菌根真菌与植物激素相互作用研究进展

菌根真菌生长及其与植物共生过程中可直接合成或诱导植物产生多种激素类物质,如生长素(auxin)、细胞分裂素(CTK)、赤霉素(GA)、乙烯(ET)、脱落酸(ABA)、水杨酸(SA)和茉莉酸(JA)等,这些物质除了调节植物自身生长发育、控制植物形态建成和生理代谢外,还能在菌根真菌与植物相互识别、菌根形成、诱导植物抗逆性等方面发挥作用。本文总结了菌根真菌对植物激素种类、形态和含量的影响,以及植物激素对菌根真菌生长发育、侵染、产孢和功能的影响。旨在为进一步研究菌根真菌与植物激素相互作用关系、探索菌根真菌生理代谢特点提供依据。     

Seed viability determination in parasitic broomrapes (Orobanche and Phelipanche) using fluorescein diacetate staining

Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) was investigated as a potential viability stain for seeds of holoparasitic broomrapes Orobanche and Phelipanche (Orobanchaceae), using four weedy and two non-weedy taxa. FDA viabilities were compared with the currently used 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) test, and in vitro germination induced by the strigolactone analogue GR-24. Viable FDA-stained seeds were characterised by bright yellow–green fluorescence under 450–490 nm blue light. These viable seeds could be discriminated from non-viable seeds, in which low levels of fluorescence, similar to non-stained control seeds were observed. FDA viabilities were not significantly different from those obtained using the TTC stain; however, viability values for both stains were consistently higher than levels of artificially induced germination. Positive TTC-staining showed continuous variation that was difficult to interpret. Nevertheless, the TTC test does not involve grinding seeds, and therefore probably remains a practical alternative to FDA for screening soil samples contaminated with Orobanche and Phelipanche seeds, which indicates different applications for the two viability tests. Interestingly, the strigolactone analogue GR-24 only induced germination in O. crenata , P. ramosa and O. minor , suggesting a high specificity towards this germination inducer among the species investigated. We suggest that FDA-staining provides a potential alternative to the currently used TTC test for seed viability assays for Orobanche and Phelipanche , and other parasitic weeds which are an obstacle to crop cultivation.     

Morphogenetic Effects of Different Mineral N-compounds on Roots of Maize (Zea mays L.), Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Broad Bean (Vicia faba L.)

Plants of maize ( Zea mays L.), spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) and broad bean ( Vicia faba L.) were raised in tubes filled with a soil-sand mixture and supplied with nutrient solution. The nutrient supply was varied with regard to concentration and typ of compound of "N". Due to the relatively high concentrations of "N", dry matter of shoots and roots was reduced in comparison to the control; root morphology was affected in terms of root length and root thickness. The N-compounds, used in the experiment, exerted quantitatively different influences on dry matter production and root morphology, NH₄NO₃ being the N-form which had the weakest detrimental effects. There was no specific response to NH⁺₄ or NO⁻₃ but a strong influence could be shown for NH₄Cl and N_aNO₃. Probably not only the concentration of "N" and the form of "N" have a specific influence, but also the cations and anions associated with the N-containing ion are effective.     

高黎贡山自然保护区野生动植物资源现状及保护

在介绍高黎贡山国家自然保护区野生动植物资源现状的基础上，提出了保护野生动植物资源的对策。     

升金湖消落带植被特征及与土壤特性的关系

探讨湖泊湿地土壤特性对植物多样性的影响,对于理解湿地植被分布及功能的维持机制具有重要意义.在安徽升金湖消落带沿水位梯度设立研究样方,测定植物的盖度、地上生物量以及土壤含水量、有机碳、全氮、全磷等指标,并结合Pearson相关性分析、冗余分析(redundancy analysis,RDA)探讨了土壤特性对植物多样性的影响.结果表明,随着地下水位上升,土壤含水量与全氮含量显著增加(P<0.05),土壤有机碳和土壤全磷含量显著降低(P<0.05).土壤有机碳、全磷含量以及C?N与土壤含水量极显著负相关(P<0.001),土壤全氮、N?P以及C?P与土壤含水量极显著正相关(P<0.001).土壤含水量、土壤全氮含量以及C?P和N?P是影响消落带植被物种多样性变化的关键因子,共同解释了变化的91.85％.总之,土壤含水量可以直接影响消落带植物多样性,也可以通过改变土壤中氮元素的转化和磷元素的有效性间接影响物种多样性.     

基于转录组测序的高羊茅分蘖与株高相关差异表达基因分析

分蘖与株高是禾本科草类植物重要的农艺性状,明确参与调控分蘖与株高的基因类型对牧草和草坪草分子辅助育种具有重要意义。以表型差异明显的两个高羊茅品种“Kentucky-31”（K31）和“Regenerate”为材料,旨在构建高羊茅分蘖节转录组图谱,挖掘在分蘖节部位调控生长发育相关的差异表达基因（differentially expressed genes,DEGs）。基于高通量测序技术平台Illumina HiSeq 2500×Miseq 300进行转录组测序,并将得到的数据进行de novo组装,结果共获得77872条单基因簇（unigene）。将获得的unigenes与非冗余蛋白数据库（non-redundant protein database,NR）、蛋白质数据库（universal protein,Uniprot）、基因本体数据库（gene ontology,GO）、东京基因与基因组数据库（kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG）以及直系同源蛋白簇（clusters of orthologous groups,COG）数据库进行比对,结果显示：分别有59927、40213、44447、15146和13767条unigenes成功获得注释。“Regenerate”与“K31”对比有1573个上调DEGs和1441个下调DEGs。GO富集分析发现,DEGs主要富集在细胞、细胞组分、大分子复合物组装等生物过程。DEGs中共注释到42个差异表达转录因子,主要包括TCP、WRKY和ARF等19种类型。还注释到与8类植物激素相关的DEGs,包括生长素、细胞分裂素、脱落酸、赤霉素、乙烯、油菜素甾醇、水杨酸和茉莉酸。利用实时荧光定量PCR对DEGs进行表达模式验证,发现其与RNA-Seq测序结果一致,证实了测序结果的准确性。研究结果丰富了高羊茅的转录组序列资源,初步获得控制株高及分蘖发育的候选因子,为进一步开展基因功能及分子育种研究提供了理论支持。     

高丹草农艺性状与产量的相关和通径分析

[目的] 明确对高丹草产量影响较大的关键农艺性状,挖掘其高产潜力,为品种选育及推广应用提供依据。[方法] 以12份高丹草材料为研究对象,对高丹草各性状进行测量,利用随机区组试验对高丹草主要农艺性状与单株干重进行相关性、主成分和通径分析。[结果] 各农艺性状的变异系数范围为11.61%~54.67%,表明各供试材料主要农艺性状存在丰富变异;各性状与单株干重相关性为株高>茎粗>叶片数>叶长>叶宽,单株干重与株高相关系数最大（0.746）,与叶宽的相关系数最小（0.349）;主成分分析共获得3个主成分,分别是株高因子、分蘖因子和叶宽因子,主成分分析中前3个主成分贡献率分别为45.855%、12.924%、11.594%,累计贡献率高达70.373%,主成分1中各性状特征向量值均为正值,单株干重、株高、茎粗、叶片数和叶长的载荷量较高,表明植株高大、主茎粗、叶片数多且植株叶片较长时,高丹草产量较高;通径分析中对植株产量直接影响的大小为株高（0.444）>茎粗（0.258）>叶片数（0.201）>叶宽（0.136）。[结论] 株高和茎粗是直接影响高丹草单株产量的重要性状。     

光照对药用植物有效成分含量的影响

概述了近10a来光照条件与药用植物有效成分之间关系的研究进展。     

武当山地区野生有毒植物资源的开发利用研究

经调查,湖北武当山地区共有野生有毒维管植物71科156属206种。本文分析和讨论了它们的经济价值、在本地区的开发利用现状及存在的问题,提出了保护与开发对策。     

长安嘉华居住小区环境设计分析

在充分考虑现代居住小区以人为本、生态设计思想的基础上,本文对长安嘉华居住小区道路系统、景观系统、植物配置等进行了介绍。并对小区各个组成部分的园林特色进行了分析。