灵芝木质素降解酶研究及其潜在应用进展

灵芝不仅具有很好的药理活性,而且具有高效降解木质素的潜在特性。为进一步了解灵芝木质素降解酶作用机制及其表达调控,促进灵芝木质素降解酶研究和相关产业发展,分别对木质素降解酶组成和生物降解机制、灵芝木质素降解酶表达调控以及灵芝木质素降解酶潜在应用前景进行评述,并针对灵芝降解木质纤维素过程研究中存在的问题提出相关研究建议。     

柴油及其与阿维菌素复配对柑橘全爪螨卵的作用

室内测定了柴油对柑橘全爪螨卵的毒力及其与阿维菌素复配植物油基新型乳油的杀卵作用。结果表明,柴油对柑橘全爪螨卵的LC50为2790.39μg/mL;两种柴油与阿维菌素复配新型乳油1000、750和500倍液3种浓度下的杀卵率均高于90%,其中添加了印楝油的复配剂3浓度的杀卵率与对照药剂24%螺虫乙酯SC 3000倍液相当。     

三种中药提取物对桃褐腐菌（Monilinia fructicola）的抑菌作用

为筛选出对桃褐腐病菌具有抑制作用的中草药抑菌活性物质,采用三次浸渍提取法对中草药进行提取,通过菌丝生长速率法、单位面积产孢量计算法和凹玻片悬低法进行抑菌活性测定,再经过光学显微镜观察抑菌活性物质对桃褐腐菌的形态、结构的破坏作用,得出结果：黄芩、甘草和威灵仙的4种溶剂提取物对桃褐腐病菌（M. fructicola）均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中黄芩丙酮提取物和黄芩80％乙醇提取物的抑制作用较强,抑菌率达到80％以上,对菌丝细胞有明显的破坏作用,且能够抑制分生孢子的产生与萌发;同时对供试的16种植物病原真菌也有不同程度的抑制效果,抑菌谱较广。说明黄芩丙酮和黄芩80%的乙醇提取液中均含有抗菌成分。     

Performance of upland coloured cotton germplasm lines in line × tester crosses

Anthracnose is a serious disease affecting dry bean production especially in the cool highland areas worldwide. The objective of this research was to study the inheritance of anthracnose resistance in market-class dry beans. A complete diallel set of crosses was generated from nine diverse parents comprising six resistant and three susceptible to anthracnose. The F₁ and F₂ crosses and parents were artificially inoculated with Colletotriclum lindenumthianum Race-767 in a growth room. There was significant variation for anthracnose resistance among genotypes. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability effects were significant for resistance, indicating importance of both additive and non-additive effects, respectively. Preponderance of GCA effects (66%) suggested that additive effects were more important than non-additive effects (24%), which were also reflected by high heritability estimates (70%), and suggested that simple selection or backcrossing would be useful for improving the resistance in market class varieties. The study was not conclusive on whether epistatic gene action played a major role, but if available it might have biased the dominance gene effects. Reciprocal effects (10%) were not significant (P > 0.05), suggesting that cytoplasmic genes did not play a major role in modifying anthracnose resistance. Parental lines G2333, AB136, NAT002, and NAT003 showed highly negative GCA effects qualifying them as suitable parents for transferring resistance genes to their progenies. A few major genes, 1–3, displaying partial dominance conditioned anthracnose resistance, suggesting a possibility of using marker-assisted selection to improve anthracnose resistance in market-class dry beans.     

车前草的研究概况

对近年来有关车前草鉴别、活性成分提取、含量测定、药理作用及临床应用等研究进行综述,为进一步开发车前草,研制车前草制剂提供了参考。     

山豆根生物活性成分及药理作用的研究进展

山豆根是一味传统的常用中药,具有抗肿瘤、抗炎抑菌、抗氧化、抗衰老、抗心律失常、保肝、提高免疫力等药理作用,但其药理机制还有待进一步研究;此外山豆根还存在一定的毒副作用。因此,有必要进一步加强研究山豆根的药物构效关系和量效关系,使山豆根得到更加充分的开发和利用。文章通过对山豆根的生物活性成分、药理作用、毒副作用进行概述分析,旨在为山豆根的研究提供参考。     

川芎嗪药理作用研究进展

通过查阅近年来的有关文献,总结了川芎嗪在心血管等方面的药理学研究进展和相关作用机制,并对川芎嗪今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

淫羊藿的研究进展

笔者综述了淫羊藿属植物的地理分布、化学成分及其药理作用、临床应用、生理生态、资源保护等方面,并提出了淫羊藿的新的研究方向.     

植物的亲水疏水特性与农药药液行为的分析

通过观察,雨水能很好地在棉花、黄瓜、桃树等植物叶面铺展成水膜,能很好的沾湿石榴、扁豆、辣椒等植物,在叶面形成弧形或半圆形的水滴,但雨水不能使红花酢浆草、水稻、甘蓝等植物润湿,而是在叶面形成球形的水珠,极易滚落.大于31.25 mg/L TX-10水溶液和大于200 mg/L杀虫单-矿物油微乳剂的表面张力均小于水稻或甘蓝的临界表面张力,因此在水稻或甘蓝叶面能形成弧形或半圆形的水滴,很好地沾湿叶片,甚至可以在叶面铺展成水膜.