环境雌激素对胚胎发育的影响

胚胎发育是非常复杂而且变化极为协调的生理过程。在此过程中,外界环境中多种因素的影响都可能导致胚胎发育异常、胚胎死亡及胎儿畸形。随着环境污染的日趋加重,环境雌激素对胚胎发育的影响日益受到科学家的重视。但环境雌激素对胚胎发育的作用机制尚未完全阐明。文章就环境雌激素对胚胎发育的影响及其机制进行综述。     

枸杞多糖的生理功能及其在动物生产中的应用

随着我国饲料“禁抗”时代的来临，天然的植物提取物逐渐成为一种新型替代抗生素的饲料添加剂。枸杞多糖是从枸杞及其副产物中提取出来的植物多糖类物质，主要由甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖醛酸和鼠李糖等组成，具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤以及提高机体免疫力等多种生理功能，是枸杞及其副产物的主要活性成分。本文综述了枸杞多糖的主要制备工艺、生理功能和作用机制及其在动物生产中应用的研究进展，旨在为枸杞多糖作为新型饲料添加剂在动物生产中的应用提供参考。     

知识与行动：高校体育教师专业化实现路径研究*

高校体育教师的专业化发展是提升体育教育质量的根本保证，也是教师教育领域内的热点问题。以知识和行动两个维度以及两者之间的动态关系，即从知识储备、知识结构和知识更新，以及体育教育现代化、多元化和终身化的层面来论述构建一条实现高校体育教师专业化的道路。     

白花菜的研究进展

综述了国内外对白花菜的生理生化特性、化学成分和药理活性的研究进展及白花菜开发利用现状,旨在为白花菜的进一步开发利用提供参考。     

Biocontrol action mechanisms of Cryptococcus laurentii on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides of mango

Mechanisms of action and effectiveness of the antifungal yeast Cryptococcus laurentii [(Kuff.) C.E. Skinner] strain L5D, were examined against the causal agent of anthracnose Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ((Penz.) Penz. & Sacc.) in mango (Mangifera indica L.). C. laurentii showed a high antagonistic potential in vivo, with significant inhibition of anthracnose (75.88%). Different mechanisms of action were examined in C. laurentii among them competition for nutrients, specifically for sucrose (p < 0.05). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that the yeast biofilm adheres to the fruit and to C. gloeosporioides hyphae showing competition for space; C. laurentii was not washed off from treated Colletotrichum hyphae as observed with SEM. According to statistical analysis, only nagase and chitinase were significantly stimulated on wounded fruit. Activity of all three hydrolytic enzymes was detected in vitro but only nagase was induced by addition of autoclaved pathogen mycelium. Treated wounds with the yeast biocontrol stimulated glucanase activity and suppressed chitinase activity on fruit wounds with or without presence of autoclaved pathogen mycelium but did not affect nagase significantly (p = 0.05). Parasitic activity of yeast on pathogen was not detected.     

Advances in Studies on the Pharmacological Activities of Fucoxanthin

Fucoxanthin is a natural carotenoid derived mostly from many species of marine brown algae. It is characterized by small molecular weight, is chemically active, can be easily oxidized, and has diverse biological activities, thus protecting cell components from ROS. Fucoxanthin inhibits the proliferation of a variety of cancer cells, promotes weight loss, acts as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, interacts with the intestinal flora to protect intestinal health, prevents organ fibrosis, and exerts a multitude of other beneficial effects. Thus, fucoxanthin has a wide range of applications and broad prospects. This review focuses primarily on the latest progress in research on its pharmacological activity and underlying mechanisms.     

Insecticidal activity and mode of action of novel nicotinoids synthesized by new acylpyridinium salt chemistry and directed lithiation

Novel acylpyridinium salt chemistry and directed lithiation methodology was developed to add for the first time substitutions directly to the phenylpyridine heterocyclic ring of nicotine. A variety of 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-4-(alkyl, aromatic, heterocyclic and silanyl) and -N-alkyl pyridines were synthesized (compounds 1-9). In vial tests with the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, compounds 1-4 were 1.1, 1.8, 2.3 and 1.9×, respectively, more active than nicotine and 64, 40, 31 and 38×, respectively, less active than acetamiprid. Against the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, 1-4 were 1.4, 2.1, 2.0 and 1.6×, respectively, more active than nicotine and 9, 6, 6 and 8×, respectively, less active than acetamiprid. For the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, the activity of 1-9 was similar to nicotine. Compounds 7 and 9 when incorporated into artificial diet produced low mortality for larvae of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, but were not active against the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea. When 1-4 and 6-9 were injected into larvae of the beet armyworm, a variety of symptoms similar to acetamiprid were observed which included tremors, uncoordinated movement, diuresis, paralysis and death. In addition, imidacloprid-binding to membranes from the house fly head, Musca domestica, was inhibited by compounds 1-9, when using a concentration range of 1-100 μM. These studies demonstrate that our new chemistry enhances the insecticidal activity of nicotine with an apparent mode of action as an acetylcholine agonist.     

卡松对苹果果实炭疽病的控制效应及作用方式研究

在实验室人工接种条件下,研究了新型杀菌剂卡松对苹果炭疽病的控制效应、作用方式及施药技术.结果表明,1.5%卡松水剂对苹果果实炭疽病有很好的防治效果,作用方式以保护作用为主,并具有一定的治疗作用;施药方式以药液浸果为优.结果还表明,苹果果实炭疽病的人工接种以针刺法效果较好.     

杜仲全叶深度综合利用技术路线研究

杜仲叶含有多种类型的化合物,其性质差异很大(从极性到非极性);同一类型化合物中异构体多,其差异性又很小,难以分离.其中一些化合物热敏感性强,又极易氧化、异构、分解.该文依据各化合物的理化性质及差异,采用逆流浸提罐组液固浸提原理,变温、变溶剂和浓度、变时间等的分段处理技术,同步分离制取有效组分11种,即β胡萝卜素、叶绿素铜钠、松脂醇二葡萄糖甙、绿原酸、桃叶珊瑚甙、二氢黄酮、查耳酮、黄酮醇、酸多糖、β谷甾醇、杜仲胶等.除杜仲胶外,其余均为药用活性成分.全叶总抽出物得率为25%～27.5%,有效活性成分得率为11.19%～13.56%.