Effects of Glutamate and Na＋ on the Development and Enzyme Activity of the Oriental Migratory Locust,Locusta migratoria manilensis （Meyen） in Successive Generations

Rapid and mass rearing ofLocusta migratoria manilensis is an urgent need to meet the increasing demand for food of people. In this study, the effects of four artificial feeds on the development, reproduction and the activities of detoxification and protective enzymes of L. migratoria manilensis in three successive generations were investigated. The results showed that sucrose and monosodium glutamate （MSG） significantly increased the net reproductive rate （R0） and the intrinsic growth rate （rm） ofL. migratoria manilensis, but sodium chloride （0.17%） suppressed this increase. Furthermore, the artificial feed with sucrose and monosodium glutamate increased the activities of esterase （EST）, acetylcholinesterase （ACHE）, glutathione-S- transferase （GST）, multi-function oxidase （MFO）, phenol oxidase （PO）, catalase （CAT） and peroxidase （POD）, but inhibited the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD）. However, sodium chloride （0.17%） increased the activities of EST, ACHE, CAT and SOD, and inhibited the activities of MFO, GST, PO and POD. Correlation analysis found that the increasing of PO activity and the decreasing of SOD activities were significantly related with the increasing of the intrinsic growth rate （rm）. The above results indicated that sucrose and monosodium glutamate could promote the development and reproduction of L. migratoria manilensis, but Na＋ inhibit such promotion with the concentration above 0.2%. The activities of PO and SOD can be used as biochemical standard to assess the effect of artificial feed.     

分散剂萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物对氟铃脲悬浮剂流变性的影响

为研究分散剂萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物（NNO）对氟铃脲悬浮剂流变性的影响,以指导该剂型的加工,采用控制应力流变仪测定了NNO的用量、分子质量及氟铃脲质量分数变化等因素下制剂的流变性。结果发现:以NNO为分散剂制备的氟铃脲悬浮剂的流变曲线符合Herschel-Bulkley流变模型;NNO的分子质量范围和用量会影响氟铃脲悬浮剂的流变性能。在固定NNO质量分数为3%的条件下,当氟铃脲质量分数≥20%时,流动行为指数（n） < 1.0,悬浮体系表现为“剪切变稀”的假塑性流体特征;当氟铃脲的质量分数≤15%时,n>1.0,悬浮体系表现为“剪切增稠”的胀性流体特征。氟铃脲悬浮剂的流变参数屈服值（τ_H）与NNO和氟铃脲的相对加入量有关。当氟铃脲含量过高时,则NNO不能在氟铃脲颗粒界面形成饱和吸附,裸露的氟铃脲颗粒界面间相互搭接形成结构,因而具有较大的屈服值;当氟铃脲含量过低,则多余的NNO可在悬浮的氟铃脲颗粒间搭接形成结构,也使其屈服值增大。在试验条件下,NNO的分子质量愈大,所制备氟铃脲悬浮剂的表观黏度和屈服值愈小,流动行为指数虽略有增加,但均小于1,仍表现为假塑性特征。本研究结果表明:相同情况下,以萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物（NNO）为分散剂制备的氟铃脲悬浮剂的屈服值和流动行为指数均高于以苯乙烯丙烯酸无规共聚物（MOTAS）为分散剂制备的氟铃脲悬浮剂。     

Diatomaceous earth as an inorganic additive to reduce formaldehyde emissions from particleboards

The presented research is about the use of a new type of a functional inorganic additive in particleboards, for the purpose of reducing free formaldehyde releases. One-layered particleboards were prepared in the laboratory by mixing industrial wood particles and urea-formaldehyde resin. Natural, abundantly and cheaply available nano-mesoporous diatomaceous earth (DE) was used, without and in combination with urea as a scavenger. Silica quartz sand was also added as a nonporous analogy. Particleboards were pressed at two press factors (9 and 15 s/mm). Formaldehyde release was determined using the rapid 3-hour-flask method (DIN EN 717-3). As a result, DE additions insignificantly reduced bending properties of particleboards. Internal bonding was in part significantly lowered. The particleboard produced with 3% urea loaded on 5% DE prior to application almost halved (–45%) the formaldehyde release. Formaldehyde release was on the average 17% lower when pressed at 15 s/mm instead of 9 s/mm. By loading urea onto the nano-mesoporous structure of DE, an improved scavenging function of urea could be shown.     

Effects of heat treatment on some properties of MDF (medium-density fiberboard)

This work investigated some mechanical, physical and free formaldehyde emission properties of heat-treated MDF. For this purpose, MDF panels were subjected to varying heat treatment temperatures (155°C, 165°C and 175°C), durations (2.5?h., 3.5?h. and 4.5?h.) and waiting times after hot pressing (30?min., 120?min. and 600?min). Thickness swelling (TS), water absorption (WA), free formaldehyde emission (FFE), bending strength (BS), modulus of elasticity (MOE), tensile strength perpendicular to fibers (TSPF) for treated and untreated samples were tested and evaluated statistically. Consequently, after the heat treatment values of tensile strength, bending strength and modulus of elasticity were almost negatively affected relatively, but the thickness swelling and water absorption and quantities of free formaldehyde were improved positively of MDF samples.     

热处理浸渍杨木性能研究

【目的】探究不同固化温度对浸渍杨木力学性能、物理性能和甲醛释放量的影响,为浸渍木的加工与应用提供实践指导和理论依据。【方法】以毛白杨锯材径切板为试材,以不进行任何处理锯材为素材,以常压过热蒸汽为介质,选择120,140,160,180℃的固化温度对脲醛树脂浸渍杨木(浸渍材)进行树脂固化处理。【结果】经过高温固化处理的浸渍杨木力学性能相对于素材有所升高,相对于未经高温固化浸渍材有所降低。与素材相比,浸渍材和120,140,160,180℃固化浸渍材的抗弯强度(MOR)分别升高了49.60%,45.21%,43.40%,37.70,24.95%;弹性模量(MOE)分别升高了107.39%,106.83%,92.40%,85.20%,57.35%;硬度值分别升高了65.71%,59.41%,56.06%,50.98%,44.46%;冲击韧性分别降低了7.03%,10.77%,14.73%,16.40%,21.54%。素材、浸渍材以及120,140,160,180℃固化材的阻湿率分别为0,20.0%,26.0%,29.4%,30.0%,33.3%。随着固化温度的升高,固化浸渍材阻湿率升高,尺寸稳定性提高。未经高温固化浸渍材的甲醛释放量为1.66mg/L,120,140,160,180℃固化浸渍材的甲醛释放量分别为1.09,0.91,0.25,0.16mg/L,经过高温固化处理后浸渍材的甲醛释放量明显降低。【结论】热处理对浸渍木物量力学性能及甲醛释放量有明显影响,建议生产中选用160℃作为脲醛树脂浸渍杨木的固化温度。     

产朊假丝酵母和DCDHCHO联合工艺处理皂素废水

采用产朊假丝酵母预处理和DCD-HCHO絮凝剂再处理的联合工艺处理皂素废水.通过单因素试验和正交试验来分析和确定联合工艺的最佳处理条件.结果表明:1)产朊假丝酵母法预处理的最适条件为温度25℃、pH5.5、接种率10％、发酵时间3 d;2)DCD-HCHO絮凝剂法再处理的最适条件为pH值7、DCD-HCHO投加量4 m...     

液态甲醛对雄性小鼠生殖系统的毒性作用研究

为探讨液态甲醛对雄性小鼠生殖细胞的毒性和致突变作用,选用雄性昆明种小鼠为研究对象,进行液态甲醛腹腔染毒,7 d后测定睾丸脏器系数、精子数目、精子形态及精子畸形率及精子微核率。结果表明:中、高剂量组(2.0、20.0 mg/kg)甲醛具有明显的生殖毒性,小鼠睾丸指数、精子数量明显降低,小鼠精子存活率、活动率都受到显著影响;中、高剂量组的精子畸形率、微核率与阴性对照组比较,有显著性差异。由此说明,液态甲醛对雄性小鼠的生殖细胞具有明显的毒性和致突变作用。     

向日葵秆超微粉用于酚醛树脂添加剂的试验

采用《非木质造纸原料成分分析方法》(GB 2677.2—93)和红外光谱分析法,分析了向日葵秆主要成分、基团结构特征等,结果表明:向日葵秆超微粉具备作为酚醛树脂添加剂的条件。对向日葵秆超微粉与酚醛树脂混合体系的胶合性能、热力学反应性质、游离苯酚质量分数、价格成本等分析,结果表明:向日葵秆超微粉与酚醛树脂易混合;当超微粉的添加量达到m(酚醛树脂)∶m(向日葵秆超微粉)=100∶11时,胶液的黏度比较理想,游离苯酚的质量分数从加入面粉m(酚醛树脂)∶m(面粉)=100∶25时的0.30%降至0.16%,胶合板强度达到了国家标准(GB/T 9846—2004)规定的Ⅰ类胶合板的要求,向日葵秆超微粉可以替代部分工业面粉作为酚醛树脂添加剂使用,每生产1 m3的胶合板胶黏剂使用成本至少节约30元。     

胶合板用快速固化酚醛树脂胶黏剂

选取氢氧化钡作为催化剂合成高邻位酚醛树脂胶黏剂,原料的物质的量比为n(苯酚)∶n(甲醛)∶n(氢氧化钡)=1.00∶1.80∶0.03,反应温度为85~90℃,制得的酚醛树脂胶黏剂比普通酚醛树脂胶黏剂聚合时间缩短了30%。利用傅里叶红外光谱对酚醛树脂进行了结构表征。结果表明钡酚醛树脂的酚环之间是以亚甲基键连接,且邻位取代远高于对位取代,显示了树脂快速固化的机理。用该酚醛树脂胶黏剂热压胶合板,可以大幅减少热压时间。     

杏鲍菇提取物抗氧化活性的研究

以杏鲍菇子实体,杏鲍菇副产物,杏鲍菇培养基副产物和杏鲍菇副产物发酵制品为原料,对四种原料热水和甲醇提取物的总多酚含量和抗氧化活性进行比较,试验中采用了三种体外抗氧化试验对其进行评估:DPPH自由基清除能力,还原能力,对Fe2+催化的脂质过氧化体系的抑制能力。结果表明虽然杏鲍菇副产物的抗氧化活性和多酚含量低于杏鲍菇子实体,但是经过发酵后抗氧化活性和多酚含量都得到了提高。