利用香菇下脚料研制饮料的方法

以香菇下脚料为试材,利用正交设计确定最佳配方并加入增香荆进行调配,得出香菇下脚料饮料的最佳配方为柠檬酸1%,蔗糖7%和乙基麦芽酚0.04‰,采用10 min-15 min-10 min/121℃杀茵公式进行杀茵.按此工艺进行加工,可得外观及风味俱佳的香菇饮料.     

用异氰酸酯胶生产中密度纤维板的尝试

以异氰酸酯为胶黏剂,进行了2种原料的中密度纤维板(MDF)生产试验,分析其生产工艺的特点,并根据我国国标及日本相关标准,对板材的性能与甲醛释放量等指标进行检测。结果表明:用异氰酸酯制造的MDF,其各项指标均优于UF胶的MDF,是一种应用前景广阔的环保板材。     

甘薯叶中清除自由基活性物质的提取·保存与定性分析(英文)

[Objective] The research aimed to provide reference for the application of extracts from sweet potato leaves in anti-aging cosmetics. [Method] The extraction and storage conditions for free radicals scavenging substances from sweet potato leaves were optimized by orthogonal test and the bioactive components in extracts were investigated by correlation analysis. [Result] Sweet potato leaves contain the bioactive substances scavenging DPPH free radical and hydroxyl free radical. Extracting solvent species is the most important factor that influencing extraction yield. The optimal extraction and storage conditions are as following: water as solvent,pH 8.0 of extracting liquid,storage at 25 ℃. There is a good positive linear relationship between the content of total phenols in sweet potato leaves and corresponding scavenging rates against both the DPPH free radical and hydroxyl free radical. For the content of total flavones in sweet potato leaves,just a correlation with scavenging rate against hydroxyl free radical shown in test. [Conclusion] The phenols in extracts could effectively scavenge both the DPPH free radical and hydroxyl free radical,whereas the flavones in extracts can only function on the hydroxyl free radical.     

不同施氮量烤烟赤星病发生与发病初期氮营养、生理状况关系研究

在石林和寻甸两个不同气候生态区通过田间试验研究了烤烟不同施氮量与打顶时（即赤星病发病初期）健康烟株烟叶中的含氮量以及类黄酮、总酚、可溶性糖和游离性氨基酸含量等部分生理生化指标以及后期赤星病发生三者间的相互关系。结果表明,尽管两个试验点烟株体内的生理生化状况和赤星病发生程度有一定的差异,但施氮量与上述生理生化指标、赤星病发生三者间的关系都有一致的规律,即:随着施氮量增加,烟叶内游离性氨基酸含量和氮累积量增加,类黄酮、总酚和可溶性糖含量下降;烟叶成熟过程中不同时间赤星病发病情况均随施氮量增加而增加,其中,高氮和不施氮处理间差异显著。相关分析表明,烟株赤星病发病初期、中期和后期的发病率和病情指数均与发病初期烟叶内的类黄酮、总酚和可溶性糖含量有显著负相关关系;而与游离性氨基酸含量和氮累积量有显著正相关关系。这表明不同施氮量烟株成熟期赤星病发生的差异在一定程度上与发病初期烟叶中的类黄酮、总酚、可溶性糖和游离性氨基酸含量以及氮累积量的差异有关;同时还表明通过调控施氮量可以较好地控制赤星病病害的发生。     

Response of summer savory at two different growth stages to biochar amendment under NaCl stress

Salinity stress leads to various biochemical changes in plants. Biochar (BC) is a soil amendment that is derived from pyrolyzed organic materials. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of BC on growth and some biochemical characteristics of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) under NaCl stress at two different growth stages. So, a pot factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was performed that comprised three levels of BC (0, 1 and 2% w/w of soil) and four NaCl levels (0, 40, 80 and 120 mM) with four replications. According to the results, by increasing the NaCl concentration chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) decreased, whereas antioxidant activity, total soluble sugar and phenolic contents increased. The use of BC (especially 2% w/w of soil) under NaCl stress had the greatest effects on studied traits at the vegetative and flowering stages and significantly increased chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid and PPO activity. The results of this experiment confirmed the view that each stage of growth responses differently to NaCl stress and the use of BC due to sorption of NaCl and increasing osmotic adjustment can lead to summer savory protection against NaCl stress.     

基于广泛靶向代谢组学的葡萄种子代谢物鉴定与比较分析

【目的】葡萄种子因富含多种代谢产物而具有较高生物活性。全面鉴定葡萄种子中代谢物组分,比较分析不同品种间代谢物差异,探讨葡萄种子代谢物与果皮颜色和品种起源之间的关系,为深入开发和利用葡萄种子提供参考依据。【方法】以紫红色欧美种葡萄‘巨峰’、浅红色欧亚种葡萄‘魏可’和黄绿色欧亚种葡萄‘黄意大利’成熟期种子为材料,利用超高效液相色谱串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）进行广泛靶向代谢组学分析,采用多元统计学等方法鉴定和比较代谢物。【结果】代谢组学数据质量好,组内样品重复性较好,组间样品存在差异。3个葡萄品种种子中共检测到514个代谢物,包括氨基酸、脂类等6类初生代谢物和原花青素、白藜芦醇等20类次生代谢物。不同品种间代谢物种类相似,但含量差异显著。大多数代谢物的相对含量在深色品种‘巨峰’种子中较高,在浅色品种‘魏可’种子中次之,在无色品种‘黄意大利’种子中较低,表明葡萄种子代谢物含量可能与果皮颜色呈正相关。‘魏可’和‘黄意大利’种子代谢物的相对含量较为相近,而均与‘巨峰’种子代谢物的相对含量差异较大,表明葡萄种子代谢物含量可能与品种起源有关。不同葡萄品种间的差异代谢物主要涉及苯丙烷生物合成、花青...     

硅烷化纳米SiO_2改性酚醛泡沫的性能表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米SiO_2,并通过加入硅烷偶联剂1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷对纳米SiO_2进行硅烷化,用硅烷化后的纳米SiO_2制备改性酚醛树脂(PR1～PR6),将改性酚醛树脂制成相应的酚醛泡沫(PF1～PF6)。采用FT-IR、TGA/FT-IR和TGA等方法对酚醛树脂的性能进行表征和检测。测试结果表明:改性后的酚醛树脂成功引入硅烷化的纳米SiO_2,并与树脂发生了化学交联反应,形成Si—O—Si和Si—O;游离酚测试结果显示,随着纳米SiO_2含量的增加游离酚含量急剧下降,正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)含量相同而硅烷偶联剂含量不同时对游离酚含量影响不大,当硅脂为3.22 g,硅烷偶联剂为2 g时与PR4组成时其效果最好;羟甲基含量检测结果显示随着纳米SiO_2含量的增加,羟甲基含量迅速增加至高值;机械性能测试显示,当硅脂质量分数为0.5%(以酚醛树脂的质量计),硅烷偶联剂为0.3%时,PF4的弯曲强度和抗压强度较PF1分别提高了73.3%和83.4%,较好地提高了泡沫的机械性能。     

喷施赤霉素对欧李果实抗氧化能力的影响

为给调控欧李果实品质提供参考,选用'农大6号'和'农大7号'2个欧李品种果实作为试验材料,分别喷施质量浓度为50、100和150mg/L的赤霉素,测定总酚和类黄酮含量及抗氧化指标。结果表明:赤霉素处理抑制了'农大6号'欧李果实总酚和类黄酮的合成;100mg/L的赤霉素处理促进了'农大7号'欧李果实总酚和类黄酮的合成,50和150mg/L的赤霉素处理抑制了'农大7号'欧李果实总酚和类黄酮的合成。赤霉素对'农大6号'欧李果实总酚和类黄酮的抑制作用要大于'农大7号'。3个抗氧化指标(ABTS、FRAP和DPPH)中,'农大6号'欧李果实的ABTS受赤霉素作用的影响最小,'农大7号'是DPPH受赤霉素作用的影响最小。     

控释肥对香石竹出圃苗质量的影响

【目的】利用长效控释氮肥（脲甲醛泡沫）、活性磷肥调控香石竹基质配方,研究不同处理对香 石竹出圃质量的影响,为香石竹施肥技术提供理论依据。【方法】设定不同控释肥处理对香石竹进行盆栽种植, 分别于 0、15、30 d 对香石竹的株高、冠幅进行测定,并在 30 d 对香石竹进行采样分析生物量、地上部氮磷积 累量和根系形态指标。【结果】种植 30 d 后,T4 处理（草花基质添加复合肥 1.6 kg/m3、缓释肥 1.14 kg/m3、活 性磷 5.71 kg/m3、脲甲醛 6.05 kg/m3 作为栽培基质）的叶、茎、根的生物量,总根长,总根表面积,地上部氮、 磷积累量均为最大值,分别为 3.12 g/ 株、1.75 g/ 株、0.82 g/ 株、5.15 m/ 株、526 cm2/ 株、179 mg/ 株和 21.32 mg/ 株,与对照处理（草花基质添加复合肥 4.8 kg/m3、缓释肥 3.6 kg/m3 作为栽培基质）相比显著差异。【结论】施 加脲甲醛泡沫和活性磷肥对香石竹的生长有显著影响,从生物量、总根长、总根表面积、地上部氮磷积累量等 方面综合考虑,T4 处理的石竹生长效果最好,不仅能获得较好的形态指标,而且能提高氮磷肥的积累量,香石 竹出圃苗质量较佳。     

Hybrid chipboard panels based on sugarcane bagasse, urea formaldehyde and melamine formaldehyde resin

The expansion of Brazilian agricultural production was very important in the last decade. A number of waste residues were produced showing an enormous potential for industrial crops and products. Sugarcane bagasse is the most important one and it has been investigated for chipboard panel's preparation. In this sense, this work aims to develop, characterize and compare chipboard panels made with sugarcane bagasse with urea formaldehyde (UF) and melamine formaldehyde (MF) resins. Panels were obtained with a mixture of sugarcane bagasse and particles, like pine or eucalyptus, with and without paraffin in the formulation. Nine different types of panels have been made, all with 9% in resin mix, under a pressing cycle of 4.0 MPa cm², and temperature of 160 °C. Under physical tests, the panels complied with the American Standard CS 236-66 for trading chipboards of medium density and, in most cases the results obtained were lower than the ones raised in the literature. Under mechanical tests, that same standard was not complied with and, in most cases the results were close to or higher than those obtained in the literature.