The Alleviating Effect of Elevated CO2 on Heat Stress Susceptibility of Two Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars

This study analysed the alleviating effect of elevated CO₂ on stress‐induced decreases in photosynthesis and changes in carbohydrate metabolism in two wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) of different origin. The plants were grown in ambient (400 μl l^?1) and elevated (800 μl l^?1) CO₂ with a day/night temperature of 15/10 °C. At the growth stages of tillering, booting and anthesis, the plants were subjected to heat stress of 40 °C for three continuous days. Photosynthetic parameters, maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry (F_v/F_m) and contents of pigments and carbohydrates in leaves were analysed before and during the stress treatments as well as after 1 day of recovery. Heat stress reduced P_N and F_v/F_m in both wheat cultivars, but plants grown in elevated CO₂ maintained higher P_N and F_v/F_m in comparison with plants grown in ambient CO₂. Heat stress reduced leaf chlorophyll contents and increased leaf sucrose contents in both cultivars grown at ambient and elevated CO₂. The content of hexoses in the leaves increased mainly in the tolerant cultivar in response to the combination of elevated CO₂ and heat stress. The results show that heat stress tolerance in wheat is related to cultivar origin, the phenological stage of the plants and can be alleviated by elevated CO₂. This confirms the complex interrelation between environmental factors and genotypic traits that influence crop performance under various climatic stresses.     

不同品种青贮玉米群体光合性能指标的变化

通过对不同青贮玉米品种群体光合性能指标的研究结果表明，不同青贮玉米品种叶面积指数、光合势、群体生长率在整个生育期均呈单峰曲线变化，峰值出现在散粉至乳熟期间，因不同品种而异。净同化率则呈“马鞍”型曲线变化。多分蘖品种科试1号、植株高大品种东陵白与农大647在生育期间叶面积指数和光合势均较高，东陵白生育前、中期群体生长率显著高于其它品种，且高值持续时间较长，这是其生物产量高的生理基础。生产中，采取合理栽培措施，克服此类品种植株高大、个体繁茂、群体郁蔽导致植株病害和倒伏严重的不足，可实现青贮玉米群体生物产量的进一步提高。     

温度对黄瓜光合作用及~(14)C-同化物运转分配的影响

黄瓜的光合适温随生育发展而提高,生育前期为30℃,中后期为35℃。温度高气孔阻力减少、蒸腾强度加大。叶片的~(14)C-同化物在白天以30℃输出最多,经过一昼夜则表现为随温度升高输出率增加。生育前期和中期,30℃时果实得到的~(14)C-同化物多,35℃时茎叶、生长点得到的~(14)C-同化物多。后期,35℃时果实的~(14)C-同化物分配率最大,25℃时茎叶得到的~(14)C-同化物多。     

光合细菌的特性及其在废水处理中的应用

本文系统综述了光合细菌的生理生化特征,并介绍了光合细菌法在废水处理中的应用和研究进展.     

Quinone Binding Sites of Membrane Proteins as Targets for Inhibitors

Quinones are a central component of most photosynthetic and respiratory electron transfer chains. The proteins that reduce and oxidise these quinones have quinone binding sites—Q sites—that are good targets for pesticides. This paper reviews the diversity of these sites, their possible structure, and the types of compounds that act upon them.     

设施繁育茶苗适宜光照强度研究

研究在不同光照条件下（光强分别为自然光的8%、15%、35%、42%、50%及75%）生长的茶树扦插苗的光合作用,叶绿素含量和生长情况。结果表明：茶树扦插苗的光合速率（P_n）、最大光合速率（P_nmax）、表观量子效率（AQY）均在自然光强的75%时达到最大值; 叶绿素含量随光强的增加而降低,叶绿素a/b则随光强增加而增加; 新生物量与最大光合速率一致,在自然光强的75%时达到最大值; 其植株生根率、出现愈伤组织的比率、根条比及根生物量比（RMR）随光强的增加而增加,死亡率、SLA及LAR随光强的增加而降低。根据实验结果,适当提高大棚透光率及在阴天对大棚中的茶苗进行加光处理,对快速繁育茶苗有利。     

不同土壤条件对蓝莓光合作用和叶片氮、磷、钾含量的影响

本实验以南高丛蓝莓品种‘绿宝石’为研究材料,以土壤pH、有机肥施用量和珍珠岩施用量三个因素设置正交实验,研究蓝莓在不同土壤条件和不同生长时期,其净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率以及叶片氮、磷、钾含量的变化规律,为蓝莓健康生长提供理论依据。结果表明：萌芽期,最佳处理土壤条件为土壤pH值4.2,有机肥施用量14.4 kg,珍珠岩施用量3600 g,净光合速率达到11.23 umol CO2 m-2s-1。生长旺期,最佳土壤条件为土壤pH值5.8,有机肥施用量7.2 kg,珍珠岩施用量为5400 g,最大净光合速率达到10.11 umol CO2 m-2s-1。挂果期,最佳处理土壤条件为土壤pH值5.8,有机肥施用量14.4 kg,珍珠岩施用量1800 g,净光合速率为8.78 umol CO2 m-2s-1。综上所述,在不同时期,土壤pH、有机肥施用量和珍珠岩施用量配比施用对蓝莓光合作用和叶片氮磷钾含量具有显著影响,但不同时期对土壤条件需求不同,应该结合蓝莓生长的实际需求,在不同时期对蓝莓土壤条件进行改良,以利于蓝莓生长。     

氮、磷、钾、钙肥不同用量对花生光合性能及产量品质的影响

在田间试验条件下研究了N、P、K、Ca肥不同用量对花生光合性能及产量品质的影响,结果表明,施N、P、K、Ca肥可提高花生叶片叶绿素含量和光合速率;对叶片光合性能的改善作用,N肥主要在前期、P肥在中后期、K肥和Ca肥前后期比较一致。施肥可明显提高花生荚果产量,且施N肥处理随施肥量的增加产量显著提高,施P、K、Ca肥处理以中等施肥量(P150、K300、Ca300)产量最高。施肥可不同程度地提高花生籽仁脂肪、粗蛋白和游离氨基酸含量,改善花生籽仁品质。对花生籽仁品质的改善作用,P肥最大,其次是N和Ca肥,K肥的作用不明显,施K肥过多(K450)还会明显降低脂肪含量。施用Ca肥能提高花生籽仁中油酸亚油酸比值(O/L),K肥可提高花生籽仁可溶性糖含量。     

不同浓度玉米生长调节剂对玉米氮代谢的影响

采用田间小区试验,研究了不同浓度新型玉米生长调节剂对玉米氮代谢的影响．结果表明,不同浓度玉米生长调节剂对灌浆期玉米功能叶、茎秆中氮素的转运,功能叶硝酸还原酶与蛋白水解酶活性,功能叶和籽粒的谷氨酰胺合成酶与转化酶活性均有明显的促进作用,显著增加玉米产量、籽粒蛋白质含量及籽粒蛋白质产量．在调节剂的3个浓度中,以PGRCl较合理．PGRCl处理玉米籽粒的蛋白氮含量比对照提高0．83g／kg,籽粒产量比对照增加13．18％,籽粒蛋白质产量比对照增加19．59％．     

Effects of post-silking water deficit on the leaf photosynthesis and senescence of waxy maize

Waxy maize is widely cultivated under rainfed conditions and frequently suffers water shortage during the late growth stage. In this study, a pot trial was conducted to examine the effects of post-silking drought on leaf photosynthesis and senescence and its influence on grain yield. Two waxy maize hybrids, Suyunuo 5(SYN5) and Yunuo 7(YN7), were grown under the control and drought(soil moisture content was 70–80% and 50–60%, respectively) conditions after silking in 2016 and 2017. The decrease in yield was 11.1 and 15.4% for YN7 and SYN5, respectively, owing to the decreased grain weight and number. Post-silking dry matter accumulation was reduced by 27.2% in YN7 and 26.3% in SYN5. The contribution rate of pre-silking photoassimilates transferred to grain yield was increased by 15.6% in YN7 and 10.2% in SYN5, respectively. Post-silking drought increased the malondialdehyde content, but decreased the contents of water, soluble protein, chlorophyll, and carotenoid in the leaves. The weakened activities of enzymes involved in photosynthesis(ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase) and antioxidant system(catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) reduced the photosynthetic rate(P_n) and accelerated leaf senescence. The correlation results indicated that reduced Pn and catalase activity and increased malondialdehyde content under drought conditions induced the decrease of post-silking photoassimilates deposition, ultimately resulted in the grain yield loss.