河北滨海平原区种植业结构调整探析

以1985-2010年统计数据为基础,运用定量与定性相结合的分析方法,对河北滨海平原区1985-2010年种植结构调整过程进行了初步研究,明确了该区不同时期粮食作物、油料作物、棉花、蔬菜、水果等作物的结构和变化趋势,分析了该区种植业结构调整的内在原因及动力,并对河北滨海平原区未来种植结构调整的方向和重点进行了讨论.     

Modelling of vertical density profile of particleboard,manufactured from hardwood sawmill residue

Abstract

Particleboards are generally made in three layers using softwood as the major raw material. Limitation on natural wood resources and concerns about the carbon footprint of products has created a significant interest in environmentally friendly or ‘green’ building materials. Hardwood sawmill residue, which has been disposed as solid waste, was investigated by authors as the main raw material for producing particleboard at RMIT University, Australia. Physical and mechanical properties of final particleboard were measured and analysed against original materials and process variables. The density of a particleboard along its thickness direction is not uniform, and is called the vertical density profile (VDP) which is dependent upon processing parameters. The VDP influences particleboard properties including flexural strength and its dimensional stability and fastening capacity. It is important to influence the formation of the VDP, altering processing variables, to achieve optimum particleboard properties. This paper presents an attempt to develop a model to predict the formation of the VDP of hardwood residue particleboard compared to processing parameters, using the theory of experimental design. The advantages of such a model in optimising particleboard properties are also discussed.     

Interaction Between Plant Roots and Soil Water Flow in Response to Preferential Flow Paths in Northern China

Preferential flow is expected to provide preferential channels for plant root growth and variations in soil water flow, but few studies were conducted to imply the impacts of these changes, particularly for preferential flow in stony soils. This study aimed to characterize soil water flow and plant root distribution in response to preferential flow paths and quantitatively describe the relation between plant root distribution and soil water flow. Field dye‐tracing experiments centered on experimental plants were conducted to determine the root length density and soil water flow process. Laboratory analyses were performed to characterize changes in the relative concentration of the accumulated effluent and the degree of interaction between plant roots and soil water flow. The amount of fine plant roots with preferential flow paths decreased with increasing soil depth for all experimental plots. The largest plant roots were recorded in the upper soil layers to a depth of 20 cm. The relative concentration of the accumulated effluent increased with time and decreased with soil depth under saturated soil conditions, whereas a distinct early turning point for the relative concentration of the accumulated effluent was observed in the 0–20‐cm soil columns, and the relative concentration of the accumulated effluent initially decreased and then increased with time under unsaturated soil conditions. This study provides quantitative information with which to characterize the interaction between plant roots and soil water flow in response to preferential flow paths in soil–plant–water systems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Coarse woody debris in late-successional Picea abies forests in northern Europe: Variability in quantities and models of decay class dynamics

Coarse woody debris pools and their decay class dynamics were studied in three areas of unmanaged boreal forest in northern Finland, and in the Murmansk and Arkhangelsk provinces in northwestern Russia. The study areas had varying climatic and edaphic conditions, and disturbance histories. Living and dead trees (diameter at 1.3 m height ≥10 cm) were measured in five late-successional Picea abies-dominated stands in each of the three areas. Wood density and time since death were determined from randomly sampled dead P. abies, and their decay class dynamics were modeled using stage-based matrix models.     

氧气低温等离子体不同处理功率脱除MDF板中游离甲醛研究

应用低温等离子体技术，研究中密度纤维板中游离甲醛的脱除机理和效率。结果表明，处理时间10min，随着放电功率的增加，甲醛的脱除效率也逐渐增大；处理后板材的静曲强度、弹性模量和肉结奢强度也均有不同程度的提高。     

The density dilemma: limitations on juvenile production in threatened salmon populations

Density‐dependent processes have repeatedly been shown to have a central role in salmonid population dynamics, but are often assumed to be negligible for populations at low abundances relative to historical records. Density dependence has been observed in overall spring/summer Snake River Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha production, but it is not clear how patterns observed at the aggregate level relate to individual populations within the basin. We used a Bayesian hierarchical modelling approach to explore the degree of density dependence in juvenile production for nine Idaho populations. Our results indicate that density dependence is ubiquitous, although its strength varies between populations. We also investigated the processes driving the population‐level pattern and found density‐dependent growth and mortality present for both common life‐history strategies, but no evidence of density‐dependent movement. Overwinter mortality, spatial clustering of redds and limited resource availability were identified as potentially important limiting factors contributing to density dependence. The ubiquity of density dependence for these threatened populations is alarming as stability at present low abundance levels suggests recovery may be difficult without major changes. We conclude that density dependence at the population level is common and must be considered in demographic analysis and management.     

仁寿县种草养畜生产现状调查报告

仁寿县 (四川农区种草养畜生产发展的重点县 )种草养羊、养牛、养兔、养鹅、养猪发展变化很大 ,是耗粮型畜牧业向节粮型畜牧业转变的典型代表。要加强搞好草畜配套 ,以畜定草工作。大力发展牧草品种、数量和种植面积。     

8203号杨木材基本性质的测定

本文对８２０３号和木材基本性质进行了测定，其结果：基本密度０．３４５ｇ／ｃｍ＾２；气干密度０．４０ｇ／ｃｍ＾２；干缩系数０．３６；纤维长度１３３７μｍ，长宽比５１；综纤维素含量８０％。８２０３号杨适宜制作各种板材及建筑用材，同时也是较理想的制浆、造纸材种。     

General Situation of Wood Resource Utilization and Processing of Recycled Fibers in China

lntroductionItisconsidercdthatwoodasarcsourcctvillbcplaccdhighin2lstcenmpandasl1ortageoft`-oodt`illoccuriftheconditionoftheforestsoftl1cttorldisnotimproved.Tomakethcconscrvationofglobalen`.ironl11entandgndlivingofhumanbcings'tcndingofforcstandwiscuseOfwoo…     

对退耕还林工程中种草的探讨

分析种草在退耕还林工程中的重要地位和作用 ,提出退耕种草的草种选择和种植模式 ,并探讨发展草产业的途径和方向