国家网络森林医院中建立林木健康卡构想

为了适应林改形势,强化公共服务,完善服务功能,建议在国家网络森林医院中,针对具有林权证的用户建立林木健康卡,记录林地的基本信息、林木防治活动以及用户在网院的咨询与专家的解答等信息,实现网院"服务社会、服务林改、服务现代林业"的宗旨。本文系统地探讨了建立林木健康卡的可行性、设计原则、实现方法与使用方法。     

Perceived risk sources and strategies to cope with risk among forest owners with and without off-property work in eastern Norway

Abstract

This paper presents empirical insight into part-time and full-time property owners’ perceptions of risk and risk management strategies. In addition, the relationships between forest owners with varying degree of off-property work and property and forest owner characteristics, risk perceptions, risk management strategies and harvesting behaviour are examined. The data originate from a questionnaire responded to by forest owners in eastern Norway which were merged with 9 years of logging data. Timber price variability and institutional risks were perceived as primary sources of risk. Use of advisers from the forest owners’ association, buying personal insurance and off-property work were perceived as the most important ways to handle risk. The results show that off-property work affects to a lesser degree what forest owners perceived as important risk sources, but that risk perceptions affect to a stronger degree the ways in which risk was dealt with. The chosen risk management strategies influenced the forest owner's harvesting behaviour to some extent, but more research on the issue is needed to clarify the relationship. There was a positive relationship between owners with off-property activities and their performance as timber suppliers. Several measures, such as improved rural education, revision of some of the arrangements that regulate property mergers and support measures for increased on-property diversification may increase annual timber harvesting and reduce variability in harvesting level.     

Comparison of harvesting and business activities of non-shareholders and shareholders in a forest common in Västerbotten,Sweden

Abstract

Swedish forest commons are collectively owned and managed by shareholders who always also own other forest holdings. The majority of them are non-industrial private forest (NIPF) owners. The objective of this study was to assess differences, with respect to harvesting intensity and related business activities on their individually managed forest properties, between non-shareholders and shareholders in a Swedish forest common. Forest commons are intended to promote local agriculture and forestry and to serve as a model for forestry activities. On this basis, the hypotheses examined in this study were that the shareholders’ harvesting and business activities, as well as their contributions to the local economy, are greater than those of non-shareholders. An apparent difference between shareholders and non-shareholders was found, but it was unexpected since non-shareholders undertook more harvesting and business activities than shareholders, and contributed more to the local economy through taxes. Since no evidence was found for a significant difference between the two categories in their potential to undertake forestry activities, one provisional conclusion is that the outcome is partly due to differences between the institutional frameworks in which shareholders and non-shareholders operate and the impact of these frameworks on incentives to maximize forest production.     

Value-added strategies and forward integration in the Swedish sawmill industry: positioning and profitability in the high-volume segment

Abstract

The changing market conditions for the Swedish sawmill industry place a focus on a better understanding of the pros and cons of value-added and forward integration strategies. The purpose of this article is to describe and explain recent value-added strategies in the Swedish sawmill industry. The study includes strategies from 13 of the 15 largest sawmill companies for the period between 2002 and 2005, describing a differentiation between value added in primary sawmill production and forward integration into secondary production. It also aims to relate some basic conditions, such as company size, company growth and corporate strategy, to value added and forward integration to profitability. The results show strong positive and significant correlations between forward integration, value added in primary production (somewhat weaker) and unit revenue, and profitability measured as return on investment. There were no strong or significant correlations between size and profitability, playing down the importance of economies of scale (among these already large companies). An interesting result is the much higher profitability of the buying sawmill companies compared with the forest corporations, stressing the importance of both a long-term strategy when investing in value-added activities and ultimately the priorities of ownership.     

云南省巍山县集体商品林林权改革与松茸的人工促繁栽培技术

目前随着市场对松茸的需求越来越大,松茸价格持续上涨,但由于对松茸的掠夺式采摘和无序利用,使松茸天然资源不断下降,而且使松茸资源受到严重威胁。因此,做好集体林权改革,实施推广松茸的人工促繁栽培技术,是保护松茸资源和持续利用松茸的关键,从而实现松茸资源的有效保护和持续发展。     

我国农业数据发展现状及确权必要性研究

近年来,随着科技的迅速发展,传统农业也正在被人工智能、大数据、云计算等先进技术进行重构和升级,数字农业成为数字经济的重要组成部分。农业数据的保护和利用也因此成为普遍关注的重大问题,相关数据的采集、数据标注和确权、数据交易和保护等都可转化为产业价值。为促进数字经济发展和数据治理,我国出台了一系列政策法规,增设了国家数据局及数据交易所等组织机构,但目前数据确权的法律法规暂未出台,基于农业数据确权的机制尚未建立,对农业数据造成一定的隐患,对释放农业数据要素价值、促进数字农业各环节参与者共享数字经济发展红利造成一定影响。本文立足农业数据各环节现状,分析农业数据存在的风险隐患,围绕农业数据确权的必要性进行浅论,力争为相关企业、机构及学者推进农业数据确权的路径探索、机制建立提供一定的理论基础。     

林改后集体林森林经营方案的编制与实施探讨

针对集体林权制度改革特点和湖南省林改基本现状,分析了林改前后森林经营管理面临的问题,新形势下,提出了包括提高编案质量,强调公众参与;明确编案单元,重视方案的可操作性;加强科学引导,放活经营权;落实采伐限额,完善林木采伐制度等科学编制和执行森林经营方案的几点建议,以期落实林权改革政策,巩固林权改革成果.     

我国野生动物所有权立法述评

野生动物所有权在野生动物保护事业中具有十分重要的地位,为此,我国先后制定了多部与野生动物所有权有关的法律法规,将野生动物所有权纳入法律调整的范围。但是受制定法律法规时各种条件的限制,目前我国野生动物所有权立法存在着一些不尽合理的地方,本文通过对我国野生动物所有权规范性法律文件的梳理,分析了立法方面存在的不足,并提出了立法建议。     

我国物权法确定先占制度若干问题研讨

先占制度源远流长。作为动产所有权原始取得的方式之一 ,先占制度已为大多数国家的民法典所确认。构成先占 ,须具备五个要件。我国现行立法对先占未作规定 ,未来的物权法应明确规定先占制度