Attitudes of small-scale forest owners to their properties in an ageing society: Findings of survey in Yamaguchi prefecture, Japan

Populations of most developed countries have been ageing, and the populations of Japanese mountain villages are estimated to have reached into a super-ageing society. In particular, because forestry is unprofitable and due to the economic recession in Japan, many small-scale forest owners face the problems of ageing. For policy-makers, it is important to assess the socioeconomic impacts of forest owners’ ageing in order to ensure the sustainable management of forests. A survey was conducted of forest owners in Yamaguchi Prefecture, which is famous for overall depopulation and ageing of the rural population. It was found that 83% of 687 plantation forest owners who responded in the survey were 60 years or older and 76% did not have forestry income over the past three years, but 81% had kept up ownership of their forest as the traditional family property. In terms of forest management intentions, the respondents were found to consist of four types, namely ‘family management’, ‘commissioned management’, ‘de-accession’ and ‘possession without proper management’. Differences in evaluations of hypothetical policies were found among the four types.     

Analysis of the Impact of Ownership Structure on the External Corporate Governance

Taking-over market, the main component of external corporate governance, affects the performance of corporate governance significantly. Through taking-over activities between companies, the market assumes its role in the governance mechanism. This paper analyzes the taking-over market of listed company in China from the view of ownership structure. By looking into the indirect taking-over activities between companies, the authors research the impact of specific ownership structure on the effectiveness of external corporate governance deriving from such activities. It is concluded that innovation of ownership structure is the key for taking-over market to take its role in external corporate governance more effectively.     

Empirical Study on Corporate Governance and Voluntary Disclosure in China

This paper examines the impact of ownership structure and board composition on voluntary disclosure. Ownership structure is characterized by first ownership, and board composition is proxied by the percentage of independent directors. Voluntary disclosure is measured by an aggregated disclosure score of non-financial and financial information. Our results show that both lower and higher first ownership are associated with increased disclosure. The number,not percentage,of independent directors improve corporate disclosure. We also find that larger firms had greater disclosure.     

我国农机工业产权结构分析

在分析我国农机工业产权结构的基础上,指出国有及国有控股企业在固定资产、工业总产值、技术水平和吸纳劳动力等方面在农机工业中仍然占有重要地位;而民营企业具有机制灵活的特点,在诸多方面都居农机工业的主导地位,逐渐成为我国农机工业的中坚力量;三资企业在高端产品上所占的市场份额越来越大,具有很大的发展潜力.因此,根据产权结构分析与我国农机工业的发展趋势,认为民营和三资企业所占的比重会越来越大.     

森工林区林权制度改革与发展初探

阐明了实施林权制度改革是国有林区发展的必然选择,介绍了黑龙江省伊春林区国有林权改革的发展状况,提出了"十二五"森工林区林权制度改革的对策.     

我国上市公司股利政策与股权关系探讨

对企业股利政策理论的历史发展进行回顾，从MM的股利无关论到KUMARR的“噪音信号传递”理论，概括了我国上市公司分红现状，结合股权结构对上市公司分红的动因进行分析，根据我国证券市场股权的现状及国有股的减持实践，提出完善企业股利分配和股权结构的几点思路。     

关于土地市场建设的思考

我国的土地市场自建立以来，显示出了巨大的经济效率。然而，土地市场还很不成熟，统一、开放、竞争、有序的土地市场还没有完全形成。通过对土地市场的基本概念、存在的问题和原因分析，提出了一些建立有效地土地流转机制，促进土地市场发展的建议，具有现实意义。     

“三权分置”下落实宅基地集体所有权的政策逻辑、困境与路径——以民法典为视角

落实宅基地集体所有权是筑牢农村集体经济基本盘的客观需要,契合了农村产权制度改革必须坚守集体所有底线的基本逻辑。本文基于《民法典》视角,阐释落实宅基地集体所有权的政策逻辑,分析其在实践过程中面临的现实困境,探讨“三权分置”下落实宅基地集体所有权的实践路径。研究表明,落实宅基地集体所有权对于巩固集体经济组织主体地位、保障农民财产权利和实现农村共同富裕具有重大的实践价值。然而,受困于农民集体所有权行使主体虚化、宅基地利益主体复杂多元和宅基地使用权主体“封闭性”等多重因素,落实宅基地集体所有权也面临着诸多困难与挑战。学术界需要加强法治实践研究,需要将宅基地集体所有权研究放置于国家法治建设的逻辑之下,在学术研究与法治建设之间形成一种良性的互动关系。因此,建议结合《民法典》的相关规定,围绕着处理好农民与土地关系这条主线,从明晰宅基地集体所有权主体、强化集体所有权权能、建立新型宅基地管理模式等方面探索农村宅基地集体所有权的实现路径。     

四川省宝兴县林权纠纷的成因及对策分析

在宝兴县山林权属纠纷现状的基础上,分析了林权纠纷出现的成因有边界认定不严谨、信息记录不规范、调查人员技术水平和工作责任心不强、历史遗留问题等,指出了林权纠纷调处存在的问题,提出了调处林权纠纷的建议和对策,如加强组织领导,认真学习林业法律法规;提高调处队伍工作素质,改善干群关系;分门别类,妥善处理林改前林权流转遗留问题;严格按照程序立案调处;多种调处方式并举等。     

Simulating private land ownership fragmentation in the Missouri Ozarks, USA

Increasing land ownership fragmentation in the United States is causing concerns with respect to its ecological implications for forested landscapes. This is especially relevant given that human influence is one of the most significant driving forces affecting the forest landscape. A method for generating realistic land ownership maps is needed to evaluate the effects of ownership fragmentation on forest landscapes in combination with other natural processes captured in forest process models. Ownership patterns from human activities usually generate landscape boundary shapes different from those arising from natural processes. Spatial characteristics among ownership types – e.g., private, public ownership – may also differ. To address these issues, we developed the Fragmented Land Ownership Spatial Simulator (FLOSS) to generate ownership patterns that reflect the Public Land Survey System (PLSS) shapes and various patch size distributions among different types of ownership (e.g., private, public). To evaluate FLOSS performance, we compared the simulated patterns with various ownership fragmentation levels to the actual ownership patterns in the Missouri Ozarks by using selected landscape indices. FLOSS generated landscapes with spatial characteristics similar to actual landscapes, suggesting that it can simulate different levels of ownership fragmentation. This will allow FLOSS to serve as a feasible tool for evaluating forest management applications by spatially allocating various management scenarios in a realistic way. The potentials and limitations of FLOSS application are discussed.