小流域参与式土地利用规划探讨

近年来,参与式小流域管理在我国越来越受到重视。参与式土地利用规划是参与式小流域管理的基础。基于长期的实践,对小流域参与式土地利用规划的框架、过程、方法和工具进行了总结,比较了参与式土地利用规划与传统方法的不同,并探讨了其在我国的适应性和可推广性。     

农民参与式方法在热带牧草推广中的应用

介绍参与式方法在热带牧草推广中的应用及实践,分析当前参与式牧草技术的推广应用现状,为参与式理论与方法的发展提供实践参考。     

新农村视角下农民参与式小型水利

用水户参与式灌溉管理是我国近年来在总结本国管理体制基础上结合国际管理经验提出的一项重大改革。新时期倡导“坚持以人为本，构建和谐社会”的社会主义“新农村”建设与发展过程中，国家高度重视农村基础设施的建设发展特别是农村水利设施，那么农村小型水利工程参与式管理体制目前状况如何、今后如何围绕“新农村”发展将是新时期农村水利管理体制发展所面临和需要解决的。     

Analysis of three crucial elements of REDD+ in participatory forest management

Abstract

It is claimed that reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) could contribute to sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks as well as having the potential to deliver significant social and environmental co-benefits (+). From the perspectives of local factors and broader governance issues related to REDD+, this study aims to explore findings related to three crucial elements, commitment, transparency and continuity, implemented jointly with participatory forest management in Tanzania in the case of the REDD+ mechanism. This paper argues that commitment and transparent systems are needed at village level, as well as at the various levels of forest governance and among the donors, in order for REDD+ benefits to be shared equitably at the REDD+ project level. Any REDD+ project should include safeguards that recognise and protect the continuity of multipurpose functions of the forest to local people and avoid dependence on external payments.     

参与式乡村评估在青海海东地区CDM造林再造林项目中的应用

基于实地踏查、问卷调查、社区会议及关键人物访谈等参与式乡村评估工具对青海海东地区清洁发展机制(CDM)造林再造林项目进行评估,结果表明:拟议项目能很好地反映当地社区生计发展需求,不仅将对缓解气候变化做出贡献,还将为社区经济发展和环境保护做出贡献。农户、社区和政府等相关利益群体对项目实施提出进行更多的技术和业务培训,合理选择资金安排,采用混交种植方式等有益建议。     

参与式乡村评估在青海大通县CDM造林再造林项目中的应用

基于实地踏查、问卷调查、社区会议及关键人物访谈等参与式乡村评估工具对青海大通县清洁发展机制(CDM)造林再造林项目进行评估,结果表明:拟议项目能很好地反应当地社区生计发展需求,不仅将对缓解气候变化做出贡献,还将为社区经济发展和环境保护做出贡献,农户、社区和政府等相关利益群体对项目实施提出了有益建议。     

The Evolution of Watershed Councils and the Oregon Plan

Summary

Revisiting the history of Oregon politics, especially environmental policy, shows that populist tradition and innovative government are tied together. Political innovation through massive reform led to the Oregon System, a governmental approach that allows a good deal of direct, or participatory, democracy. The degree of direct democracy in Oregon, or at least the threat of voters bypassing the legislature, led to a series of environmental laws passed in the 1970s. Along with similar federal laws, these set a regulatory baseline from which to build a watershed protection strategy. Key to this Watershed Health Program is the role of community-based watershed councils, which provide a good example of local, inclusive, participatory democracy. Utilizing watershed councils as the key component of a state watershed restoration strategy within the context of a regulatory baseline is an example of a hybrid centralized/decentralized approach to environmental policy. This hybrid approach is a political innovation that serves as an incremental response to competing environmental and anti-government populism. This approach will be severely tested by the 1997 Oregon Plan for Salmon and Healthy Watersheds, a state conservation plan designed to head off a listing of salmonid species under the Endangered Species Act. If this approach is successful, community-based ecosystem management groups and states that wish to copy Oregon's example will have new ideas to foster maintenance and restoration of ecosystems through state-administered conservation plans.     

Participatory research approaches to integrating scientific and farmer knowledge of soil to meet multiple objectives in the English East Midlands

Soil management influences food production, economic performance of farm businesses, and a range of public benefits such as water quality, flood control and aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity. The aim of this paper is to explore the role of participatory research in combining scientific and farmer knowledge of soils to meet these multiple objectives. We use five separate research studies involving communication, consultation and co‐production, carried out in the English East Midlands between 2014 and 2018. We compare the participatory processes for knowledge exchange and their material outcomes and assess them retrospectively against specified criteria for successful application of participatory research. We conclude that, depending on context and scalar fit, multiple approaches to participatory research can be complementary, strengthen engagement and build trust within a farming community, resulting in a greater shared understanding of how to address the soil management objectives of farmers and wider society.     

秋色叶树种的造景手法及园林应用

秋色叶树种是表现秋季景观的重要造景材料.从造景的角度,初步探讨了秋色叶树种在园林中的应用.     

坡地植物篱技术参与式发展研究

实践证明,参与式在坡地植物篱项目示范推广中,能有效地调动农民参与的积极性,提高项目的成功率,促进坡地管理技术的创新和发展。参与式的方法是一种创新推广农业实用技术的好方法。比较了传统方法和参与式方法的实践,认为参与式有利于调动社会和农村的各种有利资源,加速农业技术的推广速度,实现可持续发展的目标,因此在新农村建设中,有普遍的实用价值和很好的推广前景。