从经济生态社会角度分析江西省集体林权制度改革

林业是一个特殊的行业,集三大效益即经济效益、生态效益和社会效益于一体,林权改革更能体现改革和效益的关系。综述了江西省林业概况及集体林权改革进展情况,从三大效益角度来分析存在的问题,并提出了相关建议。     

Antibody Prevalence and Risk Factors for Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Women from Multan,Pakistan

Toxoplasma gondii infections are prevalent in humans and warm‐blooded animals. Maternal infections during pregnancy may have devastating consequences for transplacentally infected neonates. This study was conducted to examine the seroprevalence of antibodies to T. gondii in pregnant women of childbearing age and determine risk factors associated with pregnancy history, pet ownership, social and cultural factors at Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Samples were collected from 403 women and examined using a commercially available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall prevalence of antibodies to T. gondii was 17.6% (71) in the 403 samples collected from women. Antibodies to T. gondii were present in 19.4% (45) of 232 pregnant women and 15.2% (26) of the samples from 171 non‐pregnant women. This study identified miscarriage history, pet ownership, type of residence, marital status, source of drinking water and eating habits as significant (P < 0.05) risk factors associated with the presence of antibodies to T. gondii infection. Seroprevalence was not significantly different (P > 0.05) in women from different ethnic groups based upon lifestyle and culture.     

Big Data for weed control and crop protection

Farmers have access to many data‐intensive technologies to help them monitor and control weeds and pests. Data collection, data modelling and analysis, and data sharing have become core challenges in weed control and crop protection. We review the challenges and opportunities of Big Data in agriculture: the nature of data collected, Big Data analytics and tools to present the analyses that allow improved crop management decisions for weed control and crop protection. Big Data storage and querying incurs significant challenges, due to the need to distribute data across several machines, as well as due to constantly growing and evolving data from different sources. Semantic technologies are helpful when data from several sources are combined, which involves the challenge of detecting interactions of potential agronomic importance and establishing relationships between data items in terms of meanings and units. Data ownership is analysed using the ethical matrix method to identify the concerns of farmers, agribusiness owners, consumers and the environment. Big Data analytics models are outlined, together with numerical algorithms for training them. Advances and tools to present processed Big Data in the form of actionable information to farmers are reviewed, and a success story from the Netherlands is highlighted. Finally, it is argued that the potential utility of Big Data for weed control is large, especially for invasive, parasitic and herbicide‐resistant weeds. This potential can only be realised when agricultural scientists collaborate with data scientists and when organisational, ethical and legal arrangements of data sharing are established.     

行政改革之林权改革的思考

从经济和法律的角度,阐述林权的定义,结合我国森林资源产权制度改革的现状,分析了林权改革的重要意义,指出了我国森林资源产权制度改革进程中存在的问题,并为深化和完善森林资源产权制度改革提出了一些对策。     

区分所有建筑物之共有部分的权益研究

建筑物区分所有权是对一栋楼房中专有部分的专有权,对共有部分的共有权以及因共有关系而产生的管理权的结合。区分所有建筑物包括共有部分和专有部分。共有部分涉及众多当事人间多重的权利义务关系。区分所有建筑物共有部分的范围、法律性质,明确区分所有人对共有部分的权利、义务,以使共有部分得以充分利用。     

南方集体林区林权制度改革研究

系统分析南方集体林区存在的产权问题,提出改革的主要内容:1)林权明晰化包括明确林地所有权主体,完善林地所有权的委托代理关系;构建经营权的委托代理关系,明确所有者与经营者之间的权利与义务;科学界定林地使用权和林木所有权主体.2)林权的安全性包括改革林地征用补偿制度;建立公益林征用(管制占用)补偿制度;改革商品林采伐限额制度;改革不合理的林业税费政策.3)林权的市场化运作包括降低交易成本;加强森林资源资产评估工作;提升林权交易需求的动力机制;激活林权交易市场的供给机制.     

河南省非公有制林业发展现状与对策探讨

在大量事实与数据的基础上,分析了非公有制林业在河南省的发展现状,总结了非公有制林业的作用和发展经验,客观地分析了非公有制林业发展的制约因素,提出了非公有制林业的若干发展对策.     

我国农村集体土地所有权制度的反思与重构

我国农村集体土地所有权存在着主体虚位、权能不全、客体范围界定不清等弊端,使农民不能充分利用土地,农民的利益得不到有效保护。就集体土地所有权制度的现行法律规定作了一些反思,并对目前学术界的几种改革思路进行评析。在此基础上,提出重构集体土地所有权制度的设想。     

浙江省丽水市林权制度改革调查与评估

基于丽水市重点林业大县云和、龙泉、庆元3县180户林农的实地调研,通过问卷调查和座谈访问,运用统计学方法对一二手数据进行分析,以探究丽水市林权制度改革过程中的做法、实施状况,并对林权制度改革进行评估,进一步得出存在问题,即“三定”遗留问题、配套工程缺乏人性化和林业经营内容单一。因此建议对林地按现存状况进行微调、加强公共服务、丰富经营内容、建设经营指导队伍等。     

吉林省野生蔷薇科植物类群阶元归属的生物统计学研究

[目的]研究吉林省野生蔷薇科植物的阶元归属、亲缘关系和进化地位。[方法]随机提取阶元的初生性状、次生性状及其特殊性状并赋值,对科中各属、属中各种、属与其所在的科、种与其所在的属进行相关分析并计算阶元赋值求和。[结果]仙女木属和蔷薇亚科相关系数为负值,而和苹果亚科呈显著相关;其他分析结果支持现有文献结论。[结论]生物统计分析结果支持将仙女木属从蔷薇亚科剔除并重新探讨其阶元归属问题。