柱状田头菇研究进展

对柱状田头菇(Agrocybe aegerita)的生物学特性、人工培养驯化及生物活性物质等方面进行了综述,旨在为柱状田头菇的进一步开发利用提供参考。     

基于农户分化的村域居民点用地特征分析

从地块尺度探讨农户分化背景下的农户层面居民点用地演变特征及其趋势,为构建农村居民点用地分类调控方向与模式提供依据。以重庆市潼南县崇龛镇古泥村为典型案例,从农户家庭收入、就业职业、就业地点3个方面对农户分化类型进行界定基础上,解析农户地块尺度居民点用地规模、形态、内部功能结构等方面的分异特征。结果表明,农户地块尺度居民点用地规模存在"农业种养殖主导生计类型"农户户均面积最大,"既离土又离乡式非农主导生计类型"农户人均用地面积最大,"离土不离乡式非农主导生计类型"农户户均用地面积和人均用地面积均最小;非农型、农业型农户地块尺度居民点用地斑块空间形态最复杂,就地非农型和农业主导型农户居民点用地斑块空间形态较为简单,且趋于规整的方形;就地非农主导型、农业主导型农户房屋形态更为紧凑和集约,农业型农户房屋形态更为松散和粗放;就地非农主导型、农业主导型农户房屋结构以砖混结构为主,非农型农户土木结构所占比例最大;农户分化对其居民点生产功能占地比例影响不大,农户非农化对其居民点居住功能影响较为显著,即农户非农化程度越高,其居民点居住功能越强;农户层面上居民点服务功能比例偏大是造成户均用地偏大和集约利用水平低下的重要因素,也是未来管制户均用地规模的重要突破口。     

A subsoil compaction database: its development, structure and content

A database which holds results of field and laboratory experiments on the impact of subsoil compaction on physical and mechanical soil parameters and on crop yields and environmental impact is being developed within the EU sponsored concerted action (CA) project “Experiences with the impact of subsoil compaction on soil, crop growth and environment and ways to prevent subsoil compaction”. The database accumulates and can provide all available data from the participants of the European Union countries, and is compatible with the European Soil Database and other related databases.

More than 600 sets of data (Excel workbooks) from participants from the European Union, plus Poland, Switzerland and Norway are included in the database. Through a similar EU sponsored CA, Eastern European countries are expected to deliver 260 sets of data thus bringing the total number of Excel workbooks to approximately 860. In total, the database will contain approximately 13,500 data spreadsheets.

The objective of the database is to collect data on subsoil compaction, to store it in a structured format and to make it available for analysis and use. Thereby it will enable elucidation of the impact of subsoil compaction on soil properties, crop yields and environment and evaluate the vulnerability of soils to compaction.     

溴虫腈与哒螨灵对朱砂叶螨的联合作用

为明确溴虫腈与哒螨灵的联合杀螨活性,采用玻片浸渍法测定了溴虫腈与哒螨灵不同配比混剂对朱砂叶螨雌成螨的杀螨活性,并以共毒因子法和共毒系数法评价混剂的增效作用。结果表明,溴虫腈和哒螨灵对朱砂叶螨雌成螨处理后24 h的致死中质量浓度(LC50)分别为8.80、17.69mg/L;溴虫腈与哒螨灵的质量比为49∶51、47∶53、45∶55时增效最明显,对朱砂叶螨处理后24 h的共毒系数分别为177.94、178.49、173.73,LC50分别为6.65、6.72、7.00 mg/L,其毒力分别是哒螨灵的2.66倍、2.63倍、2.53倍。因此,45%~49%溴虫腈与51%~55%哒螨灵混合具有显著的增效作用。     

药食兼用植物水芹的研究现状

野生水芹是一类重要的药食兼用植物,在此通过综述水芹的化学成分、药理作用、食疗作用以及富集特性等一系列性质,为水芹在营养价值和药用价值方面的开发以及水芹用于重金属污染治理等方面提供重要理论依据和科学指导.     

蜂王浆的抗菌活性研究

本文采用平板培养法研究蜂王浆的抗菌活性 ,发现新鲜蜂王浆对10种试验菌均有不同程度的抑制作用。根据抑菌斑的大小判断 ,蜂王浆对各种试验菌株的抑制程度为 :枯草杆菌>威克氏酵母>蜡状芽孢杆菌>隐球酵母>鼠伤寒沙门氏菌>大肠杆菌O111>福氏志贺氏2型菌>假单孢杆菌>N1 米曲霉>霉菌W15。     

Introduction of Action Plan of Forestry Sustainable Development of Qinzhou-Fangchenggang area, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China

Guanngxi Autonomous Region is an important tropical forestry region in south of China. The main purpose of this research supported by FAO is to generate action plan for sustainable forestry development of this region. Through two-year broad and deep investigation, the programme of the action plant has been made, which includes 12 fields, 38 projects, with duration of 5 years.     

Potential use of lymphocyte blastogenic responses in diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis

A comparison of in vitro lymphocyte responses and delayed type tuberculin skin test responses was made in an animal experimentally exposed to a Mycobacterium bovis-infected animal and in cattle naturally infected with M. bovis. Tuberculin skin tests did not suppress in vitro lymphocyte responses to M. bovis PPD and to M. avium PPD tuberculin. The whole blood test used in these studies provided for considerable savings in time as compared to use of purified lymphocytes for evaluating in vitro cellular responses. Variations in the responsiveness of lymphocytes to specific mycobacterial antigens was observed, therefore, it is recommended that profiles be established using three or more tests conducted at 14-day intervals.     

精确计算链传动垂度方法的研究

给出了精确计算链传动垂度的方法，指出了链传动的垂度与链条和链轮的啮合位置有关，首次考虑了链传动垂度的变量性质，并利用此法求出了链传动垂度变化量的最大值和最小值以及松边两端的张力。     

Chlorophyll fluorescence as a marker for herbicide mechanisms of action

Photosynthesis is the single most important source of O₂ and organic chemical energy necessary to support all non-autotrophic life forms. Plants compartmentalize this elaborate biochemical process within chloroplasts in order to safely harness the power of solar energy and convert it into usable chemical units. Stresses (biotic or abiotic) that challenge the integrity of the plant cell are likely to affect photosynthesis and alter chlorophyll fluorescence. A simple three-step assay was developed to test selected herbicides representative of the known herbicide mechanisms of action and a number of natural phytotoxins to determine their effect on photosynthesis as measured by chlorophyll fluorescence. The most active compounds were those interacting directly with photosynthesis (inhibitors of photosystem I and II), those inhibiting carotenoid synthesis, and those with mechanisms of action generating reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation (uncouplers and inhibitors of protoporphyrinogen oxidase). Other active compounds targeted lipids (very-long-chain fatty acid synthase and removal of cuticular waxes). Therefore, induced chlorophyll fluorescence is a good biomarker to help identify certain herbicide modes of action and their dependence on light for bioactivity.