老岭自然保护区的野生果树种质资源

青龙县老岭的野生果树种质资源比较丰富，初步查明有１２种，５０种。简要叙述了主要种的生物学特点及用途，进行了必要的讨论。     

Changes on carbohydrates and nitrogen content in the bark tissues induced by artificial chilling and its relationship with dormancy bud break in Prunus sp.

Stem cuttings of peach, nectarine, plum and apricot, obtained from 1-year-old shoots at leaf drop in autumn, were exposed at a constant 3.0 ± 0.1 °C to simulate different chilling accumulation treatments (0, 500, and 1000 chilling hours). A set of 10 excised shoots was forced to budbreak after chilling accumulation; a second set of 10 excised shoots was used to analyse sugars, starch, and ammonium-, nitric- and proteinaceous-nitrogen content in the bark tissues. Sorbitol, fructose and glucose were the main sugars in the bark tissues, whereas sucrose and rafinose showed the lowest quantities in all Prunus sp. studied. Sorbitol and starch concentration decreased whereas glucose and fructose concentration increased with chilling. Ammonium-nitrogen showed the more dramatic increase with medium chilling treatment, decreasing again at high chilling exposure. No modifications in proteinaceous- and nitric-nitrogen levels were observed due to chilling. Chilling treatments increasing flowering intensity showed high ammonium- and proteinaceous-nitrogen content in the bark tissues of the stem cuttings, whereas those reducing flowering intensity showed high starch and nitric-nitrogen content, in three of the four Prunus sp. studied. Ammonium-nitrogen content gives the highest correlation with flowering intensity.     

设施栽培果树病虫害种类与发生特点

对桃、杏、樱桃设施栽培下病虫害调查的结果显示，全区设施果树病虫(螨)害共27种，其中虫(螨)害16种，分属4目12科；病害11种，分属9目9科(属)。主要病虫(螨)害12种(病害6种，虫害5种，螨类1种)。经对果树主要病虫(螨)害在设施条件下的发生危害规律观察，总结出了设施果树病虫害发生特点。     

Influence of hot water treatment on brown rot of peach and rapid fruit response to heat stress

Recent results on hot water as an alternative treatment open a new perspective in disease incidence reduction. In the present work peach fruit were wounded, inoculated with conidia of Monilinia laxa and 15 min, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after inoculation treated by dipping in hot water (HT) at 60 °C for 20 s. The effect of heat treatment on some cell wall genes involved in ripening such as β-galactosidase (β-GAL), pectin lyase (PL), polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methyl esterase (PME), was analyzed by qRT-PCR. The expression levels of defense related genes, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and chitinase (CHI), heat stress-related genes such as heat shock proteins 70 and 90 (HSP70, HSP90), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging genes were also evaluated by qRT-PCR. A 100% disease incidence reduction, as compared to untreated fruit, was obtained by treating 6 and 12 h after inoculation. Moreover, brown rot was inhibited by 85.7% when fruit were heat-treated 48 h after inoculation. The expression levels of cell wall genes (β-GAL, PL, PG and PME) showed a general decrease in HT fruit as compared to the control, whereas PAL, CHI, HSP70 and ROS-scavenging genes increased their expression level in HT samples with respect to the untreated ones. Our results show a curative activity of heat on peach inoculated with M. laxa 48 h before treatment. Each analyzed gene proved to be differentially expressed following heat treatment.     

檫木开花与果实发育规律初步研究

目的 观察檫木开花与果实发育过程,为檫木资源收集利用等研究提供参考。 方法 以杭州市富阳区城市森林公园内树龄超过10 a的檫木为调查对象,于2018年1—7月对其开花习性与果实发育过程进行观测,利用石蜡切片和体视显微镜观察花和果实结构。 结果 （1）檫木成花的芽是由簇生花序和新枝生长锥构成的混合芽,自混合芽芽鳞开裂至花期结束约60 d。（2）观察到2种结构类型的花,分别由花被片6枚、雄蕊12枚、雌蕊1枚和花被片8枚、雄蕊16枚、雌蕊1枚组成,前者具退化雄蕊3枚,后者具退化雄蕊4枚。（3）檫木果实发育呈现“慢-快-慢”的变化规律,随着果实生长,果实含水率下降,而果实干质量呈线性增加,5月初种胚开始发育,至6月下旬果皮呈紫黑色时果实成熟。 结论 檫木开花过程可以分为芽鳞开裂期、初花期、盛花期、末花期4个阶段,群体水平上花期约45 d,且檫木花能够正常授粉结实;檫木果实发育12周,可分为幼果期、果实膨大期、果皮变色期和果实成熟期,果实为浆果状核果,种子为双子叶无胚乳种子。     

鲜活农产品在连云港市的物流与营销

指出了人们对农产品的消费观念发生了深刻的变化,从消费者对农产品的需求及消费者购买行为两方面分析了连云港市的市场环境,并对鲜活农产品在连云港市的物流与营销进行了探讨。     

蜡杨梅砧木嫁接的晚稻杨梅盐碱地栽培试验

用2种不同砧木嫁接晚稻杨梅种植于盐碱地和酸性土壤中,进行杨梅栽培试验.结果表明,两种土壤中的营养元素除速效钾盐碱土高于酸性土外,其它均低于酸性土,但两种土壤上的杨梅叶片元素含量有所不同,大量元素盐碱土稍低于酸性土,而微量元素除Cu相同外其它均高于酸性土;本接杨梅种植在盐碱地上与蜡杨梅作砧木嫁接杨梅生长相比较,本接杨梅树...     

美国薄壳山核桃果实发育研究

1995～ 1998年 ,在云南省林业科学院漾濞研究站从浙江引种的美国山核桃林内 ,对金华 1号、绍兴 1号、山站 2号、长林 13号 4个品种的果实发育进行了观测和解剖研究。结果表明 ,这 4个品种都具有明显的缓慢生长期、迅速膨大期、硬核期、果仁生长期 4个发育期 ;果实的体积和重量生长速率有 3～ 4次高峰 ,并与各发育期吻合 ;胚在硬核期出现 ,经历 18～ 19天基本定型 ,胚出现果实到采收需经历 5 2～ 5 9天 ,研究为正确制定丰产栽培措施提供了理论依据。通过对气温和降雨量的分析认为 ,美国山核桃为喜热树种 ,漾濞引种的美国山核桃发叶开花时间比浙江早 10天左右 ,果实进入迅速膨大期反而迟 10～ 15天。