根肿病(Plasmodiophora brassicae)菌侵染对大白菜幼苗叶片膜脂过氧化的影响

旨在研究根肿病菌侵染过程中膜脂过氧化相关指标及保护酶类活性的变化。以感病（91-12B）和抗病（CR91-12B）大白菜为试验材料,采用注射法对其进行接菌,取样测定。91-12B和CR91-12B抗氧化酶类活性均表现为先升高后降低,但抗病CR91-12B对病菌胁迫反应迅速,防御及时,活性氧系统处于动态平衡。感病91-12B对病菌胁迫反应慢,防御不及时,活性氧系统平衡被破坏。这说明接菌后,抗病材料能及时产生超氧阴离子作为信号激发细胞的抗氧化反应。同时发现,接菌后第8天为抗病CR91-12B对病菌胁迫产生反应的时间。本试验验证了根肿病抗性与膜脂过氧化间的关系,为一些生长调节剂和人工合成的活性氧清除剂在抗根肿病上的应用提供了依据;     

蓖麻蚕滞育与过氧化氢代谢的关系

为了探讨蓖麻蚕滞育的机理,研究了蓖麻蚕蛹H2O2代谢的变化,并比较了在5℃冷藏滞育条件下的差异。结果表明,常温环境蓖麻蚕蛹期的H2O2含量呈减少趋势,第3~5天急速变化,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在第5天出现活性峰,故蛹期第3~5天是蓖麻蚕生理变化的一个敏感时期。第3天开始蛹滞育条件5℃冷藏,雄蛹在30 d前后、雌蛹在80 d左右H2O2含量出现快速改变;SOD和CAT活性一直呈下降趋势,但自30 d开始CAT活性出现快速下降过程,5℃冷藏30 d是蓖麻蚕蛹H2O2代谢的临界期生理时间,这与蚕蛹的30 d冷藏阈值时间吻合。     

多酚酸酯稳定剂对生物柴油室温稳定性的影响

室温条件下,测定了含不同多酚酸酯稳定剂的生物柴油过氧化值6个月内随时间的变化曲线.用于研究的23种稳定剂,包括:5种没食子酸烷基酯、6种没食子酸萜醇酯(没食子酸金合欢酯、没食子酸香叶酯、没食子酸芳樟酯、没食子酸橙花叔醇酯、没食子酸薄荷酯和没食子酸氢化松香酯)、3种合成抗氧化剂、2种天然抗氧化剂、3种双组分稳定剂、2种三组分稳定剂以及2种含协同增效剂的稳定剂.结果显示没食子酸甲酯对生物柴油的室温稳定化作用明显强于其它4种没食子酸烷基酯、6种没食子酸萜醇酯、3种合成抗氧化剂和2种天然抗氧化剂;没食子酸金合欢酯对生物柴油的室温稳定化作用强于其它5种没食子酸萜醇酯;双组分稳定剂和三组分稳定剂等复合组分稳定剂没有明显改善生物柴油的室温稳定性;含协同增效剂的稳定剂能提高生物柴油的室温稳定性,协同增效剂柠檬酸的作用特别明显;杂质铁和杂质铜会降低生物柴油的室温稳定性,且杂质铁的影响大于杂质铜.     

过氧化氢对丹参悬浮细胞生长及次生代谢物积累的影响

以稳定的丹参悬浮细胞为实验材料,研究过氧化氢和过氧化氢与酵母提取物组合对丹参悬浮细胞生长及次生代谢物积累的影响。结果表明,过氧化氢和过氧化氢与酵母提取物的组合均对细胞生长有不同程度的抑制作用;过氧化氢对丹参酚酸和丹参酮的生成均有促进作用,其中10μmol/L过氧化氢处理的细胞中丹参酚酸含量达到最大值94.85 mg/g干重,为对照组的2.43倍;过氧化氢与酵母提取物的组合对丹参次生代谢物的积累作用效果不明显。上述结果表明,过氧化氢是丹参悬浮细胞次生代谢物积累的有效诱导子。     

Antioxidant,ethylene and membrane leakage responses to powdery mildew infection of near-isogenic barley lines with various types of resistance

Leaves of powdery mildew-susceptible barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Ingrid) and related near-isogenic lines bearing various resistance genes (Mla12, Mlg or mlo5) were inoculated with Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei race A6. Fungal attack induced several-fold increases in ethylene emission and electrolyte leakage in leaves of susceptible Ingrid beginning 3 days after inoculation. Activities of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymes were induced markedly in susceptible leaves 5–7 days after inoculation. Similar, but less pronounced pathogen-induced changes were detected in inoculated leaves of Mla-type resistant plants that show hypersensitive cell death upon inoculation, and, to an even lesser extent, in the Mlg and mlo lines, where no visible symptoms accompanied the incompatible interaction. Glutathione content increased only in susceptible barley 7 days after inoculation. Catalase activity, total ascorbate content and redox state were not influenced by inoculation in any of the genotypes. The activity of dehydroascorbate reductase was significantly reduced 3–5 days after inoculation in the susceptible parental plants and after 5 days in Mla and Mlg lines, while it was stable in the mlo barley. Slightly elevated levels of H₂O₂ were observed in the inoculated resistant plants. In contrast, H₂O₂ content decreased in the susceptible line 7 days after pathogen attack. These data indicate that high levels of antioxidants are involved in the compatible interaction of susceptible barley and powdery mildew by protecting the pathogen from oxidative damage.     

水稻白叶枯病菌内源过氧化氢在细胞分裂周期中的时空定位变化

【目的】分析细菌内源过氧化氢在细胞分裂周期中的时空变化,探讨细菌增殖中过氧化氢的生理功能。【方法】采用组织化学法通过透射电子显微镜技术观察水稻白叶枯病菌内源过氧化氢的积累位置。【结果】不同菌株内源过氧化氢水平不同,在细菌的整个细胞分裂周期中观察到过氧化氢在细胞壁上的积累水平维持稳定,在多个菌株的细胞分裂过程中,除细胞壁之外,还在2个新的位点（类间体结构和核区）出现过氧化氢的大量积累,表现出数量和空间定位的显著变化。【结论】在多个水稻白叶枯病菌菌株中发现胞内额外的大量过氧化氢积累和定位与细胞分裂的进程密切相关,这种过氧化氢的时空变化很可能是细菌分裂时的普遍现象。推测过氧化氢应在细菌增殖中具有重要作用。     

Oligochitosan induces cell death and hydrogen peroxide accumulation in tobacco suspension cells

Oligochitosan has been shown to induce several plant defense responses. In the present work, the effect of oligochitosan on tobacco cell survival was investigated. The results showed that oligochitosan caused tobacco cell death in a dose-dependent manner. About 40.6 % tobacco cells died when cultured for 72 h after 500 μg ml⁻¹ oligochitosan treatment. Certain aspects of this cell death process appeared to be similar to apoptosis in animal cells. These included shrinkage of cytoplasm and condensation of chromatin. Oligochitosan also induced H₂O₂ accumulation in tobacco cell suspension culture. The role of H₂O₂ in the signal transduction that leads to cell death was investigated. Co-treatment of tobacco cells with oligochitosan and catalase inhibited H₂O₂ accumulation but did not inhibit the induction of cell death. The results suggested that apoptosis-like cell death of tobacco cells induced by oligochitosan is independent of H₂O₂ signal pathway.     

Impact of sodium cyanide on catalase activity in the freshwater exotic carp, Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus)

The Cyprinus carpio fingerlings on exposure to lethal (1 mg/L) and sub lethal concentrations (0.066 mg/L) of sodium cyanide showed inhibition in the activity of catalase. The disruption of catalase activity in freshwater fish, C. carpio is demonstrated in the present study using UV–visible spectrophotometer at 240 nm using hydrogen peroxide as a substrate. It suggests toxic effects of sodium cyanide and consequent accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in the functionally different tissues namely, liver, gill, muscle and brain. This might lead to cellular damages, and create widespread physiological disturbance. The results suggest that catalase activity can be a good diagnostic tool for sodium cyanide toxicity in biomonitoring programme.     

棉花响应UV-B辐射的信号初探

以3种棉花为供试材料,研究紫外线-B(UV-B)辐射及外源SNP、ABA叠加处理对棉花幼苗表观形态及内源H2O2与NO水平的影响。结果表明,UV-B辐射引起棉花幼苗叶片呈现锈色伤斑,离体叶片明显失水萎蔫。叶片外源涂抹SNP、ABA能减轻UV-B辐射引起的幼叶伤斑与萎蔫症状,缓解UV-B辐射所造成的伤害。DAB及DAF-2DA染色结果显示,UV-B辐射引起棉花内源H2O2与NO含量增加,而NO的释放通过减少H2O2积累减轻紫外辐射对棉花的伤害。ABA预处理可增强棉花对紫外伤害的耐受能力,且与H2O2与NO的释放密切相关。UV-B辐射对棉花生长造成伤害,H2O2、NO及ABA都参与棉花应答UV-B胁迫的信号转导过程。     

谷氨酰胺对过氧化氢诱导氧化应激人结肠癌HT-29细胞损伤和凋亡的影响

本试验旨在通过研究谷氨酰胺对过氧化氢(H_2O_2)诱导氧化应激人结肠癌HT-29细胞损伤和凋亡的影响,阐明谷氨酰胺的抗氧化效果和作用机理。HT-29细胞经不同浓度[0(对照组)、0.5、2.0、10.0 mmol/L]谷氨酰胺和0.35 mmol/L H_2O_2分别处理12、24、32 h后,测定细胞的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,并采用荧光定量PCR方法分析谷氨酰胺对H_2O_2诱导的细胞凋亡相关基因的mRNA相对表达量,以及采用膜联蛋白V-异硫氰酸荧光素/碘化丙啶双染法对HT-29细胞染色,并用流式细胞仪检测细胞的凋亡情况。结果表明:1)处理24 h后,0.5、2.0 mmol/L Gln组SOD活性显著高于对照组(P0.05);处理32 h后,0.5、2.0 mmol/L Gln组SOD活性显著高于对照组(P0.05),MDA含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。2)处理12 h后,各组天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶-3(Caspase-3)和B淋巴细胞瘤-2相关X蛋白(Bax)mRNA相对表达量无显著差异(P0.05)。与对照组比较,0.5 mmol/L Gln组核转录因子κB(NF-κB)mRNA相对表达量显著降低(P0.05),0.5与2.0 mmol/L Gln组B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)mRNA相对表达量显著提高(P0.05)。处理24 h后,与对照组比较,0.5、2.0和10.0 mmol/L Gln组Caspase-3、NF-κB和Bax mRNA相对表达量均显著降低(P0.05),Bcl-2mRNA相对表达量显著升高(P0.05)。处理32 h后,与对照组比较,2.0 mmol/L Gln组细胞表面诱导凋亡分子(FAS)、Caspase-3、NF-κB、Bax mRNA相对表达量均显著降低(P0.05),Bcl-2mRNA相对表达量显著升高(P0.05);10.0 mmol/L Gln组FAS、Caspase-3、NF-κB、Bax mRNA相对表达量均显著升高(P0.05)。3)处理24 h后,与对照组比较,Gln处理使活细胞数量提高了5.32%~11.97%,坏死细胞数量降低了6.75%~12.66%。处理32 h后,与对照组比较,Gln处理使活细胞数量提高了1.39%~7.63%,坏死细胞数量降低了3.40%~4.57%。由此可见,谷氨酰胺可抑制氧化应激反应,降低H_2O_2诱导的HT-29细胞凋亡。