较低;Ⅱ类包含11个种质,其总多酚含量、总黄酮含量和抗氧化活性均较高。本研究为美国山核桃品种的选育提供了一定的理论依据。     

Preparation and Quality Evaluation of Nutritionally Enriched Jam Made from Blends of Indian Blackberry and Other Fruits

Jamun (Syzygium cumini) is a tropical, underutilized fruit which is highly perishable in nature. It is a good source of vitamin C, tannins, gallic acid and anthocyanins and its beneficial effects are mostly due to the presence of bioactive compounds (pigments and phenolic compounds) in it. Due to astringent and fibrous nature, preparation of jam from jamun pulp is quite difficult, but other fruits (apple and kiwifruit) can be incorporated in it to improve its quality. This study aims to develop jam from blends of jamun with other fruits and analyse various physico-chemical, nutritional, textural and sensory properties. It was found that physico-chemical properties of jams were not found to vary greatly, but the jamun–kiwifruit jam was found to have fairly high amount of antioxidants(46.75 ± 0.67%), tartaric acid (26.24 ± 0.02 mg/100g sample), ascorbic acid (0.08 ± 0.01 mg/100 g sample) and lactic acid (23.95 ± 0.01 mg/100g sample) and lowest amount of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (0.38 ± 0.04 mg/100 g sample). Jamun jam and jamun–kiwifruit jam possessed the texture required for jam while jamun–apple jam was found to be a relatively harder gel. Jam made with jamun and kiwifruit pulp was found to have highest acceptability on the basis of sensory evaluation.     

茶多酚高通量检测技术研究进展

茶多酚是茶叶的主要活性成分,具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗衰老、降血糖、防辐射等多种生物学活性。然而,茶多酚的不稳定性极大限制其进一步开发应用。茶多酚易受光线、温度、pH等因素影响而发生氧化、聚合和缩合,从而使其活性改变。因此,茶多酚组分的高通量快速检测在生物学及临床上具有重要意义。高效液相色谱法、毛细管电泳法、近红外光谱法、核磁共振等均是茶多酚组分高通量检测的主要方法,但这些方法各有优劣。对茶多酚高通量快速检测技术及其相关应用进行了归纳和总结,并对其优势及存在的问题进行分析,以期为茶多酚组分的高通量检测提供参考。     

GC-MS结合保留指数分析白柠檬油挥发性成分

本文综述了果蔬多酚的分类、成分、含量、抗氧化作用和机理,展望了其发展空间和市场前景,以期为果蔬多酚的应用和开发提供参考。