基于网络药理学探讨中药复方治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎的作用机制

【目的】 通过网络药理学对丹参、益母草、黄芩、连翘组成的中药复方进行分析,研究其有效成分治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎的潜在作用靶点,并对靶点作用通路的机制进行阐述。【方法】 利用TCMSP数据库筛选药物成分作用靶点,通过NCBI、GeneCard、geneMap、TTD、DrugBank查找奶牛子宫内膜炎的相关靶点,筛选出药物成分靶点与奶牛子宫内膜炎相关靶点的共有基因靶点,作为该中药复方治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎的预测靶点,并上传到STRING数据库建立蛋白互作(PPI)网络,通过Cytoscape 3.8.2软件根据连接度对PPI网络进行筛选,找到其核心靶点。运用Metascape数据库对核心靶点进行GO功能与KEGG通路富集分析。【结果】 从该中药复方中筛出有效活性成分133种,主要包括槲皮素、山奈酚、黄芩素、丹参酮ⅡA等,通过药物成分找到对应靶点蛋白292个,通过数据库找到奶牛子宫内膜炎的相关靶点130个,筛出中药复方治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎的预测靶点24个,其中核心靶点7个,包括肿瘤坏死因子、蛋白激酶、前列腺素内过氧化物合酶2等。GO功能富集分析得到生物过程20个条目、分子功能6个条目及细胞组分6个条目,生物过程包括脂多糖的反应、白细胞-细胞黏附的正向调节、对无机物的反应等;分子功能包括信号受体活性调节、转录辅激活子的结合、血红素结合等;细胞组分包括细胞膜筏、薄膜侧面、颗粒分泌腔等。KEGG通路富集分析涉及20个基因,参与调控的通路有9条,其中涉及基因较多的包括AGE-RAGE信号通路、癌症蛋白聚糖通路、血流剪切应力与动脉粥样硬化通路及Th17细胞分化通路。【结论】 该中药复方可能是通过调控肿瘤坏死因子、蛋白激酶、前列腺素内过氧化物合酶2等靶点,通过参与AGE-RAGE信号通路及Th17细胞的分化对奶牛子宫内膜炎产生治疗作用。     

纳米银体外抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的作用研究

【目的】 研究纳米银（silver nanoparticles,AgNPs）体外抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV）的作用,并初步分析其抗病毒作用机制,为PRRSV的防控提供新思路。【方法】 使用0.1875、0.375、0.75、1.5、3、6、12 μg/mL AgNPs处理Marc145细胞,采用CCK-8试剂盒评估AgNPs对Marc145细胞毒性,确定其安全浓度。通过显微观察、间接免疫荧光试验、病毒滴度测定、实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法评估AgNPs体外抗PRRSV感染Marc145细胞的效果。通过间接免疫荧光试验和实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法评估AgNPs对PRRSV的直接灭活效果。通过实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法分析AgNPs对不同感染复数（multiplicity of infection,MOI） PRRSV （0.0001~0.1）黏附和入侵Marc145细胞的影响,以及PRRSV感染Marc145细胞3、6、12、18和24 h后加入AgNPs对Marc145细胞增殖的影响。【结果】 AgNPs对Marc145细胞的最大安全浓度为1.5 μg/mL,0.375、0.75、1.5 μg/mL AgNPs均具有良好的体外抗PRRSV活性,0.375、0.75、1.5 μg/mL AgNPs均对PRRSV起一定灭活作用。AgNPs对不同MOI的毒株黏附和入侵Marc145细胞均有一定抑制作用,且不同时间（3、6、12、18、24 h）加入AgNPs对PRRSV增殖均有一定抑制作用。【结论】 AgNPs具有良好的体外抗PRRSV活性,体外抗PRRSV的作用机制包括直接灭活以及抑制病毒的黏附、入侵和增殖过程。     

四种植物提取物对斜纹夜蛾卵的毒杀效果

以斜纹夜蛾卵为研究对象．对雷公藤Tripter gium wilfordii茎、皂荚Gleditsia sinensis Lam．刺、苦参Sophora flavescens和博落茴Macleya cordata等4种植物材料的正已烷及乙酸乙酯提取物的杀卵活性进行了测定。结果表明：博落茴的乙酸乙酯提取物对斜纹夜蛾卵有较好的杀伤力,校正未孵化率高达95．63%;雷公藤的乙酸乙酯提取物和苦参的正已烷提取物对斜纹夜蛾卵的孵化也有明显的抑制作用。     

Refugee impact on collective management of forest resources: a case study of Bhutanese refugees in Nepal's Eastern Terai region

This article analyzes the relationship between forest resources, refugees, and the host population. The findings of the research suggest that the host population are heavily dependent on the local forest for their daily needs such as fuelwood, timber, grazing area, fodder for domestic animals, foods, and medicine in addition to cultural and esthetic needs. The forest has also been relied upon for agricultural needs such as manufacture of agricultural tools, maintenance of irrigation water systems, erosion control, and fertilizer needs. The forest was under a sustained demand as any other Terai forest of Nepal. After the arrival of refugees in 1992, the demand for forest resources increased substantially. Initially, the construction of the refugee camps decreased the total forest area and also required some felling of trees. More significantly, the refugees themselves became active users of the forest resource, which generated extra pressure on the forest and created scarcity of forest resources. Before the arrival of the refugees, forest management and monitoring of illegal use of the forest resources were carried out by the government through its local forester office. The local residents were active users of the forest resources, but were passive in managing and maintaining the forest resource. However, competition from the refugees instilled a desire in the local population to safeguard and protect the dwindling resource against the external threat by creating the Humse Dumse Community Forest.     

珍贵野生蔬菜蒲公英的有效成分与药理作用

蒲公英中含有胡萝卡素类、三萜类、植物甾醇类、倍半萜内酯类、香豆素类、黄酮类、酚酸类物质；药理研究证明蒲公英具有抑菌、抗内毒素、健胃、利胆、通乳和抗肿瘤等作用。     

薄木贴面装饰板中水份的作用及控制

本文阐述了薄木贴面装饰板生产中水份的调控措施 ,对生产具有一定的指导意义。     

关于漏电保护器误动作的原因分析

本文以单相漏电保护器为例,阐明其几种错误接线的原因,并针对其不同的错误安装接线方法,提出了具体的改进措施。     

Induction of cell proliferation in the rat liver by the short-term administration of ethyl tertiary-butyl ether

In the present study, in continuation of our previous experiment in order to investigate the mode of action (MOA) of ethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ETBE) hepatotumorigenicity in rats, we aimed to examine alterations in cell proliferation, that are induced by short-term administration of ETBE. F344 rats were administered ETBE at doses of 0, and 1,000 mg/kg body weight twice a day by gavage for 3, 10, 17 and 28 days. It was found that the previously observed significant increase of P450 total content and hydroxyl radical levels after 7 days of ETBE administration, and 8-OHdG formation at day 14, accompanied by accumulation of CYP2B1/2B2, CYP3A1/3A2, CYP2C6, CYP2E1 and CYP1A1 and downregulation of DNA oxoguanine glycosylase 1, was preceded by induction of cell proliferation at day 3. Furthermore, we observed an increase in regenerative cell proliferation as a result of ETBE treatment at day 28, followed by induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by day 14. These results indicated that short-term administration of ETBE led to a significant early increase in cell proliferation activity associated with induction of oxidative stress, and to a regenerative cell proliferation as an adaptive response, which could contribute to the hepatotumorigenicity of ETBE in rats.     

Therapeutic antibodies: their mechanisms of action and the pathological findings they induce in toxicity studies

Antibodies can swiftly provide therapeutics to target disease-related molecules discovered in genomic research. Antibody engineering techniques have been actively developed and these technological innovations have intensified the development of therapeutic antibodies. From the mid-1990’s, a series of therapeutic antibodies were launched that are now being used in clinic. The disease areas that therapeutic antibodies can target have subsequently expanded, and antibodies are currently utilized as pharmaceuticals for cancer, inflammatory disease, organ transplantation, cardiovascular disease, infection, respiratory disease, ophthalmologic disease, and so on. This paper briefly describes the modes of action of therapeutic antibodies. Several non-clinical study results of the pathological changes induced by therapeutic antibodies are also presented to aid the future assessment of the toxic potential of an antibody developed as a therapeutic.     

靶向甲型流感病毒血凝素的人源单克隆抗体研究进展

甲型流感病毒感染性强,宿主广泛,主要感染禽类,其次为哺乳动物。当跨物种传染事件发生时,有可能造成流感大流行,因此,对病毒实施及时有效的监控,以及研发抗流感病毒药物刻不容缓。流感病毒表面的糖蛋白血凝素在病毒入侵宿主细胞的过程中发挥了关键的作用,可作为单克隆抗体药物的主要靶点。针对血凝素的单克隆抗体能够有效抑制病毒传播,保护宿主。因此,本文综述了目前报道的针对甲型流感病毒血凝素糖蛋白的人单克隆抗体,为后续抗流感药物的研发提供新的思路和展望。