微生态制剂在奶牛养殖中的应用

随着畜禽养殖技术的不断提升,当代畜禽养殖业的发展方向逐渐由追求“数量”向追求“品质”发展。微生态制剂是利用正常微生物或促进微生物生长的物质制成的活的微生物制剂,具有改善动物饲料利用率,提高生长速度和机体免疫力,改善畜产品品质等作用。本文从微生态制剂的种类、作用机理以及在奶牛养殖中的应用效果和存在问题等方面进行阐述,为微生态制剂的发展提供思路。     

Informing Community Engagement in Sea Turtle Conservation by Examining Non-Conservation-Related Participation in Northeast Brazil

Participation in conservation programs is often viewed as a necessity, but understanding of this participation is limited. This research takes a different approach by also examining participation in non-conservation-related activities. Questionnaires (N = 339) were administered in four Brazilian coastal communities where the national sea turtle conservation project conducts monitoring and outreach. Employing social capital as a conceptual framework, measurements included participation in civic, community, and social activities along with group participation and collective action. Confirmatory factor analysis was used for validating measures of social capital and conservation perceptions. Structural equation modeling indicated that social capital has a positive relationship with participation in sea turtle conservation, suggesting that general levels of participation and community norms of participation could be just as influential as conservation perceptions to engage communities in conservation. Information gained by deconstructing participation may be used to design and target conservation programs, improving overall participation.     

Describing Human–Wildlife Interaction from a European Perspective

European researchers from both the natural and social sciences show growing interest in studying interactions between society and wildlife. A wealth of theoretical frameworks, concepts, and methods are used, but an integration of perspectives is lacking. This research note summarizes results from two workshops that included 63 delegates from 25 European countries, as well as a follow-up survey of 41 respondents. Two main theoretical approaches to the study of human–wildlife interactions were identified. One approach focuses on the collective societal level relying on theories of governance, social representation, deliberative procedures, and commons theory. The other approach targets individuals or groups, and is based on theories such as the cognitive hierarchy, theory of reasoned action, and theory of planned behavior. Interdisciplinary collaboration is needed to identify the best options for wildlife conservation and management in a more politically integrated Europe.     

Analysis of Project Audit''s Function and Civil Action

Audit takes a unique status and has obvious function in financial surveillance system.The Audit is used to superintend the factuality,validity and virtue of fiscal and financial income and expenses.In the renewed China Audit law the functions and status of official audit have been intensified,and the qualification and status of Audit department as executing office is confirmed.This paper analyzed the official construction project audit's function and legal status.     

Anthelmintic Actions of the Cyclic Depsipeptide PF1022A and its Electrophysiological Effects on Muscle Cells of Ascaris suum

The cyclic depsipeptide PF1022A, given orally to mice, showed very good anthelmintic activity against Heligmosomoides polygyrus and Heterakis spumosa at 50 mg kg⁻¹. In vitro, PF1022A was very active against Trichinella spiralis and had good activity against Nippostrongylus brasiliensis at 1 μg ml⁻¹. An 18-membered enniatin analogue, JES 1798, showed good activity only against N. brasiliensis at 10 μg ml⁻¹. The optical antipode of PF1022A had poor activity even at 100 μg ml⁻¹. The effects of PF1022A on the membrane potential and input conductance of somatic muscle of Ascaris suum were examined using a two-microelectrode current-clamp technique. PF1022A did not antagonize the effects of the selective nicotinic agonist levamisole. PF1022A and an analogue, JES 1798, but not the PF1022A antipode, produced a small time-dependent increase in input conductance associated with no potential change. The increase in input conductance did not occur in the Cl⁻-free bathing solution, suggesting that the increase in input conductance was mediated by Cl⁻ ions. The addition of high concentrations of Ca²⁺ to the preparation after the addition of PF1022A did not lead to production of Ca²⁺-activated Cl⁻ channels, suggesting that its mode of action was not that of a Ca²⁺ ionophore. The mechanism by which the cyclic depsipeptide might increase the Cl⁻ conductance is discussed.     

杭白菊生物活性成分及药理研究进展

杭白菊含有黄酮类化合物、挥发油、绿原酸、维生素、氨基酸等多种生物活性物质,这些生物活性物质具有抗氧化、保护心血管、降血脂、降血糖、抗菌等功能,因而近年来引起了人们对其生物活性物质、药理作用等方面的广泛研究。本文对杭白菊的研究进展进行了综述,并对其应用开发前景进行了展望。     

石菖蒲提取物对玉米象的驱避和触杀作用

测定了石菖蒲4种溶剂提取物对玉米象成虫的驱避和触杀作用。结果表明:石菖蒲的4种溶剂提取物对玉米象成虫均有很好的驱避效果,60 h驱避等级均达到Ⅲ和Ⅳ级。4种溶剂的提取物均对玉米象成虫有明显的触杀作用,毒力回归方程及LC50分别为:无水乙醇提取物:y=4.37 2.13x,1.97 mg/cm2;丙酮提取物:y=4.53 1.42x,2.14 mg/cm2;乙酸乙脂提取物:y=4.52 2.10x,1.69 mg/cm2;石油醚提取物:y=4.23 2.32x,2.15 mg/cm2。     

灵芝的生物学特性、液体发酵及药理作用的研究进展

以灵芝生长特性、液体发酵、药理作用为切入点,综合查询近5年发表的收录于中国知网和艾斯维尔等数据库中的相关文献,就灵芝的生物学特性、液体发酵条件、药理作用方面的研究进展进行综述,为更好地开发利用灵芝资源提供依据。指出现今灵芝的药理作用等基础研究较多,而生长栽培和发酵条件优化的研究报道则较少,而其临床应用的机制则有待进一步探讨。     

杉木全同胞家系的遗传分析及重要树冠因子的筛选

通过对5年生杉木6×6全双列杂交(Griffing Ⅲ)试验林的调查与分析,研究杉木若干性状的遗传与变异规律,并筛选决定理想株型的重要树冠结构因子,为杂交育种和杉木理想株型无性系选育提供科学依据。运用转化分析法来处理不平衡试验数据,结合配合力分析法、相关分析法和通径分析法,研究杉木遗传变异、基因作用方式和重要树冠因子的选择。通过对杉木若干性状进行研究,获得了不同性状遗传变异大小。结果表明,杉木材积、枝下高和饱满度等性状具有中度遗传变性,树高、胸径具有窄的遗传变异性,同时杉木改良性状具有中度以上的遗传力,因此杉木生长形质性状宜采用连续多世代改良;在杉木生长、形质性状和树冠结构性状中,12个研究性状有8个重要性状的基因作用方式以非加性遗传基因效应为主,杉木高世代育种亲本是多世代与高强度选择的产物,杂合体居多,杉木的多性状、高世代遗传改良以杂交育种为主;生长、形质和树冠结构性状间具有明显的遗传相关性,通径分析揭示:决定杉木理想株型育种中重要树冠结构性状是冠形率和树冠表面积大小。由此可见:杉木多性状、多世代连续改良以杂交育种为主,杉木无性系理想株型选择时,应注重冠形率和树冠表面积的作用。     

药用植物小叶榕研究进展

小叶榕为桑科榕属乔木,我国传统的中药材之一,具有止咳平喘、抗炎抑菌的功效,在岭南地区常用来治疗呼吸道疾病,是止咳类中成药的主要原料之一。小叶榕四季常绿,树型优美,也是我国南方城市绿化的优选行道树。但国内外对小叶榕的研究较少,主要集中在作为绿化植物特性方面的研究,而在用作药用植物方面的研究十分薄弱,优良小叶榕种质资源评价和选育、深加工及资源高效利用等技术缺乏。小叶榕药效成分的种类及其作用机理研究不够深入,生产上缺少叶干浸膏量效关系的质量标准,制约着小叶榕药用价值的开发和应用。随着小叶榕的综合开发利用逐渐受到重视,展现出巨大的应用前景和经济效益。从生药学研究、化学成分、质量工艺、药理活性及临床应用等方面对小叶榕的研究与利用进行综述,以期为更好的综合利用提供理论依据。