Effect of gender on ownership and income in veterinary practice

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effect of gender on ownership and income in veterinary practice in Australia. METHODS: Questionnaire completed by private veterinary practitioners, and analysed using the SAS System for Windows 7.0. RESULTS: More than three-quarters (78%) of male but 36% of female private practitioners were partial or sole owners of practices. The median annual income for all male practitioners working more than 40 hours/week was $70K, but that for females was $43K. These disparities existed in both city and country practices, and in the case of income it increased with increasing time in the workforce. Male practice owners also reported higher incomes than female owners. CONCLUSIONS: Female veterinary practitioners are less likely to own practices, and more likely to earn low incomes than males. These differentials do not appear to be due to location, hours worked or years since graduation or, in the case of income, to whether they are owners or employees. The evidence points to a lower interest by women than men in the business aspects of veterinary practice.     

Simulating private land ownership fragmentation in the Missouri Ozarks, USA

Increasing land ownership fragmentation in the United States is causing concerns with respect to its ecological implications for forested landscapes. This is especially relevant given that human influence is one of the most significant driving forces affecting the forest landscape. A method for generating realistic land ownership maps is needed to evaluate the effects of ownership fragmentation on forest landscapes in combination with other natural processes captured in forest process models. Ownership patterns from human activities usually generate landscape boundary shapes different from those arising from natural processes. Spatial characteristics among ownership types – e.g., private, public ownership – may also differ. To address these issues, we developed the Fragmented Land Ownership Spatial Simulator (FLOSS) to generate ownership patterns that reflect the Public Land Survey System (PLSS) shapes and various patch size distributions among different types of ownership (e.g., private, public). To evaluate FLOSS performance, we compared the simulated patterns with various ownership fragmentation levels to the actual ownership patterns in the Missouri Ozarks by using selected landscape indices. FLOSS generated landscapes with spatial characteristics similar to actual landscapes, suggesting that it can simulate different levels of ownership fragmentation. This will allow FLOSS to serve as a feasible tool for evaluating forest management applications by spatially allocating various management scenarios in a realistic way. The potentials and limitations of FLOSS application are discussed.     

Regional forest fragmentation effects on bottomland hardwood community types and resource values

In human-dominated regions, forest vegetation removal impacts remaining ecosystems but regional-scale biological consequences and resource value changes are not well known. Using forest resource survey data, I examined current bottomland hardwood community types and a range of fragment size classes in the south central United States. Analyses examined resource value indicators, appraised tree-based flood zone and shade tolerance indices, and identified potential regional-scale processes. Findings revealed that the largest fragments had fewer tree species, reduced anthropogenic use evidence, and more older and wetter community types than small fragments. Results also suggested the need for incorporating hydrologic, geomorphic, and understory vegetation parameters in regional forest resource monitoring efforts.Two regional-scale processes are hypothesized: (1) forest fragmentation occurs more frequently in drier habitats and dry zone (inundated 2 months annually), younger seral stage bottomland community types; and (2) forest fragmentation induces establishment of drier habitats or dry zone, younger serai stage community types. Both hypotheses suggest that regional forest fragmentation impacts survival of distinct community types, anthropogenic uses, and multiple resource values.     

建立符合我国国情的野生动物所有权制度

野生动物所有权制度对野生动物之保护、开发与利用意义重大,但在我国立法上存有较大争议。本文通过域外法考察,分析比较各国野生动物所有权制度,并结合我国国情,提出了建立以国家所有权为主体的多元化野生动物所有权制度之立法建议。     

社区股份合作制产权界定分析

在分析产权界定中存在的缺陷和难点的基础上,结合社区经济的特点,研究了社区股份合作制的股份设置和产权界定方法,并对界定结果进行了分析。     

浅谈山林权属纠纷调解及确权处理工作问题

林权纠纷是纠纷双方或者多方当事人根据已存在的林木或森林的归属权和所有权及使用权 展开的争议,它具有民事纠纷与行政纠纷的双重特点。其主要存在的问题包括产权不明,山证年代久 远,不够规范,界限划分不够明确,而其主要的纠纷解决方式包括非诉讼解决方式和诉讼解决方式。 本文就山林权属纠纷问题及解决对策做出了浅论。     

盗窃罪相关问题初探

理论界一般认为, 盗窃罪的客体是公私财物的所有权, 即所有权说。但在实践中, 所有权说遇到许多该学说无法解决的具体问题。作者根据个别学者提出的侵犯财产罪新的犯罪客体理论, 分析了实践中盗窃案件的多种特殊情况, 认为该客体理论比所有权说更具优越性。     

论我国集体林权制度改革中的法制障碍及解决途径

集体林权制度改革被称为＂第三次土地改革＂的制度性改革,近年来以迅猛之势席卷全国乡村。目前的实践已有成果,初步显示了林权改革所蕴含的巨大生产力和诱人前景。然而,集体林权改革在其实施的过程中并没有完全明晰林权所有权和使用权,而且森林资源资产评估法律制度不健全以及与＂托管造林＂相关的法律法规缺失等问题,都严重阻碍了林业经营者的处置权和收益权。为此,本文力图从改革林地征用制度,对限额采伐管理进行＂松绑＂,进一步落实林农对林权的抵押权以及加强林地流转法律法规建设四个方面落实林权的归属,并通过建立和完善健全森林资源资产评估法律制度与＂托管造林＂相关的法律法规来消除集体林权改革中存在的法制障碍,以推进集体林权改革顺利向前发展。     

环境动态性对经营者持股和公司绩效关系的影响研究

代理理论认为经营者持股与公司绩效存在正相关关系,但这种相关关系并没有在以往的实证研究中全部得到证实。本文试图通过分析和验证环境动态性对公司经营者持股和公司绩效的关系的影响,来说明经营者持股和公司绩效的相关关系在实证中没有被证实的原因。对于环境动态性的研究是未来公司治理研究的一个方向。     

北大荒农民学院混合所有制办学模式的研究

“三农”问题一直是国家工作重点,而农民问题又是“三农”问题中的根本,为了培养“有知识、有文化、懂科技、会经营”的新型职业农民,提高农村高素质人才的培养质量,项目组成员通过文献研究法、调查研究法、个案研究法、经验总结法等,对北大荒农民学院混合所有制办学模式进行了探索和研究,总结了混合所有制办学的内涵、混合所有制办学的优势、混合所有制办学模式建设策略等,旨在构建垦区农民教育新模式、新路径、新机制,为打造农垦农业领军人才提供有力支撑。