国内科研评价制度对科技期刊的影响

通过分析在中国现有的科研评价制度下科技期刊发展存在优秀稿件外流、审稿不严、编校水平低、学术诚信不高等问题的基础上,对科技期刊的发展提出了建议。     

Bio-based Coating from Fish Gelatin,K-Carrageenan and Extract of Pomegranate Peels for Maintaining the Overall Qualities of Fish Fillet

ABSTRACT

To maintain the overall quality of fisheries products, functional edible coatings from natural ingredients including fish gelatin (Gf), k-carrageenan (Cr), and extract of pomegranate peels (PPE) were composed. The Gf was extracted from blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus), microencapsulated with Cr, and then loaded with PPE (at concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%). The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of Gf/Cr composites verified their cross-linkage and functionality; the Gf/Cr microcapsules had a mean particle size of 36.2 µm with good distribution and homogeneity. The coating of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets, with constructed solutions from Gf/Cr/PPE, revealed their positive effects on fillet quality attributes; the effectiveness was dependent on the supplemented PPE concentration. The Gf/Cr/PPE solutions could effectively reduce the microbial counts of total aerobics, psychrotrophs, yeast and molds, and enterobacteriaceae groups throughout 30 days of refrigerated storage. Additionally, the analysis of spoilage chemical parameters (total volatile basic nitrogen, peroxide value, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) in coated samples indicated that formulated solutions could hinder the increase of their values during storage. The sensorial evaluation indicated the acceptability and validity of coated samples for up to 30 days of storage. Gf/Cr/PPE coating is recommended for overall quality maintenance of fish fillets and prolongation of storage using safe and healthy biopreservatives.     

Determination of nuclear magnetic resonance T2 cutoff in remoulded loess by the freezing point

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is widely applied to characterize the microscopic properties of hydrogen-containing porous media. The transverse relaxation time cutoff (T_2c) value is the crucial parameter for the quantitative analysis of NMR data. Currently, there is no universal method for the determination of the T_2c in clayey soils. This study aimed to develop a laboratory method for determining the T_2c of remoulded loess by the freezing point of loosely bound water. Malan loess, a kind of typical clayey silt, was used as test material. Based on the soil freezing characteristic, NMR measurements were performed on remoulded loess with different macro-parameter controls during the cooling process to obtain the T₂ spectrum at each target temperature. By analysing the variation of unfrozen water content with temperature reduction, the freezing point of loosely bound water and the T_2c value within the freezing-point range was determined. The freezing point of loosely bound water in remoulded loess is about −3 to −5°C and that of firmly bound water is less than −5°C. Accordingly, the T_2c value of remoulded loess is determined to be 1.5–1.8 ms. The assessment of heating and cooling process and different methods for determining the T_2c shows that the laboratory method by the freezing point is effective and reliable, and the T_2c determined by statistical methods is worthy of further study and improvement. The saturated permeability of remoulded loess is evaluated according to the determined T_2c, and two NMR-based permeability equations can well reflect pore water distribution in remoulded loess, but to a certain extent, both equations ignore soil microstructure, pore connectivity and chemical effects of pore solution. The laboratory method by the freezing point and the determined T_2c value of remoulded loess fill the gap of NMR measurement in loess analysis and are of great significance for low-plastic clays and clay types.     

基于AHP法的郑州城市公园康养景观评价

以郑州市人民公园为对象,应用层次分析法,通过6个准则层因素和30个指标层因素来研究影响城市公园康养景观的重要景观因素。结果表明:1）准则层的权重由大到小排序为:安全性B₁（0.355 0）、健康性B₂（0.232 0）、生态性B₅（0.150 3）、人文关怀B₆（0.133 6）、便捷性B₄（0.082 8）、舒适性B₃（0.046 4）;2）指标层的重要性程度中最高值和最低值分别为:B₁的空间布局的安全性（0.359 2）、植物品种的安全性（0.061 5）,B₂的疾病预防（0.448 1）、增强体力（0.072 2）,B₃的空间尺度的舒适性（0.333 7）、色彩的舒适性（0.030 2）,B₄的空间的可达性（0.473 2）、交通的合理性（0.122 0）,B₅的景观多样性（0.479 6）、物种多样性（0.115 0）,B₆的无障碍设施的人性化（0.481 3）、标识系统的人性化（0.097 9）;3）人民公园的综合评分为3.689 7,评级为“良”。该研究为今后科学系统地进行城市公园康养景观评价提供参考依据。     

近５０年辽西北半干旱区降水变化与 花生水分适宜性评价

辽宁省花生优势区域的拓展及转移受多种因素制约,且以降水量的制约最为明显。为探讨辽宁花生产业的区域布局及拓展空间,以阜新近50 a的降水变化为例,采用降水保证率、降水变率、土壤水分蒸发量及土壤水分盈亏特征等参数分析辽西北降水规律,并进行花生水分适宜性评价。分析表明,“十年九旱”仍是辽西北基本气候特征,且这种特征可能有继续恶化趋势。该区域4-5月的降水保证率偏低,土壤缺水量达100 mm ,冬春季的降水变率大于110％,发生春旱的机率最大,对花生春播极其不利。而从花生生长季节水分分析,辽西北的降水条件基本能够满足花生生长对水分的需求,且花生生物产量 y与降水量x间显著服从于方程y＝ a＋ bx ,相关系数 r＝0．999。从区域可持续发展角度出发,辽西北花生生产需着重攻克避旱播种、生态防风蚀和避免与粮争地等三个方面的技术难点。     

Study on smellscape perception and landscape application of fragrant plants

Plants in parks emit different fragrances. How will these fragrances affect us? How can we better allocate these plants? In this paper, five kinds of traditional fragrant plants in northern China were selected for fragrance analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and the fragrance types and diffusion process were analyzed by a smell-walking method. Subjective evaluation of fragrance perception was carried out in outdoor plant communities using a semantic differential method. At the same time, the application of fragrant plants was discussed. The purpose was to explore the relationship between smellscape and perception and provide a reference for smellscape map drawing and landscape application of fragrant plants. Study plants were shown to plants present different fragrance types: monoterpense, syringaldehyde, β-ionone and acetic acid phenylmethyl ester were the main compounds of magnolia, syringa, osmanthus and wintersweet, and linalool was also the major compounds of tree peony, osmanthus and wintersweet. Smell-walking survey reported that magnolia and tree peony exhibited a woody and light medicinal fragrance, syringa emitted a powerful hyacinth-like odor, osmanthus had a strong sweet smell, and wintersweet had a fresh sweet smell. And subjective evaluation of fragrance perception was positive; the evaluation value of osmanthus was the highest, followed by magnolia and wintersweet, and finally syringa and tree peony. Further, subjects found tree peony to be less pleasant because of its mixed fragrance. We also found that fragrance concentration and diffusion were related to plant density, tree height, receptor location and spatial range. Other factors, such as surrounding plants, landscape architecture, rockery and water also affected fragrance diffusion. Our findings show that these myriad factors should be considered comprehensively in plant allocation.     

基于ModelBuilder的垦造水田耕地质量等别评价

为快速准确的掌握土地整治工程前后耕地质量等别的时空变化信息,提升耕地质量等别评价实践工作效率,以连平县隆街镇沐河村垦造水田项目区为研究区域,将传统农用地分等方法与ModelBuilder建模方法融合,构建了垦造水田工程项目背景下的耕地质量等别快速评价框架体系.研究以连平县2016年耕地质量等别更新成果作为数据基础,结合...     

发酵饲料中抑菌菌种筛选及抑菌性能评估方法的初步研究

试验通过牛津杯法筛选出抑制金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌性能较强的一株乳酸菌L3和两株芽孢杆菌D9、K9.将其用于制作发酵饲料,提升发酵饲料的抑菌性能.试验初步研究发酵饲料的体外抑菌性能评估方法.结果表明,用80％的乙醇溶液作为发酵饲料的前提取溶剂可增加抑菌物质的溶解,浓缩提取液的浓度可使发酵样品的抑菌效果更加明显.     

补播羊草和黄花苜蓿对退化草甸植物群落特征的影响

呼伦贝尔草原区是我国北方重要的生态屏障,近年来不合理的利用方式导致该地区退化草地面积不断扩大,为了探究牧草补播时间及补播比例对呼伦贝尔退化草甸草原植物群落特征的影响,为该地区退化草地修复提供依据.本研究以羊草(Leymus chinensis(Trin.)Tzvel.)和黄花苜蓿(Medicago falcata L....     

青海扁茎早熟禾混播草地生产性能与种间关系的研究

为了探究早熟禾混播草地种间关系与生产特征,使用'青海'中华羊茅(Festuca sinensis' Qinghai')、'青牧1号'老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus' Qingmu No.1')、'同德'小花碱茅(Puccinellia tenui flora'Tongde')分别与'青海'扁茎早熟禾(Poa ...